Jay's negotiations with Great Britain, that resulted in the treaty of 1794, (the next most important transaction of his public career, after the treaty of 1783,) and of the remaining portious of his political and private life. The parties that so long convulsed the Union had become in 1794 firmly established in the views which they respectively took of the policy of the country. The revolutionary party in France had propagated here to a great extent their wild notions of liberty and government, and found ardent supporters in the democratic societies that were formed in various parts of the United States. The zealous aid that the latter gave to Genet, the representative of France, who wished to involve this country in a war with Great Britain, is well known; while their bitter hostility to the policy of Washington, in his proclamation of neutrality, and in the other acts of his administration, of which Mr. Jay was an honest, strenuous, and able supporter, made that gentleman obnoxious to the democratic party, to an extent that can hardly be imagined at the present day. The firmness of Washington saved the country from an immediate contest; and he determined to make one more effort to avert from his country the evils of war. To this end, he nominated John Jay, as the most fit man for minister plenipotentiary to the court of St. James; and, after a stormy debate by those of the senate who were determined to have no good understanding with Great Britain, seconded by the enemies of the national administration throughout the country, the nomination was confirmed by a large majority. Mr. Jay consented with reluctance, at the urgent solicitation of Washington and his friends, and, with the wish rather than the expectation of being able to accomplish the object of his mission, to accept the appointment. He inimediately proceeded to England, and commenced negotiations with Lord Grenville. Fortunately for the country, the discussions were between gentlemen who entertained a high regard for each other, and who conducted this difficult business with the most perfect candour and good faith of men who ardently desired national, reconciliation, and in this spirit, one objection after another, that often appeared insurmountable, was removed, and a treaty was finally concluded." The Knickerbocker; or, New York Monthly Magazine. August. We have Just noticed an American review; here we have an American Magazine, and a very pleasant one it is. Anna Erizzo, a Tale of Venice," is not without merit. "Parables, from the German of Krummacher," are pretty, and we shall probably quote some of them in a future number. Phrenology" finds a clever defender in Timothy Flint. The "Examination of Burke's Theory of the Sublime," shews some metaphysical tact. Besides these articles, the number contains a tale of some length and interest, some literary and biographical notices, and several short poetical articles, one of which we shall tract. It is from a female pen. ex THE BRIDE. They brought me to another land, To dwell with strangers, and to be ters of commissariat than of either tactics or strategy. Instead of a chronicle of battles, we have in general a chronicle of leeches, or at least, of their supply; and neither the personal nor the public memoir of the marshal are treated with spirit. The stupid official decrees of the Commissaries du Government are set forth at full length, as indeed is every sort of trumpery document which seems to have come into the compiler's hands, but he has had the fortune of escaping any that could be considered of importance. As this book in reality does not add anything to history, we shall content ourselves with translating from it an account of the perasonal appearance of the marshal. I tread their fairy halls at night, added But yet I feel, my heart would give So proudly by the shore; I lov'd upon the dark green rock my FOREIGN ARTICLE. brow Mémoirs du Marechal Ney, Duc d'Elchin- Bull. "He was tall, strong, well-built, largemotions denoted vigour and health. A body shouldered; everything in his attitude and of iron contained his soul of fire. His complexion with but little colour, his large forehead, his lower lip and chin slightly advanced, his features strongly marked, without being harsh, gave to his countenance a masculine and severe air. The activity of his ideas, his lively impressions, were deeply depicted upon his face. The play of his features represented with candour and energy the sentiments which agitated his mind. The fatigues of the war during its last years had rendered the marshal almost bald. His bright-coloured hair had formerly obtained for him among the soldiers the nickname of Pierre le Roux, or the Lion Rouge as they used to call the emperor Le Petit Corporal; and when in a decisive moment they used to hear his cannon roaring from a distance, they were in the custom of saying among themselves Le Lion Rouge Grogne, tout va se débrouiller Pierre le Roux