From these considerations the committee are brought to the conclusion that the property in, and jurisdiction over, the lands occupied by the Creeks within the state of Georgia are not exclusively possessed by that state, but are subJet to the rights guarantied to the Creeks, or reserved to the U. States by the constitution of the United States, by the compact of 1802, by the provisions of law, or by treaty.

It remains only to ask, whether the occupancy of the sanall portion of lands now in controversy is reserved to the Creek nation, and on what right Georgia claims to sur

ver it.

Georgia claims the right to survey it, under the treaty of the Indian Springs, but the committe are of opinion that no right nor title could vest under that treaty, for the following reasons, in brief:

First. That treaty was negotiated not only contrary to instructions, but on a basis expressly forbidden by the executive, when previously submitted for his sanction.

Secondly. The treaty at the Indian Springs was concluded by a party of the Creek nation, not authorized by the Creek nation to treat for the cession of any lands.

Thirdly. The treaty was concluded by a minority, not merely of the principal chiefs of the nation, but by a minority of the chiefs present, and without regard to the protest of the head chiefs, made by their representative, both before and at the moment of executing the treaty.

structed the agent to urge the Creeks to a cession of all the
land east of the line, which Georgia has established for
herself. The preliminary steps for this cession require
no appropriation; and the committee deem it expedient,
by now making an appropriation for the final purchase,
either to fix on an inadequate, or an unnecessarily large
It is the result of the best view which the commit-
sum.
tee have been able to take of the subject, that no legisla-
tion upon it is at this time necessary,

In conclusion, the committee beg leave to observe, that they have given to this important subject all the time and attention they could command, at this advanced stage of the cession. They have felt how many great interests are concerned in the subject. The powers of the union, and the manner in which they have been exercised; the rights and interests of a sovereign state, and the proteetion due from the strong and the prosperous, to the feeble remnant of a once formidable race. Notwithstanding the collisions of opinion, which can rarely be avoided where such interests are involved, the committee think it may with justice be averred, that, in the general result, while the constitutional powers of the United States have been asserted, the great objects desired by Georgia have been attained, and the public sentiment of the world has not been disregarded, which requires a tenderness and moderation, in disposing of the rights of those, whom Providence has placed, without the means of resistance, at our discretion.

Fourthly. Supposing the commissioners authorized Such are the views which the committee had prepared and the chiefs empowered to treat, such authority and pow-themselves to submit to the house. By the message and er, could in no circumstances, extend beyond a cession of the lands occupied by the chiefs treating, and those accompanying documents yesterday referred to the comwho empowered them; whereas, by the treaty of the In-mittee, it appears, (if the governor of Georgia correctly dan Springs, a small party assumed to themselves the right to cede away nearly all the lands occupied by the

pation.

Fily. If the Creek nation was a party to the treaty of the Indian Springs, then it has been declared null and vold by the two parties to it, viz: the United States and the Creek nation; if the Creek nation was not a party to it, then it is no treaty at all, for it purports on its face to be negotiate with the Creek nation.

represents the other authorities and people of the state), that the prospect of a prompt and amicable termination of existing difficulties, is less flattering than had been hoped. To the letter of the secretary at war, informing the governor that the president, in consequence of the remiontrance and appeal of the Indians, would feel himselfcompelled, if necessary, to employ all the means under his control to mamtain the faith of the nation, by carrying the treaty of Washington into effect, the governor has return ed a direct defiance. Instead of submitting the decision For these reasons, on which the committee are pre- of the question to the tribunal provided by the constitution, ventei! or want of time from enlarging, they are of opin- he has issued orders to the attorney and solicitor general ion that, by a treaty like that of the Indian Springs, the of the state, to take all necessary and legal measures to Greek mation could not be divested of its right of occu-effect the liberation of the surveyors, who may be arrestpancy, nor Georgia vested with a right of possession, and th the lands west of the new treaty line having never been ceded away, are reserved to the Creek Indians by the treaty of Washington, and that the survey of them is con

tury to law.

