forms, 288; first fight with
Frenchmen, 9. 68-70; second
defeat by the French, 80; Cham-
plain attacks a village, 86-88;
and the Albany Congress, 279;
with Johnson's army, 297; atti-
tude in French and Indian War,
340; attitude in the Revolution,
10. 193, 335, 11. 104, 113;
with St. Leger's expedition, 10.
335, 338-340, 346; at Wyo-
ming massacre, II. 107-109;
at Cherry Valley massacre, 109;
Sullivan's expedition against, 110-
113; Mohawk Valley raids, 113.
Irrigation, criterion of social status in
America, 1. 36; use by Pueblo
Indians, 98; by Peruvians, 3.
115, 122.
Irving, Washington, authority on
Columbus, 2. 9 n.; satire
Twiller, 7. 166; reception of his
Knickerbocker, 186.
Isabella, queen of Castile, absorbed

on

in Moorish war, 2. 79, 88; and
Columbus's plan, 90, 95-97, 99,
100; pledging of her jewels,
102 n.; reception of Columbus
after first voyage, 127; not given
credit for the discovery, 139 n.;
edicts of 1495 and 1497, 178,
308-311; dissatisfaction with Co-
lumbus, 190, 192, 307; recep-
tion of Columbus returning in
chains, 196; responsibility for
Bobadilla, 196; death, 208; and
Indian slavery, 3. 255, 261, 264.
Isabella, Hispaniola, founded, 2.

157.

Jackson, Andrew, at Hanging Rock,

II. 223.

Jamaica, discovery, 2. 160; Colum-

bus shipwrecked, 207, 208; and
the pirates, 5. 415, 416.
James I. of England, accession, 4.
64; charters Virginia companies,
71; Counterblast to Tobacco, 206;
and the London Company, 227,

231, 236-239, 251-258; Gon
domar's influence, 229–231, 233;
and Parliament, 230, 244, 257;
and Raleigh, 232-235; death,
279; hatred of Presbyterianism,
6. 82, 84; statecraft, 83, 118;
consents to Pilgrim migration,
97; Dæmonologie, 9. 142.
James II. of England, flight, 5.
185, 6. 339, 8. 208; unites the
northern colonies, 205; friend-
ship for Penn, 343-345; Penn's
trust, 347, 351; and the seven
bishops, 349-351. See also York.
James, Thomas, Puritan minister in
Virginia, 4. 355, 356.

James City County, origin of its
name, 5. 45 n.
Jamestown, Va., founded, 4. 108;
unhealthful,
178, 5. 141;
churches, 189, 285; legislature
meets at, 219, 285; size in 1676,
5. 75; Berkeley occupies, 101;
Bacon captures and burns, 101-
103; rebuilt, 140; again de-
stroyed and present condition, 140;
attempt to force growth, 246.
See also Virginia.

Jan Mayen Island, Arctic Ocean,
possible visit of Columbus, 2.
59.

Japan, Marco Polo describes, I.
328, 335; Toscanelli on, 2. 32;
object of Columbus's first voyage,
104; search for, in the Bahamas,
116;
and Hayti, 120.
Japanese junks driven to America, I.
173.

Jaques, Christovão, voyage to South
America, 2. 401.

the navigation of the Mississippi,
248; supports the Constitution,
408; share in the Federalist,
409; votes received for vice-pre-
sidency, 417.

Jay, Pierre, Huguenot, persecution
and emigration to New York, 8.
404.

Jefferson, Thomas, on Virginia local
government, 5. 43, 49; on sla-
very, 222, 234, 12. 234; an-
cestry, 5. 237; Notes on Virginia,
302; on government, 6. 28;
slow growth of desire for inde-
pendence, 10. 64; drafts Decla-
ration of Independence, 227;
character, 227; assists British
prisoners, 401; escape from Tarle-
ton, 11. 325; Religious Toleration
Act, 12. 96; influence on cession
of western territory, 231; plan
of government for territory, 232-
234; on the Constitution, 370,
396.
Jeffries, Sir Herbert, royal commis-
sioner to Virginia, 5. 107; suc-
ceeds Berkeley, 110.
Jesuits, Indian missionaries, 3. 360,
362, 8. 60; growth and power,
9. 73; spirit of propaganda, 74,
100; at Port Royal, 75; with
La Saussaye at Mount Desert, 76;
treatment by Argall and Dale, 78,
79; supreme in Canada, 100.
Jews, banished from Spain, 2. 131,

