after the Restoration. The first was no doubt drawn now found it employed in 1824. In an article called up by the John Ellis who is mentioned in it. TheThe Confessions of a Cantab,' which appears in second must have been written by the king him- the sixteenth volume of Blackwood's Magazine, self:p. 461, the following passage occurs : "A Smooth Black Dog, less then a Grey-hound, with white under his breast, belonging to the King's Majesty, was taken from Whitehal the eighteenth day of this instant June, or thereabout. If any one can give notice to John Ellis. one of his Majesties Servants, or to his Majesties Back-stayrs, shall be well rewarded for their labour."-June 21-28, 1660. "We must call upon you again for a Black Dog, between a Greyhound and a Spaniel, no white about him, onely a streak on his Brest, and his Tayl a little bobbed. It is His Majesties own Dog, and doubtless was stoln, for the Dog was not born nor bred in England, and would never forsake His Master. Whosoever findes him may acquaint any at Whitehal, for the Dog was better known at Court, than those who stole him. Will they never leave robbing His Majesty? Must he not keep a Dog? This Dog's place (though better then some imagine) is the only place which nobody offers to beg."-June 28-July 5, 1660. Possibly this was the "dog that the King loved," which came ashore with Pepys at Dover ('Diary,' May 25, 1660). Or it may have been the dog to which Rochester refers in one of his satires against Charles II. : : His very dog at Connal-board Sits grave and wise as any lord. 'History of Insipids.' Unfortunately the newspapers do not tell us whether the king's advertisement was answered, and the fate of the dog remains unknown. The unhappy monarch continued to lose his dogs. In the Intelligencer for Jan. 9, 1664/5, is the following notice : -- BOULEVARDS FOR LONDON.-A good deal has been written lately in the Times, Telegraph, and other daily papers about the Marylebone Road as a boulevard for the north-west of London; but no one has drawn attention to the fact that the design of such a boulevard was due to the late Mr. J. Č. Loudoun, the horticulturist, at whose suggestion Oxford and Cambridge Terraces were laid out as a continuation of the Marylebone Road, with a view of a grand boulevard some miles in length to be carried through Kensington, Chelsea, Vauxhall, Brixton, &c., to Blackheath and Greenwich, while the City Road was to be continued eastwards and south-westwards to the Isle of Dogs. A full account of this design will be found in Old and New London,' vol. v. p. 265. SUUM CUIQUE. SNOB.-In 'N. & Q.,' 7th S. iv. 127, I gave an instance of the use of this word in 1831. I have "The gownsmen looked, smiled, and passed on; the snobs stood still and grinned." A note at the bottom of the page runs as follows:"For the benefit of the unsophisticated reader, a snob is, at Cambridge, everybody who is not a gownsman," EDWARD PEACOCK. Bottesford Manor, Brigg. absurd story, to be found in nearly every life of STORY CONCERNING CROMWELL.-There is an Oliver Cromwell, as to his having, when a little boy, been run away with by a monkey. Carlyle refers to it in chap. iv. of the Letters and Speeches,' vol. i. p. 27, ed. 1857. I have just come upon a similar tale, told of Christian, the tyrant of Sweden : tian's infancy, a large ape snatched him from his nurse's "It is recorded that on one occasion, during Chrisarms, and ascended with him to the roof of the palace, whence, however, unluckily for humanity, the animal, after a time, brought him down again in safety." ANON. RELICS OF CHARLES I.-Under the above heading in the Times of December 17, 1888, the following notice appeared :— "The Prince of Wales on Thursday visited St. George's Chapel, Windsor, and replaced in the vault containing the coffin of Charles I. certain relics of that monarch than seventy years ago. These relics having ultimately which had been removed during some investigations more come into the possession of the Prince of Wales, he decided, with the sanction of the Queen, to replace them in the vault from which they had been taken, but not to disturb the coffin of the king. The Dean of Windsor was present." tain relics" referred to consist of. The coffin of It would be interesting to know what the "cerCharles I. was discovered during some alterations which were effected at St. George's Chapel, Windsor, many years ago, and was opened in the presence of King George IV., who was attended by his physician, Sir Henry Halford; but the king gave positive directions that no particulars of what took place should be divulged during his lifetime. Soon after the death of George IV.