EXCLAMATION POINT. Rule 24.- Interjections, and exclamatory words, phrases, and sentences, must be followed by the exclamation point: as— 1. O that I had the wings of a dove! 2. Oh! how vain and transitory are all things here below! 3. Rouse, ye Romans! rouse, ye slaves! 4. Ha, ha, ha! 5. Hark! hark! I hear footsteps! (For other examples see Exercise 64.) INTERROGATION POINT. Rule 25.-Every sentence or expression asking a direct question must be followed by the interrogation point: as 1. Why did you come so late? 2. Where be your gibes now? your gambols? your songs? your bursts of merriment, that were wont to set the table in a roar? (For other examples see Exercise 63.) The interrogation, when used where in the declarative sentence a colon or semicolon would be used, must, like the colon or semicolon, be followed by a small letter. (See last example above.) Exercise 21.-Punctuate, and give reasons. 1. O God have mercy on Thy child Whose faith in Thee grows weak and small 2. Had then God heard her Had he sent 3. Oh for the purple harvests Of the days when I was young And what is the shore where I stood to see My boat sail down the west Can I call that home where I anchor yet Can I call that home where my nest was set Now all its hope hath failed 5. Who does not love the Marchioness and Mr. Richard Swiveller Who does not sympathize not only with Oliver Twist but his admirable young friend the Artful Dodger Who does not bless Sairey Gamp and wonder at Mrs. Harris THE DASH. Rule 26.- The dash is used to denote a sudden break in the sentence, or a suspension of thought: as 1. He had no malice in his mind,—no ruffles on his shirt. 2. I take - eh! oh!· as much exercise as I can, Madam Gout. 3. Upon that I kiss your hand, and I call you — my queen. Rule 27.- Either dashes or marks of parenthesis may be used to enclose an expression parenthetical in character, but too independent in construction to admit of the comma: as 1. I delight and wonder at Mr. Dickens's genius; I recognize in it — I speak with awe and reverence a commission from the Divine Beneficence. 2. Approach and read (for thou canst read) the lay grav'd on the stone beneath yon aged thorn. Exercise 22.-Punctuate and explain. 1. Isaac of York for it was our old friend was at length able to explain. 2. Children dear was it yesterday call yet once that she went away 3. "Lovely" "Stop" said Mr. Weller ringing the bell. 4. I ehem I forget. 5. Perhaps he did see Nora Heaven only knows and so died. 6. Who does not venerate the chief of that illustrious family who being stricken by misfortune wisely and greatly turned his attention to coals the accomplished the epicurean the dirty the delightful Micawber 7. Thou little tricksy puck With antic toys so funnily bestuck Light as the singing bird that wings the air Why Jane he'll set his pinafore afire Thou imp of mirth and joy In love's dear chain so strong so bright a link THE HYPHEN. Rule 28.-The hyphen is used to connect the parts of a compound word: as Dining-table. Fellow-student. Rule 29.—The hyphen is placed at the end of a line to show that a part of the last word has been carried over to the next line: as It was the hall of William Rufus, the hall which had resounded with acclamations at the inauguration of thirty kings. THE CARET. Rule 30.-If a letter, word, or expression is omitted, place a caret where the omission occurs, and interline the omitted part: as- with The old walls were hung, scarlet. THE QUOTATION MARKS. Rule 31.- A direct quotation is enclosed within quotation marks; the inverted commas are placed at the beginning and the apostrophes at the close. If by the introduction of explanatory remarks, as, he said, the quo tation is separated into parts, each part must be enclosed within quotation marks. Rule 32.- A quotation within a quotation is enclosed in single quotation marks. (See pages 35 and 36.) Rule 33.- In a succession of quoted paragraphs the inverted commas are used at the beginning of each paragraph, but the apostrophes are used at the close of the last paragraph only. (See pages 35 and 36.) REMARK 1.-The first word of a direct quotation. begins with a capital. This must be understood to refer to the whole quotation, not to the parts into which it may be divided by explanatory remarks. The capitalization within the quotation must be determined by the ordinary rules. If the quotation consists of a single word or a part of a sentence the capital is not generally used. REMARK 2.- A direct quotation is generally preceded by a colon; if the quotation consists of but a single sentence the comma is often used. REMARK 3.- An exclamation or interrogation point, if belonging to the quotation, must stand within the quotation marks. Apply the preceding rules to the following examples: 1. "Civility," said Lady Montague, "costs nothing and buys everything." 2. "Beginning retreat!" cried Napoleon. 3. "To the persevering mortal," said Zoroaster, "the blessed Immortals are swift." 4. Some one has said, “What an argument for prayer is contained in the words, 'Our Father, which art in Heaven!'" (For further Examples and for the distinction between Direct and Indirect Quotation see Principle XVII.) Exercise 23.- Punctuate, and give reasons. 1. Eye has not seen! repeated blind Muriel thoughtfully can people see there Yes my child There is no darkness at all She paused a minute, and said earnestly I want to go- I want very much to go How long do you think it will be before the angels come for me Many many years my precious one said I shudderingly for truly she looked so like them that I began to fear they were close at hand 2. Enderley is just the same said John. Twelve years have made no change - except in us. And he looked fondly at his wife. I think the chorus and comment on all life might be included in two brief phrases given by our friend Shakespeare, one to Hamlet the other to Othello "Tis very strange and 'Tis better as it is. 3. Passengers and crew men women and children crowded the forward part of the ship. John Maynard stood at the helm. The flames burst forth in a sheet of fire. Captain cried out through his trumpet John Maynard Aye aye sir Clouds of smoke arose. The Are you at the helm Aye aye sir How does she head South-east by east sir Head her south-east and run her ashore, said the Captain COMBINATION OF DETACHED ELEMENTS. By the expression detached elements is meant the different statements into which a sentence may be resolved. Take for example the following sentence: Having these powerful spirits obedient to his will, Prospero could, by their means, command the winds and the waves of the sea. This may be resolved into the following detached ele ments: Prospero had these spirits obedient to his will. erful spirits. Prospero could command the winds. mand the waves of the sea. This he could do by spirits. They were pow He could commeans of these |