ainsi."" One e of the most piquant anecdotes of the book is somewhat connected with this growling of the Lion Rouge. One of his officers, a gentleman of tried valour, asked him one day if he had ever been afraid. Ney answered, summing up in one word profound indifference for danger, forgetfulness of death, intensity of mind, and the perpetual occupation of a commander-in-chief on the field of battle, I never had time. Ney s life is still to be written; and, what is more, the campaign in which he originally served still wants a historian. Without detracting from the military merits of Napoleon, it is by no means fair that the early revolutionary campaigns are to be cast into the shade by his. Dumourier, Pichegru, Hoche, Moreau, had not their armies formed to their de-writer of this book, that the campaign of 1794 hand, as he had; and yet their campaigns were really wonderful. We agree with the was unequalled. The army," he says, was assembled on the 3d of June, 1794, without marched against the enemy, which covered artillery, and almost without ammunition; it our frontier, and occupied our fortresses. They territory: they did more pursued them to broke the enemy, drove them out of our the other side of the Sambre, and defeated them in seven great battles. On the 15th IN our first notice of these volumes we it to antivia bocoping the good piler seems to think much more of the mat- and 28th of June at Fleurus; the 1st of July at Mount Palissel, before Mons, at the camp | In the composure of this happy place and 158 mortars. They had at the end 450 pièces de campagne, ammunition for a year, more than 20 millions of cartridges. Their parks consisted of 1368 bouches a feu-all being the result of six months of perseverance, and the fruit of six months of fighting." We need hardly say what a preparation this was for the further triumphs of Napoleon; and yet nobody even says a word of the campaigns of the preceding generals. this war they made a most distinguished figure. In We confess that we could hardly help laughing at the plans laid down in these volumes for defeating and baffling Lord Nelson at sea: (vol. ii. p. 200, &c.) Lord Nelson was to have been thoroughly beaten, but we may as well wind up with the old sea phrase, "You may tell that to the marines, for the sailors will not believe it." OUR OLDEN AUTHORS. WILLIAM CHAMBERLAYNE. THIS author was a physician and a zealous cavalier. In 1658 he printed a tragi-comedy called "Love's Victory," which, in 1678, was brought on the stage, and reprinted under the title of "The Wits led by the Nose; or, a Poet's Revenge." But his great work is "Pharonnida: a heroick poem." It is divided into five books, and each book into five cantos. The structure bears some resemblance to Davenant's Gondibert; and the poem displays many beauties, which are, however, obscured by a versification insufferably bad. This defect alone has barred the author's claim upon posterity. The following description of the abode and household of Ariamnes, is not without merit. None were drest Each servant there excels First when, then how his lord's command to do: None more enjoy'd than was enough, none less, All did of plenty taste, none of excess, Extracted from all compound virtues we better. "Either in Each action of the others did begin Their oracles in unknown characters; when In forms disguised they here convers'd with men. Like the amorous vine, When crawling o'er the weeds it strives to twine Embraces with the elm, he stands; while she The last canto of the fifth book opens "If on those vanish'd heroes that are fled then Brave emulation of those braver men Engravings from the Works of the late No cabinet of engravings will be complete without this splendid work, the cele brity of which does not depend upon the fleeting breath of fashion. Time will but add to its value. We trust that the proprietors will meet with the encouragement which they so well deserve; and, at all events, they have the consciousness of having raised a At the end of the second book is a re- noble monument of British art. 0. of this celebrated picture. Major's Cabinet Gallery. Vol. II. No. I. depending upon them. To this confidence for safety or concealment. The painter has This collection of Mr. Major's has met with must be imputed that originality of manner left all this to conjecture; nor will the large great and deserved popularity, both from by which he may be truly said to have ex-square block of stone, against which a man tended the limits of the art. After Rubens is leaning, or on which the image of one is the excellent choice and engraving of the sub-had made up his manner he never looked out sculptured, help us to decide. Wilson's jects, and the comments of Mr. Allan Cun-of himself for assistance; there is, conse- landscapes please the eye and awaken curioningham, himself an artist and a poet," and therefore no mean judge of the noble per- to be taken from other masters. If he has ruins