150, 8. 386-388; migration to
the Netherlands, 388; in Brazil,
389; in New York, 389-391;
in Newport, 389; in Philadel-
hia, 392; in the southern colo-
nies, 392.

ogues, Isaac, Jesuit missionary, at
outlet of Lake Superior, 9. 100.
John II. of Portugal, and Columbus,
2. 74-76, 125, 140; does hom-
age to pope for discovered land,
146 n.
inson, Edward, Wonder-working
Providence, 6. 305.

Johnson, Sir John, loyalist, influ-
ence, 10. 236, 11. 104; joins
St. Leger's expedition, 10. 335;
at Fort Niagara, II. 104; at bat-
tle of Newtown, 111.
Johnson, Sir Nathaniel, governor
of Carolina, and the Dissenters,
5. 341; repels French and Span-
ish attack, 341-343.
Johnson, Robert, governor of South
Carolina, 5. 358; overthrow,
359; and the pirates, 427, 428,
430.
Johnson, Samuel, on the colonies,
5. 209, 10. 73.
Johnson, Sir William, influence over
the Iroquois, 9. 263; battle of
Lake George, 294 300; made a
baronet, 300; captures Fort Ni-
agara, 345-347; and Brant, II.

ΙΟΙ.

Johnson, William, member of the

Federal Convention, 12. 271.
Joliet, Louis, on the Mississippi, 3.
363, 9. 117-120; map, 3. 369;
education, 9. 113, 117; explora-
tion for copper mines, 114.
Jón Thórdharson, version of saga on
Vinland, I. 229, 239 n.
Joncaire-Chabert and Washington at
Venango, 9. 270, 271.
Jones, Paul, cruise in the Ranger,

II. 148; squadron, 150-152;
status, 152; cruise off British
coast, 152; fight with the Sera-
pis, 153-159; anecdote, 158 n. ;
effect of his victory, 159; hon-
ours, 159; Holland harbours,
159, 188; later life, 160.
Jónsson, Arngrim, on Norse voy-
ages to America, I. 180 n., 2.
71.

Joseph, Master, on size of the earth,

2. 52 n.
Judiciary, national, in Virginia plan,
12. 287; provisions in the Con-
stitution, 359; duty of interpret-
ing the laws, 360. See alse
Courts.

Kemp, Richard, secretary of Vir-
ginia, 4. 345.

Kendall, George, Virginia coun-

cillor, executed, 4. 117.
Kennebec River, Maine, Champlain

ascends, 9. 53; importance to
Canada, 234; Indians, 235;
Shute's conference with the In-
dians, 239; Indians attack English
settlements, 241; French control
destroyed, 243, 244.

Kent Island, Md. See Claiborne.
Kentucky, beginnings, II. 116,

123; state of Transylvania, 123;
county in Virginia, 123; why
Virginia retained control, 12.
239.

Keppel, Lord, in Rockingham's

ministry, 12. 6; in Shelburne's
ministry, 19; in coalition minis-
try, 53.

Kickapoo Indians, 1. 57.
Kidd, William, character, 8. 263;
commissioned against the pirates,
264; piracy, 268-273; arrest,
273; trial and execution, 274.
Kidnapping, in England, 5. 205,
217; of Indians, 323, 341.
Kieft, William, director-general of
New Netherland, character, 7.
192, 222, 227; autocracy, 193,
210; tax on the Indians, 207,

213; calls an assembly on the
question of war, 209; and the
administrative reforms, 210; mas-
sacres fugitive Indians, 214; tries
to shift the responsibility, 215;
imposes an excise, 221, 222;
charges against, 223-225; re-
moved, 225; attempt to investi-
gate, 233-235; hits back, 235;
drowned, 237.