-that is, late in the year 1830 or early in 1831-a detailed account of all that took place when the coffin was opened appeared in print, and was attributed to the pen of Sir Henry Halford, if it was not actually signed by him. how and by whom the article in question was pubCan any of your readers favour me by stating lished, giving also the exact date? GEORGE J. T. MERRY. 35, Warwick Road, Earl's Court, S.W. THE WORD "CHALET."-May I call attention to the hideous degradation to which this poor word, associated in most minds with much that is pic-don, Printed for J. Budd, Bookseller to H.R. H. turesque and charming in Switzerland, has, during the last two or three years, been subjected in London? It is now applied to a kind of street lavatory. F. CHANCE. Sydenham Hill. Queries. We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct. "THE COURT SECRET: A NOVEL. Part I. [and II.]. Written by P. B., Gent. London : Printed by R. E. for R. Baldwin, near the BlackBull in the Old Baily. 1659."-This work, concerning which I find no particulars in Lowndes, Halkett and Laing, or other bibliographers, repeats, in the form of a novel, the libellous accusation against Mary of Modena, Louis XIV., and other historical personages contained in 'The Amours of Messaline,' concerning which I sought vainly for information 7th S. vi. 404. In the address to the reader, prefixed to the second part, the author says that some malicious persons" gave out that he was the author of 'The Amours of Messalina.' A key to both parts is given with the second part. Who was P. B. Is anything known of the book? It is not, I think, to be confounded with 'Court Secrets,' by Edward Curll. URBAN. 'TALES OF THE SPANISH MAIN.'-Can you inform me whether there is a book (not the 'History of the Bucaniers,' 1704) about the buccaneers of America entitled 'Tales of the Spanish Main'? It contained an account of the journey of Orellana from Peru to the Atlantic down the valley of the Amazon. Possibly the History of the Bucaniers,' 1741, is the book. M. SERINGAPATAM.-Could any of your readers oblige by letting me know where I can procure a list of the officers and regiments engaged in the taking of Seringapatam, and the date when the prize-money was distributed? E. D. HARRIS. FRANCES CROMWELL.-I have a mourning-ring on which is inscribed, "Frances Cromwell, obiit April 30th, 1738." Can any of your readers give any information about this lady? L. WOOD, Major. the Prince Regent, No. 100, Pall Mall, 1811, 8vo.”)? It is attributed in Halkett and Laing to Herries (vol. iii. 2198). Possibly this was John Charles Herries, afterwards Chancellor of the Exchequer in Goderich's administration. G. F. R. B. DYER, OF SHARPHAM.-I should be very glad if any of your readers could tell me whether there are any known living descendants of the family of Dyer, of Sharpham Park, co. Somerset, a large and numerous one, whose pedigree is given in the Heralds' Visitation of Somerset in 1623 (Harleian MSS., British Museum), and several members of which were in their day celebrated men, viz., Sir James Dyer, Knt., Lord Chief Justice Common Pleas, born 1512; Sir Edward Dyer, poet and historian, one of the favourites of Queen Elizabeth. A line of baronets also sprang from this family in the person of Sir Richard Dyer (or Deyer as they spelt it), grandson of John Dyer, of Roundhill and Wincanton, co. Somerset, and great-grandson of John Dyer, of Sharpham, which baronetcy became extinct in the person of Sir Ludovick Dyer through default of issue, and whose estate being sequestered, he died in a workhouse. The first baronet, Sir Richard Dyer, lived at Great Staughton, in Huntingdonshire, and is buried in the parish church, where there is a mural tablet to his memory. The Dyers of Somerset strongly espoused the cause of King Charles, and on the success of Fairfax in the West of England they were turned out of their estates, and there was a great break up of the family in the seventeenth century, at which point most of them disappear from view, and probably from impecuniosity sank into humble life. There is no doubt, I think, that many of the Dyers living in the West of England now are descendants of this numerous family. S. R. DYER, M.D. 242, Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common, S.W. birth and parentage of Sir Robert Norter, who is SIR ROBERT NORTER.-Can any one give the stated to have been a Secretary of State in the time of Charles I. ? His daughter married the first Lord Dunkeld. MAC ROBERT. CLASSIFICATION OF THE CLERGY.