which he makes so interesting-the quently, very little in his works that appears sity: we desire to know the history of the formances which he criticises. The number borrowed anything, he has had the address story of the lake, by the side of which his contains three engravings; one from Paul Veronese, another after Wilson, and a third to change and adapt it so well to the rest of fancy raises a tomb or a solitary column: his work, that the theft is not discoverable.' his very trees breathe of hoary antiquity, and represents the famous "Chapeau de Paille." "These sentiments are worthy of Rey-may have carried their heads to the sun when The following is Mr. Cunningham's opinion nolds, who perceived the wide-reaching sym- the Norman shafts flew at Hastings, or the pathy of Peter Paul to all things animate or bard of Wales sang his last sad song on the inanimate that had any claim to the beauti-Conway side. Wilson was of the past, ful. Rubens felt the lofty and likewise the Gainsborough was of the present. The forhumble, the devout and the comic, the gran- mer saw visions of ancient glory: earth, in deur of human nature, the splendour of the the splendour of all its temples; what time it blooming earth, or of the smiling heavens. was inhabited by patriarchs, when nymphs His women are often lovely, they are always were in the fountains, fauns in the forests, natural and easy, and full of health; his god- and Jove held his court visible on Olympus. desses have less of the ethereal about them The latter saw grosser and more material than what a flight from pole to pole, which things: forest glades, with deer trooping some of them are taking, seems to require, under the boughs; dales, on which milchbut when it is his pleasure to gather them cows grazed mid-leg deep in clover, retired together on Olympus, the grass below and the nooks, in which gipsies had fixed their tion of their beauty." clouds above seem kindling with the reflec-roving encampments, or roads along which boors conducted their stock to market under "The 'Chapeau de Paille,' or, as some say, more accurately perhaps, Chapeau de It Nos. 1. and 2. Mr. Poil the beaver hat-is the likeness of Mademoiselle Lundins, a young lady much admired by Rubens, and on whose beauty he employed all the mastery of his pencil. was purchased privately of the Von Haveren family, who inherited it from the painter, and is now in the collection of Sir Robert Peel, bart., where the genius of British art has found it some worthy companions. The Chapeau de Paille of Rubens and the Lady Peel of Sir Thomas Lawrence are nigh each other, and no one can well avoid comparing their merits. The former is a wonderful piece of expression and colour; the peculiar We think that Mr. Cunningham is some-the light of the sun: these were the visions head-dress seems to have been chosen by the what too lavish in his praise of the ladies of which appeared to Gainsborough, and he painter for the purpose of calling out all the Rubens: the robust charms of his favourite found them profitable." witchery of his art, and to show how easily wives, and the exuberant beauties of his My Sketchbook. By George Cruikshank. genius could triumph over obstacles and turn Dutch milkmaids, are surely not suited to them into beauties: in the latter there is a represent the immortal beings whom, in his It is in vain to attempt a description of this something diviner still-a more exquisite numerous and clumsy allegories, he loves to work. We have subjects of all kinds : serious, loveliness, a sweeter expression about the pourtray. For instance, in the hundred yards satirical, humorous, pathetic; and, if we mouth, and such liquid lustre of the eye, as of canvass, which the artist covered at the might give an opinion, we should prefer the cannot well be rivalled in modern art. Ru-order of Mary de Medicis,one is almost insult- serious parts of this strange gallery to the bens excels in vigour of colour and in greater ed by the gross displays which are made by the ludicrous. In this latter quality, of course, audacity of handling; Lawrence in purity of innumerable Fames, Venuses, and mermaids there is nobody can compete with hue and delicacy of sentiment-both have the sentiment seems gross, the forms Cruikshank; we wish he had more occasion vulgar; and the faults are heightened by the to exercise his more serious vein. As an produced masterpieces. very excellency of the colouring. The same instance of this excellence, which the world fault may be found with the Chapeau de is not willing to allow to Mr. Cruikshank, Paille; for the figure, though (in some de- we would quote the sheet of Napoleons, in gree) clothed and covered, has a share of the the first number. These viguettes are drawn bad taste and bad drawing which too fre-in half a dozen lines, but it is impossible quently disfigure the works of the great to describe the admirable sentiment which pervades them. In the second part is a