TYPOTHETÆ, UNITED, OF AMERICA-Continued. Cost of handling—-
Cost of handling second-class matter is less than that of any other class. While equipment generally is 51 per cent of weight, second-class is but 7 per cent. (Green)... Information as to relative space occupied by second- class matter to other matter, as compared with rela- tive weight to other matter; generally speaking, less relative space. (Green) ... –
Table of the weight and revenue by classes, weigh- ing of 1899. (Green)..
Increase of second-class causes increase of total reve- nue; tables.
Deficits do not follow increase of second-class; ob
Between 1894 and 1902 percentage of increase of sec- ond-class and of total revenue practically the same. (Green) The average of mail pay on these 49 routes obtained in, the first (erroneous) manner is $8.01 per 100 pounds irrespective of distance, while the express charge to the public is $4.07, of which the railroad, on the assumption of 50 per cent payment, receives $2.43. Figured at this price for the whole amount of mail pay, the excess is $29,000,000. That is the express on selected dense routes is compared with the entire mail pay for all classes of routes. (Green)
Probably would be a difference if unit of package were reduced. (Green)
Express rate obtained upon request, not stating whether it was for printed matter or not. (Green) Service rendered by railroads in mail transportation is substantially the same as in express transporta- tion. (Green).. Packages carried by express companies are not indi- vidual copies, but have a minimum weight of 5 or 10 pounds. (Green). Unable to state whether there is any difference in time between mail transportation delivery and express transportation and delivery on same char- acter of articles between the same points. (Green). Railway mail pay, overpayment--
Three lines of overpayment in railway mail pay. (Green)...
1. Rent for full railway postal cars. 2. The price of the first daily 5,000 pounds on roads exceeding 5,000 pounds.
3. Excessive price paid on all weight up to 5,000 daily pounds. (Green).
TYPOTHETÆ, UNITED, OF AMERICA-Continued. Railway mail pay, overpayment-Continued.
Cost of mail transportation compared with passenger transportation. (Green)..
Government pays excessive price for full postal cars. (Green).
Twenty dollars per ton per year per mile fair price. (Green)..
But make no claim for absolute connections. (Green). Table showing comparison of present rate with $20 per ton per mile rate on 23 routes. (Green) If railway mail pay be cut down to $20 per ton flat, the resulting saving-$22,347,805.18-would per- mit all printed matter to be mailed at 1 cent per pound and leave a small surplus in postal revenue. (Green)..
Even at $20 per ton (1 cent per pound) second-class matter would be carried at a loss of 7 per cent on the weight of the equipment alone, not to mention the expense of handling. of handling. Mail being a producer of railway business, railways should consider that circumstance in adjusting mail revenue to passenger revenues.
Recommendations
1. Weighing mail every year.
2. Uniform postage rate of 1 cent per pound for all printed unsealed matter, whether periodical or
3. Forbidding further interference with any printed matter which does not violate law and annulment of any existing statutes attempting to do so. A rate of 1 cent for 4 ounces of merchandise up to a limited weight.
In any event, repeal of the clause in act 1879 ex- cluding any printed matter not violating the law. Repeal of the provision by which publishers of periodicals published less frequently than once a week are deprived of local delivery at pound rate. (Green)
Second-class matter as producer of first class—— The per capita of the mail has increased from 66.4 cents in 1880 to $1.34.1 in 1900. This all due to stimulation of second-class matter.
Special value of second-class matter
Second class an indispensable factor in the prosperity of the country. (Green).
Between 1893 and 1903 ratio of revenue from second class to other revenue has not varied more than one-half of 1 per cent, remaining steadily between 3 and 4 per cent of whole revenue. (Green)... Deficit due to rapid expansion of rural free delivery. (Green)
TYPOTHETÆ, UNITED, OF AMERICA-Continued. Government free matter—
Weighing of 1899 showed that Government free mat- ter outweighed all first-class matter. (Green)....
All mail matter receiving the service should be charged the same price. If Post-Office Department is not receiving fair compensation for its handling, the price should be increased to all alike. (Green). Periodicals vs. other printed matter-
That a certain weight of printed matter is or is not issued periodically makes no difference in value of what is printed nor affects the cost of carrying it. (Green).
Railway mail pay: Comparison with express rate- Service for which railroads get $8.01 for mail ren- dered by express for $2.45). (Green) Comparison of express charge for 100-pound pack- ages on 49 routes with railway mail pay per 100 pounds on same routes, figured, however, not on actual payment on these routes, but by multiply- ing average mail pay for whole country per 100 pounds by number of miles in the special route selected. (Green)
All the routes selected were not above the average in density and therefore below the average in pay. (Green).