-Who was the author of the threefold division of the clergy into Platitudinarians, Latitudinarians, and Attitudinarians? It appeared about 1866. G. L. G. "THE FLOWER GARDEN.'-Is it known who wrote the article in the Quarterly Review for 1842, republished in Murray's 'Reading for the Rail' in 1852 The same author contributed an essay on 'The Poetry of Gardening' to the Carthusian, and this is also reprinted as a sort of appendix to 'The Flower Garden.' W. ROBERTS. 10, Charlotte Street, Bedford Square. the TOURS CATHEDRAL.-Sir Walter Scott, in a very picturesque bit of landscape painting in Quentin Durward,' chap. xiv., calls this most magnificent church in France." Does Scott mean that it was the most magnificent at the period of his story, or at the time in which he was writing? I have never seen Tours Cathedral, but I believe it is not equal in magnificence to the cathedrals of Amiens, Rheims, Chartres, or Notre Dame de Paris (all of which I have seen). No doubt it is, to a certain extent, a matter of personal taste. For my own part, of all the cathedrals I have ever seen, either at home or abroad, I think that which impressed me most was Amiens, and, next to that, Rheims. It does not, however, necessarily follow that other people would agree with this estimate. Possibly I might myself think that in the magnificence of her churches Italy "held the field "against France, if I had ever had the good fortune to see Milan: The giant windows' blazoned fires, The height, the space, the gloom, the glory, A mount of marble, a hundred spires. miles. Bodmer took sketches everywhere. Among Mandans, Arickarees, and divers other tribes the prince spared no pains or expense to procure every variety of national and characteristic articles. These curios were a multitudinous collection, and were transported by the gatherer to his home on the Rhine. In the pheasantry at Neuwied they were seen by the writer in 1842, and according to Baedeker they remained there till 1866, if not longer. These curiosities I had supposed to be now in the Berlin ethnographical department. According, however, to Stackelberg's Life of the Queen of Roumania,' they were sold some twenty years ago to an American, and carried back to America. Where is the real habitat of these aboriginal relics? Is it Neuwied, or Berlin, or America? If in America, where ? JAMES D. BUTLER Madison, Wis., U.S. "Dolce far nIENTE.”—Is this phrase merely a common Italian phrase, or is it a quotation from some book in that language? CLIVE. ARMS WANTED.-Per pale, baron and feme; baron: Argent, between three leopards' heads caboshed, a chevron gules; feme: Argent, a stag tripping; on a canton, a galley. Crest: a wingless dragon, tail nowy, or. Believed to be of the early Georgian period. H. D. ELLIS. SANDAL GATES.-What became of these famous gates after their removal in 1842 from Ghiznee? The Governor-General, Lord Ellenborough, with a flourish of trumpets, gave out that they were to be restored to Somnauth, in Hindustan, but the British Government would not allow it, for fear of provoking religious strife. I want to know the fate of these gates since their removal from Afghanistan. E. COBHAM BREWER. A CURIOUS WORK.-I obtained not long ago a copy, imperfect, unfortunately, of a little work entitled A Guide to Grand Jurymen.' The titlepage in my copy is gone, so I cannot give either the full title or the date of the book. It was published probably in Charles I.'s reign, as the author speaks of our late sovereign James. The two dedications are signed Richard Bernard. It is a curious little work, dealing with witches and those posac-sessed. Could any reader give me information respecting Richard Bernard, and tell me where I may see a perfect copy? E. E. EDGE-PARTINGTON. Manchester, Will some of your readers who are well quainted with the French cathedrals say what, in their opinion, is the merit of Tours compared with that of the other cathedrals of France? JONATHAN BOUCHIER. NEUWIED ETHNOGRAPHICALS. Maximilian, Prince of Neuwied, in 1834 voyaged to the United States on an exploring tour. He was accompanied by the artist Bodmer and a tried and trusty factotum. As early as 1815 he had made a similar expedition into the heart of Brazil. At St. Louis he chartered a steamer in which he pushed up the Missouri more than two thousand the surname Byrktwysyll, and also Byrkbye and teeth with it; but lett none goe into your Mouth for it Byrkheade. I also notice the surname Twissilton. is terrible jll tasted, but of no Danger at all if any goe Byrkbie is "birch-town," and Byrkheade is "birch-but it is not good to be vsed but now and then." downe the throate: it will make the teeth pure white; hill"; but what is Birch-twizzel or Twizzel-town? I have not yet seen any satisfactory explanation of These "dentifrices" are to be applied with rag or with the finger to the teeth. this word. Sheffield. S. O. ADDY. C. S. K. COACHING PRINTS.