The engraving, however, from Wilson, little landscape; which occupies about half aud the account given of it by Mr. Cunning- an inch of the first page, and is as comham, are admirable. We give his own elo-plete and beautiful as though it filled a sixquent description, which, whether as a writer foot canvass. There is certainly no artist or as an artist, is equally creditable to him. who can in a few scratches convey so much "The picture, from which the very beau-feeling, satire, or humour (as it may be), tiful engraving before us is taken, belongs to as Mr. George Cruikshank. We have no the collections of the united families of Mon- doubt that, hasty as they may seem, these tague and Scott, and is at Kettering, in slight sketches are the result of much Northamptonshire. It depicts a lonely house, thoughtful labour; but they are, we fear, the quiet waters by,' and, like all Wilson's lost on the public, who will persist in conperformances, unites the past with the pre-sidering one of the cleverest painters of sent, and both with poetry. By the lake nature of our day as a mere caricaturist. side, and forming seemingly a part of The Times, for instance, in a sage article, the entrance to the house, stands a small structure, with a cross cut on its front, which gives a religious air to the place: on the other side of the lake a rude mass, something like a ruin gray,' arises; while in the foreground we have rocks, roughly uppiled either by the hand of nature or of man, forming a shattered fence, which, in other days, enclosed what was probably a tower "Reynolds, in his Journey through Flanders and Holland, calls this an admirable portrait of Rubens, known by the name of Chapeau de Paille, from her having on her head a hat and feather airily put on; it has a wonderful transparency of colour, as if seen in the open air. "There is a singular freedom of hand and prodigality of genius in the compositions of Rubens; he unites the imagination and loftiness of the historical with the truth and reality of the domestic, and in doing so has obtained perhaps more extensive fame than any other painter. Fifty feet square of wall, or two hundred yards of canvass, which would swallow up the united genius of half an academy, only stimulated the Fleming to greater exertion, and with such success did he conceive his design and apply his colours, that it is allowed by all his largest pictures are his best, Rubens,' says Sir Joshua, 'appears to have had that confidence in himself which it is necessary for every artist to assume when he has finished his studies, and may venture in some measure to throw aside the fetters of authority; to consider the rules as subject to his control, and not himself subject to the rules; to risk and to dare extraordinary attempts without a guide, abandoning himself to his own sensations, and artist. the other day, on a vulgar series of drawings with the title of "Cruikshank v. the New Police," was pleased to say that they were the most masterly performances which had ever come from Mr. Cruikshank's pencil. They were, in fact, the work of Mr. Robert Cruikshank, whose publishers seem very willing to aid in deceiving such boobies as the critic in "the Times," and passing off the careless productions of Robert Cruikshank, as the work of his more famous and talented namesake, George! We have had the pleasure of seeing an excellent sketch in oils by Mr. George Cruikshank, representing the flight of Tam O'Shanter. We trust to see many such; and many more finished pieces from the same hand. Valpy's National Gallery of Painting and Sculpture. Part III. THE GRAVE OF HOPE. ture of the work. The present number con- London. Wilson. The third part of this interesting work contains engravings of pictures by Guercino, Wilson, Ludovico Caracci, West, Velasquez, Gainsborough, Gaspar Poussin, Parmegiano, Rubens, Reynolds, Vandyck,and of the third of Hogarth's immortal series of Marriage-a-laMode. Wilson's "Niobe" is one of his greatest Alfred Crowquill is a very clever fellow, works. Nothing can be more finely managed and those who are in search of mirth will than the foaming water in this picture. find it in his Folio. Here are four sheets Gainsborough's" Market Cart," is a delight- of drollery, at which even the most fastidiful specimen of that genuine master of Eng-ous must feel an inclination to elongate the lish landscape. mouth. We cannot go through all; we will therefore name what we think the best article upon each sheet. Upon the first (which is devoted to illustrations of the drapery trade,) we are most pleased with "good stuff for lining,"—a noble piece of roasting beef triumphantly borne on a tray by a jolly butcher. On the second, the "pair of old snuffers;" on the third, "a roaring trade," (a fishwoman;) The biographical sketches of the various painters are interesting to the lovers of art; and the criticism is judicious and spirited. The "Caraccii" gives occasion to the following