A more correct method would be to take the amount actually carried and the amount actually paid on each of these dense routes, obtaining the rate per ton mile and comparing it with the express rate for the same identical route, remembering that the express rate is through and the mail rate both through and local. (Green)
UNITED TYPOTHETÆ OF AMERICA (pp. 452-479). See Typo- thetæ, United, of America.
WALLACE'S FARMER (p. 253-272). See Agricultural Press. WALLACE, H. C. (p. 253-272). See Agricultural Press.
WEEKLY PUBLISHERS' ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA. Repre- sented by Collins. (New York Hearings, pp. 91–94.)
Express companies carry second-class publications 500 miles for 1 cent a pound. (Collins)
Express companies do not distribute at 1 cent a pound within a radius of 500 miles. (Kelly) - The Pennsylvania Railroad gives a 25-cent rate from New York to Philadelphia and a 50-cent rate on all lines east of Pittsburg. (Kelly) -
The average haul for magazines is within 500 miles. (Collins)
Average haul for a daily newspaper is less than 100 miles. (Collins).
The average distribution of county papers is not over
WEEKLY PUBLISHERS' ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA-Cont'd. The Weekly Publishers' Association would have no objection to a zone system of charges. (Collins).. The express companies forming practically a monop- oly. The exclusion from the mails of any part of the matter now mailable would result in an increase of express prices. (Collins).. The proportion of second-class matter that requires repeated handlings, either in the post-office or on railway mail cars, is infinitesimally small. (Noble)....
WEEKLY PUBLISHERS' ASSOCIATION. Represented by W. D. Boyce. (New York Hearing, pp. 311-355.)
The American Weekly Publishers' Association em- brace 4,121 publications and a circulation of 13,212,488
The standard county paper is a 6-column quarto, weighing 100 pounds to 1,000 copies, or 10 copies to the pound. (Boyce).
The subscription price ranges between $1 and $1.50 per year; the postage, except for free county cir- culation, being $0.52 per year. (Boyce)...
Eighty-seven per cent of the weekly publishers opposed to any law forbidding extending subscriptions on credit. (Boyce)..
No more reason for the subscriber to take his chance of getting the paper than the publisher the chance of collecting the price. (Boyce)
Copies sent after the subscription has expired should be counted as sample copies. (Lowater, Sup. Brief)
A large per cent of all matter is reprint from ex- changes. (Boyce).
98 per cent of publishers opposed to any alteration in law as to exchanges. (Boyce)..
Express and freight service
Periodicals carried by express companies and rail- roads at to cent per pound for 450 miles, which is greater than average haul of all mail matter of all classes. (Boyce).
The only justification for the free county privilege is that the good accomplished by the local paper offsets any cost it created in carrying or handling it." (Boyce) -
98 per cent of the weekly publishers opposed to any increase in the second-class rate. (Boyce). An increase would entail an increase in subscription price. (Boyce). -
WEEKLY PUBLISHERS' ASSOCIATION-Continued.
Increase of rate-Continued.
An increase to 2, 3, or 4 cents would put half of the publishers out of business and create a monopoly by those remaining. (Boyce).
It is a pretty general practice for the county weeklies to use "patent insides;" a plate matter, which is sent to them by express, however. Giving premiums is a common practice to secure new subscribers with all publishers. (Boyce)..
Sample copies, exchange and advertiser copies Ninety-eight per cent of publishers are opposed to any change in present law as to exchanges, free copies to advertisers, and samples. (Boyce). Sample-copy privilege incentive to papers with low subscription price not permitting of personal solici- tation. (Boyce).
In stating circulation it is customary to include the sample copies issued through the year. (Boyce).. Customary to use not more than 1 per cent of samples. (Boyce)..
Copies sent after the subscription has expired should be counted as sample copies. (Lowater. Brief.)
Second-class matter as producer of other classes
By reason of the first, third, and fourth class matter it creates second class, and should be carried at a loss. (Boyce).
WEEKLY PUBLISHERS' ASSOCIATION, represented by W. D. Boyce. (Washington hearings)
The American Weekly Publishers' Association be- lieve that the Post-Office Department should not attempt to regulate the character of advertise- ments. (Boyce)...
Canada- Ninety-six per cent of 4,652 weeklies, 96 per cent of 103 dailies, and 97 per cent of 7,185 monthlies think that the United States should be able to carry second-class matter as cheap as Canada. (Boyce)..
Ninety-eight per cent of 4,652 weeklies, 97 per cent of 103 dailies, and 97 per cent of 186 monthlies are in favor of a commission to which publishers can appeal. (Boyce).
Ninety-eight per cent of 4,652 weeklies, 99 per cent of 103 dailies, and 97 per cent of 186 monthlies are in favor of an appeal to the United States court. (Boyce) American Weekly Publishers' Association desire a trial by law and court near home. (Boyce)..
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