-I have recently picked up a series of coaching and sporting prints, mounted on a roller, and shall be glad if you or any of your readers can give me information respecting them. The seller said the artist was Halkyn, but I have no further evidence beyond the fact that they bear a great resemblance to his other productions. The imprint runs as follows: "London, published for the proprietor by S. & I. Fuller, Temple of Fancy, 34, Rathbone Place, 1822." C. P. PEAK. JOSIAH BURCHELL.-Can any reader of N. & Q'give me information respecting the parentage of Josiah Burchell, who for fifty years held the office of Secretary to the Admiralty and for forty years represented Sandwich in Parliament? One of his daughters married Admiral Sir Charles Hardy, Knt. Any information respecting his ancestors will be valued. J. FARLEY RUTTER. Mere, Wilts. Replies. TOOTH-BRUSHES. (7th S. vi. 247, 292, 354.) I have a very curious MS. collection of receipts, commenced circa 1623, and once in the possession of Elizabeth, Lady Morton, who presented it in 1679 "to her Deare Brother William Ffinch at Hun......in Lincolnshire." tooth-powders; but no mention whatever is made It contains several of brushes wherewith to apply them to the teeth. The following are samples :— "Dr. Myrons Dentryfris or powder for the teeth to keepe them whit: "Burne a peece of Corke till it looke like a Coale, then take it out of the Fyre and it will fall to ashes where with rub your teeth." "St Joslin Perceis-to make cleane the teeth whereBoever they bee Black or foule : "Dip a little Rag in Oyle of Sulphere and rub your From 'A General Practise of Phisicke,' pubreceipt which proves very conclusively that the lished by Thomas Adams, 1617, fol., I extract a tooth-brush was not in common use at that date: "To make and to keepe the teeth cleane. "Take two drag. of Date stones, red Corall prepared three drag. Lupins, and the rootes of the yellow Flowerdeluce, of each three drag. beate all that is to be beaten and afterwards make a confection of it with clarified hony which must be so hard that you may make small placents or trocisces of it; dry them in the shadow: when you will vse them, then dissolue one of them in wine or when thou has first rubbed them well with a cloth." vineger, and wash the teeth therewith euery morning All this writer's directions for managing the to be attained by "washing," by "rubbing with a teeth insist upon scrupulous cleanliness, which is coarse cloth," and by rubbing them "last of all with a peece of Scarlet dipped in Hony." The final direction runs thus :— pure, and not to picke them with an iron, but with a "The teeth also are alwayes to be kept cleane and toothpicker made of Lentiscus, which is the tree whereof droppeth Mastick, which is much commended for the meale." teeth: remember also to wash the teeth after euery " Many other seventeenth-century books might be quoted from, for the same purpose, down to Mistress Hannah Woolley, who told her pupils in 1682 that you ought to keep your teeth very clean by rubbing you please, try Mr. Turner's Dentrifrices, which are every them every morning with water and salt...... You may, if where much cried up." 'The Toilet of Flora......for the Use of the Ladies,' London, 1784, gives a receipt for making "A Coral Stick for the Teeth. "Make a stiff Paste with Tooth Powder and a sufficient quantity of Mucilage of Gum Tragacanth: form with this Paste, little cylindrical Rollers, the thickness of a large goose-quill, and about three inches in length. Dry them in the shade. The method of using this stick is to tion as it wastes." rub it against the teeth which become cleaner in propor preparation of certain roots that are used to clean One of the 'They are used in the following manner. ends is moistened with a little water, dipped into the Tooth-Powder, and then rubbed against the teeth till they look white." If stronger measures are needed (for the removal of tartar, for instance), "take a large skewer, on the end of which is tied a piece of linen rag, dip the rag in the medicine and rub the teeth and gums with it." It is possible that these prepared roots, slit "into the form of a little brush," may be the connecting link between the tooth-stick (the use of which seems to be general among savages) and the modern tooth-brush. ALFRED WALLIS. In a manuscript volume of the private accounts of Francis