King, Rufus, member of the Fed-
eral Convention, 12. 270.
King Philip's War, premonitions,
6. 268-271; outbreak, 271; pro-
gress, 272-278; Narragansetts
join, 280; probable incentive,
280 n. ;
attack on Narragansett
stronghold, 281-285; effect of
Narragansetts' defeat, 285, 290 ;
fierceness, 286, 288, 303; at-
tack on Lancaster, 290; treat-
ment of prisoners, 291-294;
end, and death of Philip, 294-298;
Indians sold as slaves, 299; am-
nesty, 300; outbreak in Maine,
301; destructiveness, 302, 303;
cost, 303; Andros's interest, 8.
55-58, 67; Philip in the Berk-
shires, 68, 69 n.

King's Chapel, Boston, founded, 6.
337.

King's Mountain, battle, 11. 295-

297; and Bennington, 298.
Kingship, rudimentary, in America,
1. 86; origin and development,
127-130; and Aztec chief-of-
men, 130; and the Inca, 3.
141-145, 154.

Kingston, N. Y., Walloon settlers,
8. 397; burned by the British,
10. 392.

Kirke, David, attack on Quebec,
9. 91, 92.

Kirke, Percy, viceroy in America,
6. 333; not sent, 334.
Kirkland, Samuel, influence over Iro-

quois, I. 88 n., 10. 335.
Knights of the Golden Horseshoe
5. 451.

called, 12. 210.

Knowles, John, Puritan minister in
Virginia, 4. 355, 356.
Knox, Henry, ancestry, 5. 460;
character, 10. 177.

at

Knyphausen, Baron Wilhelm von,
Hessian general in British army,
10. 189; at Brandywine, 367; at
Germantown, 374, 376;
Monmouth, 11. 73.
Koopman of New Netherland, du-
ties, 7. 152.

Koorn, Nicholas, guards Rensselaer-
wyck staple right, 7. 244.
Kosciuszko, Thaddeus, volunteers in
American cause, 10. 283; forti-
fies Bemis Heights, 382; with
Greene's army, 11. 301.
Kramer, Gerard. See Mercator.
Kuyter, Joachim, arrives in New

Netherland, 7. 199; and Kieft,
219, 233, 235; banished and
fined, 236; shipwrecked, 237 ;
justified, 238.

La Corne, Saint-Luc de, French
partisan, unsuccessful attack on
Oswego, 9. 346.

La Cosa, Juan de, in Columbus's
first voyage, 2. 103; in Colum-
bus's second voyage, 153; map,
227-230, 293–297, 306 n.;
voyage to South America, 248,
319; voyages to Pearl Coast,
410; high constable of Darien,
412, 3. 178; death, 180.
La Galissonière, Marquis de, gov-
ernor of Canada, sends expedi-
tion to claim Ohio valley, 9.
264.

La Montagne, Jean de, Kieft's coun-
cillor, 7. 194.

La Muce, Marquis de, leads Hugue-
not immigration, 5. 238.

La Navidad, Hispaniola, started, 2.
122; destroyed, 155.

lumbus at, 2..92.

La Salle, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de,
scheme for French empire, 3. 362.
364, 9. 120-124, 132, 258;
expedition to the Ohio, 3. 363, 9.
111-115; expedition to descend
the Mississippi, 3. 364-368, 9.
124-130; takes possession for
France, 3. 368, 9. 130; plan for
a colony, 3. 368, 9. 131; death,
3. 369, 9. 132; birth and early
life, 109; character, 110, 114,
123; at La Chine, 110; reputed
earlier trip to the Mississippi,
115.

La Saussaye, chief of Jesuit colony,
at Port Royal, 9. 76; and Ar-
gall, 76-78.

La Tour, Charles de, in Acadia, 9.
93-96.

La Vérendrye family, father and
sons, explorations to Rocky Moun-
tains, 3. 373.

Labadists in Maryland, 5. 165; in
Pennsylvania, 8. 408.

Ladrone Islands, Magellan discovers,
2. 442.

Lafayette, Marquis de, volunteers in

American cause, 10. 283; and
the Conway Cabal, 11. 51-53; at
Monmouth, 75; before Newport,
92, 95; seeks aid in France, 243;
suggests exchange of André for
Arnold, 277; tries André, 279;
campaign against Cornwallis, 323-
328; cuts off Cornwallis's retreat,
336.