remarks: ORIGINAL POETRY. ON THE PICTURE OF A BEAUTIFUL GIRL Fair creature with the laughing eye, That crown which late his brow had bound But where are all their glories now? "One is led to wonder how the knowledge of modern artists is so circumscribed, with their superior advantages. Raphael died at thirty-three, and left two figures in sculp-aud on the fourth, "This man gives no quar-That forms of long past pleasures wear. ture: he was an architect and poet. Buona-ter," are our favourites. rotti added to these accomplishments the active practice of engineering and architecture. To master the painting of portraits of a middling degree of merit in the execution, is now the whole labour of an artist's life, and a high degree of skill in this walk of art is found to be incompatible with any different kind of acquirement. It is difficult to discover whence this universality of knowledge among the Italian artists proceeded; perhaps there is a more active power of acquisition among the southerns, besides a more unrelaxing love for art, considered without relation to the means of subsistence. What enthusiasm they possessed! Lodovico and his relations founded a school of painting by their own genius and assiduity. His cousin, Anniball, worked for ten years on the Farnese Gallery for five hundred crowns, but that did not abate his love of art. Many of these old masters were good engravers also. Then, their high philosophic tone of thought and reflection! Buonarotti's go-cart, hourglass, and ancora imparo, are a sentiment worthy of Socrates or Bacon." Illustrations of the Poetical Works of Sir This work has its origin in the success which has attended the illustrations of the novels of Sir Walter Scott, and we cannot doubt, but it will be as popular as its predecessor. It is the intention of the proprietor to introduce in the series illustrations of the heraldic and antiquarian details so profusely scattered through the poems of the Scottish Ariosto. This will be a new aud very interesting fea That tells of other years, And mourn her now with tears! When the bright day was gone! 'Neath summer's sunny skies! That vanishes with sleep, Or like the bright and joyous beam And we were left to weep! And mourn'd her death with tears! For groans, and shrieks, and sighs, resound, SCIENCE AND ART. BRISTOL AND LONDON RAILWAY. THE general advantage of railways is no longer to be considered a speculative opinion. They have invariably conferred an additional value upon the property contiguous to them; and this fact establishes their claim to be considered as national undertakings, contributing to the permanent wealth of the country. The establishment of a railway for the important purpose of connecting the western districts with the metropolis, an object long desired, has been resolved upon, after a minute investigation, conducted by the municipal corporation of Bristol, in concert with the other public bodies of that city. This 1 work is recommended by peculiar local advantages. The actual amount of travelling on the line of the projected railway is greater even than is commonly supposed; it exceeds, in fact, that on any other road to an equal distance from London. This road forms the communication of the metropolis and its vicinity westward, with Windsor, Reading, Oxford, Cheltenham, Gloucester, Stroud, Bath, aud Bristol. Daily communication to a very large extent takes place by coaches from the latter places to the west and south-west of England, including the clothing districts of Wilts, Somerset, and Gloucester, Wells, Bridgewater, Taunton, Exeter, Plymouth, Devonport, Falmouth, &c.; and by steamboats, with the ports of the Bristol Channel, South Wales, and Ireland. On considering these various and extensive sources of revenne to the railway, the amount, which will subsequently be stated, will excite no surprise. But the additional facility of intercourse afforded by the establishment of a railway, will infallibly multiply the present large number of travellers. The new mode of communication will also afford an improved conveyance of goods; it will encourage manufactures in the vicinity of the coal fields which surround Bristol, and in both these ways promote the commerce of that port: it will diffuse the advantages of the vicinity of towns over the whole tract of country intersected by it; it will increase the supply of provisions to the metropolis, as well as to those towns, and extend the market for agricultural produce; it will also give considerable employment to the labouring class, both during its construction, and by its subsequent effects; and will greatly enhance the value of property in its neighbourhood. The country has been carefully examined, and a survey executed, comprising sections, &c. of various lines, which will afford the proprietors the power of choosing the most eligible. One line, which is about 120 miles in length, passes through a favourable country, consisting chiefly