Sitwell, of Renishaw, from August 20, 1728, to March 2, 1748, the following entries occur: 1729, Sept. 6. "Disbursed at London [among many other items] a silver tooth-stick 8d." 1729, Oct. 9. "Disbursed at London [among various items] a tooth Brush 4d." This entry is only ten years later than the entry I gave relating to tooth-powder at p. 292, and tinctly shows that tooth-brushes are not of recent introduction. In the same volume I find :— ago bearing on the notes of PROF. BUTLER and MR. WARD: that A Great Book is a Great Evil. He said this be"It was a favourite saying with a crabbed old Greek fore the grand invention of printing, when the making and reading of books, if not a great evil, was certainly a great trouble...... Now all these great books are very curious, many of them very useful, and some of them invaluable, yet they are very seldom opened by any man nowadays, except to be dusted, although their names are from time to time to be found presiding over a modern work, to the spirit of which they may perhaps be altogether opposed. This neglect is partly owing to the circumstance that these books can rarely be met with out of public libraries, where a man cannot sit down comfortably to read them; partly to their occasional perplexity of thought and uncouth manner of speech; and partly also to their size-to their being such very great books, which makes it a work of months (sometimes of years) to get quite through some of them. Nevertheless they were not without their effect on the world. Many of the important truths which they contain have been preserved and illustrated in later writings more portable in form and easy of digestion.” R. W. HACKWOOD. NAMES IN THE DE BANCO ROLL (7th S. vi. 327). dis--The following memoranda may afford some little aid towards unravelling the meaning of the words quoted. "Oct. 31. Gassein powder 2s." Whether this is tooth-powder is uncertain. On June 24 in the same year F. Sitwell pays 3s. 6d. for "a Bottle for my teeth," which I cannot explain. ALBERT HARTSHORNE. BIG BOOKS BIG BORES (7th S. vi. 206, 391). As an illustration of the REV. W. E. BUCKLEY'S note on the origin of large-paper copies, I may perhaps be allowed to give particulars of two largepaper books in my collection : 1. "H Kain Aiα0ŋŋ, Novum Testamentum GræcoLatinum, interprete Erasmo Roterodamo......Editio Nova, Lato Margine, Notis Philologico - Theologicis Annectendis Accommodatissima et Utilissima. Tali vultu nondum hactenus visa...... Fo., Gissæ Hassorum, MDC.LXIX." The text measures 63 in. by 4 in.; the paper measures 14 in. by 9g in. Many of these enormous margins have been utilized in the way intended. 2. "Les Tenures de Monsieur Littleton. London, Imprinted for the Companie of Stationers, 1612." The text measures 4 in. by 1 in.; the paper measures 8 in. by 6 in. A great many of the margins are covered with interesting early and late seventeenth-century explanatory notes. Richmond, Surrey. J. ELIOT HODGKIN. Taking up by chance the first number of one of the first illustrated periodicals (the Saturday Magazine for July, 1832), the opening words of the introduction have just caught my eye. They may be worth recording as the voice of half a century Orsmythyburn. Or is the A.-S. word for ore, unwrought metal. Smyth, from smitan, originally signified any artificer who used the hammer: isen-smid, an ironsmith; ora-smið, a coppersmith, a coiner. "Hu nys this se smið, Marian sunu?" "Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary?” (Matt. vi. 3.) Orsmythyburn, then, means the brook beside the smithy." Oseleye points to osle, or ousel, a blackbird. Osel-leye the field of the blackbird. Tonsclugh, the cliff or cleft near the ton, or cluster of houses. Kahirst or Keyhirst. Hirst is a wood or plantation; A.-S. cu, Scottish ky, a cow. Kahirst seems to indicate a small plantation into which the cattle were driven. Croke tak. A tak, or intake, was a plot of land enclosed from the waste. Croke probably refers to its crooked shape. Redistrother seems to imply a locality strewn or overgrown with reeds. Cuphaughford. MR. PERCEVAL is probably correct in his explanation of this and of Shelyngley Belyley and Bellion seem to me to be corruptions from Belling or Billing, the name of an Anglian or Anglo-Saxon tribe who have commemorated themselves in place-names in many parts of England. J. A. PICTON. Sandyknowe, Wavertree. MR. PERCEVAL may find of service to his query, so far as anent "The Redistrother," a note of some searches of mine into the meaning of the word struther, used both by itself and as a compound in place-names. It is evidently a descriptive |