Lake Champlain, Champlain crosses,
3. 359, 9. 66; strategic value,
327; operations on, in 1776, 10.
292-295.

Lake George, named, 9. 297; bat-
tle, 297-300. See also Fort Wil
liam Henry.

Lake Huron, discovery, 3. 359, 9.

86.

413; Magellan in, 413.

tions, 9. 99.

Lake Ontario, Champlain crosses, 3.

359, 9. 87.
Lake Superior, Jogues at outlet,
9. 100; explored, 101.
Lake Titicaca, Peru, cradle of Peru-
vian culture, 3. 102.
Lançarote, Portuguese

navigator,

on coast of Africa, 3. 374.
Lancey, James de, chief justice of
New York, tries Zenger, 8. 291,
292; Huguenot ancestry, 403.
Land, Crown rights to soil of colo-
nies, 4. 279, 6. 140, 332; size
of grants in Virginia, 5. 27, 28;
and in Massachusetts, 36; entail
in Virginia, 41; colonial pur-
chases from the Indians, 7. 157,
8. 187-191, 9. 238; quitrent
trouble, 8. 18, 179, 360; crown
lands become state lands, 12. 84.
See also Boundaries, Charters,
Grants.

Landais, Peter, conduct in fight with

the Serapis, 11. 157; discharged
from the navy, 160.
Landnáma-bók of Iceland, 1. 178.
Lane, Ralph, attempted settlement,
4. 37-39.
Langdon, John,

member of the

Federal Convention, 12. 271.
Langlade, Charles de, French trader,
destroys Miami trading village,
9. 267; at Fort Duquesne, 288.
Lansing, John, member of the Fed-

eral convention, 12. 267; quits,
301; opposes the Constitution,
408.

Las Casas, Bartolomé de, Apostle to

the Indians, authority on Colum-
bus, 2. 1, 4; History of the Indies,
2, 3. 309; attacks Vespucius,
2. 390-392; birth and family, 3.
259; bibliography, 259 n. ; early
years, 260; in Hispaniola, 261;
takes orders, 261; character, 261,
272, 310; character of his writ-
ings, 262-264; as a slaveholder,
273; in Cuba, 274; becomes an
abolitionist, 274-276; and Fon-

seca, 276, 284,285; and Ximenes,
277; Protector of the Indians,
277; and introduction of negro
slavery in America, 278-284; and
Charles V., 284; attempt at
colonization, 284-287; becomes
a Dominican, 288; obtains de-
cree against enslavement of Peru-
vians, 289; monastery in Guatema-
la, 290; idea of Christian conquest,
291; peaceful conquest of Tuzu-
lutlan, 292-300; in Spain, 301;
Destruction of the Indies, 301; and
the New Laws, 301; result of
his labours, 303; bishop of Chiapa,
305; final return to Spain, 306;
controversy with Sepulveda, 306-
308; and Philip II., 308; death,
310.

Latimer, Hugh, character and work,
6. 52, 53.

Latitude and longitude, vague calcu-

lations, I. 362.

Laudonnière, René de, Huguenot,
leads colony to Florida, 3. 343 ;
escape, 348.

Laurens, Henry, Huguenot ancestry,
8. 404; president of Congress,
II. 41; agent to Holland, cap-
tured, 190; plan to arm the ne-
groes, 206; peace envoy, 12.
26.

Laurie, Garvaine, interest in West
Jersey, 8. 163.

Lawrence, Richard, and Bacon's Re-
bellion, 5. 75, 78, 89, 101, 103;
disappears, 109.

Laws, Dale's code in Virginia, 4. 194;
early enactments of Virginia legis-
lature, 288-294; early enact-
ments in North Carolina, 5. 326;
Blue, 6. 166; Massachusetts'
first code, 313; Duke's, in New
York, 8. 3.

Lawson, John, surveyor general of
North Carolina, book, 5. 351;
captured and killed by Tuscaroras,
351; on North Carolina, 363.
Lawyers, in Virginia, 5. 311.