of gravel, chalk, and freestone, and, if adopted, will be more nearly level than that of any other extensive railway yet projected. This circumstance will facilitate the speed of the locomotive engines; will diminish the power required, and, consequently, the expense. A lithographic sketch of this line has been published. Entrance to London, Bristol, and Bridges and masonry, exclusive of that of the tunnels Minor depôts and stopping places ter stations 50,000 veyed, or for the new traffic which so cheap, certain,and rapid a mode of conveyance, would 340,000 unquestionably introduce. It is probably, therefore, much below what might safely be depended upou. 223,000 From the gross revenue must be deducted the annual expenses of maintenance and of 835,300 the locomotive power. These expenses on 474,800 the Liverpool and Manchester railway, from causes chiefly referable to the novelty of the 520,700 undertaking, and therefore to inexperience 13,000 in its execution and arrangements, have been 15,000 hitherto unexpectedly heavy; amounting, exclusive of interest, to nearly eleven-twen78,500 tieths of the gross receipts. But, even supposing them to become equally heavy on the £2,550,300 great western railway, and the revenue also to remain stationary at the above estimate― neither of them very probable suppositions— the receipts would still afford a dividend of twelve per cent. on the capital. Add 10 per cent. to cover contin- A carefully conducted inquiry into the sources vellers by coaches and posting, The actual quantity of cattle pass 302,118 8 The estimate of revenue includes no portion of the canal or coasting trades, nor any of the following items; although there is no doubt that, when the railway shall have been brought into operation, they will form a very important part of its business and revenue. All increase in the quantity of cattle, fresh provisions and agricultural produce, especially of the more perishable kinds, conveyed from Ireland, from Wales, from the west of England, and from the vicinity of the line; the coal of Gloucestershire, Somersetshire, and Monmouthshire; lime and building ma107,765 15 terials: ing along the line, at about half The construction of a road so nearly level, The sums in the table of estimated revenue in the hilly country about Bath and Bristol, will, however, be a costly work. The liberal are not mere calculations founded on the allowances made for this and for the other assumption of probabilities; but have been requisite expenses, are the causes of the deduced from a careful inquiry into facts. large amount of the estimate of cost. This Thus, the number of coach passengers has estimate has been carefully examined by se- been found by stamp-office returus of the veral gentlemen practically acquainted with coaches. The number of persons posting the details of similar works, and is pro-has been estimated by counting the number nounced by them to be considerably beyond of carriages drawn by post horses, at the sum necessary for the completion of the different points of the line; the goods have undertaking. This is as it always should be. been determined by ascertaining the number The projectors have put forth the following of waggons and other public conveyances; and the amount of cattle has been obtained from the most respectable salesmen. statement. The estimated cost of the undertaking, for the completion of which four, or, at the utmost, five years will be required, is as follows: Parliamentary, and other preliminary expenses £50,000 In that estimate a very low prospective increase in travelling is assumed; and no credit whatever is taken for increase in the quantity of goods of the descriptions at present con Fresh foreign fruit, especially oranges and lemons; early cargoes of Mediterranean fruit, and such other articles of foreign produce as it may answer to send by the railway. Such goods, including the manufactures of the west of England and South Wales, as will not bear the expense of the present modes of land-carriage, or which cannot be sent by sea, except at great disadvantage, partly from delay, and partly from risk of damage: The products of such manufactories as may be established in the vicinity of Bristol, in consequence of the combined advantages afforded by the neighbourhood, of coal and of the railway. It can scarcely be doubted that the proposed railway will be highly beneficial to the commerce of the country, and especially to the agriculture, trade and manufactures of the vicinity of the line, of the west and south west of England, as well as of South Wales and Ireland; and to the value of property throughout the tract of country within its influence: and that it will afford a safe and profitable investment to those who may embark their property in its construction. CALENDAR OF BRITISH ZOOLOGY FOR By James Rennie, Esq. Lay up a stock of vegetable provisions for Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris, RAY) |