The committee, however, are happy to add, that the inconvenience resulting from this circumstance is much less than was apprehended.

In a letter of governor Troup, to Messrs. Cobb and Berrien, dated 4th May, 1826, it is stated that, "unless all the sources of information here shall prove erroneous and deceptive, the state, (if the validity of the new treaty be admitted), has been defrauded of one million of acres of her best lands." But if the western boundary of Gcorga were run, according to a rigorous construction of ju some pomts the compact of 1502, it would pass

ed, under the authority of the government of the United States; and has directed them to bring to justice, by indietnient or otherwise, the officers of the United States, or others concerned in arresting the surveyors, as violators of the peace of Georgia. He has ordered the major generals of two divisions of militia to hold the regiments and battalions with their respective commands, in readiness to repel any hostile invasion of the territory of Georgia; and he has declared, in substance, that he shall regard the attempt of the United States to sustain the Indians by force, (which it will become their sacred duty to do, should all other means fail), in the occupation of the lands reserved to them by the treaty of Washington, as an attack upon the territory, the people, and the sovereignty of Georgia.

The committee will not take upon themselves to exeast of the Chattahouchie, and thus give her a boundary wlach she might consider less advantageous than the line press any opinion on the subject of counsels, so much to drawn by the treaty of Washington. If the western boun-be deplored. They have no apprehension that the peodary line be run sécording to the interpretation put upon | ple of Georgia will engage in violent collision with the the compact by the commissioners of Alabama, it would union, for the purpose of sustaining a title to a small strip leave Georgia less than she now claims. But granting of barren land, acquired under an instrument, which by a the erparte line, run by the Georgia commissioners, to very large majority of the other house of congress, sanebe the tene western hennday of the state, the quantity of tioned by an almost unanimous vote of this house, has unceded land, by the only eputation the committee has been declared “null and void.” If, however, it is necesis 198,63% a res, and that of a poor quality, being sary to contemplate so disastrous an event, the commitabout one ninety-eighth part of the lands, the Indian title te trust the law of the land will be maintained, and its to Chich, the United Sistes, in 1802, covenanted to ex-faith preserved inviolate. The committee recommend the adoption of the following resolations: tinguish for Georgin, as soon as it could be done reasonably and peaceably.

seen,

The small quantity of land in controversy, and its triSing value, render it probable, that the Indians will agree to ccde it. Inasmuch as the quantity depends on the direction which the line between Alabania and Georgia may take, it were to le wid ed that this line should be It Erst ren appears, however, that the excentive, from an earnest desire to meet the wishes of Georgia, Las in

|

Resolved, That it is expedient to procure a cession of the Indian lands, in the state of Georgia.

Resolved, That, until such a cession is procured, the law of the land, as set forth in the treaty of Washington, ought to be maintained, by all necessary, constitutional, and legal means.

PRINTED FOR TBL EDITORS, A THE FRANKLIN PRESS.

THIRD SERIES. No. 6-VOL VIIL]

BALTIMORE, APRIL 7, 1827 [VOL. XXXII. WHOLE No. 812

THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE.

edited and pUBLISHED BY H. NILES & SON, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.

There is no general rule without exceptions. to the "Register" of the 23th Feb. of that year, will be The vulgarity and profligacy of the "Washington City seen that he disavowed all future "pretensions,” and no' Gazette" and its worthy successor the "Washington Tele-man living has ever since heard him say that he was, or graph," have prevented any notice of the dirt and would be, a candidate for any public office or place whatstuff which they have east at the editor of this paper for soever. It is true, that I did not wish “Duff Green” several years past, well knowing that he might as well ex-elected, and once or twice said so-but advised" no pect profit or honor from a voluntary contest with a chim-one about him, not supposing it any more probable that ney-sweeper as with the editors of the papers just named, "Daff Green" would be chosen printer than appointed and that what either said was rightfully esteented by an chaplain to either house of congress, with picnary powenlightened public, and harmed him no more than theers to absolve all he pleased of their moral or political "idle wind which he disregarded." Here they were sins, or condemn others at will, because of his own intole permitted to have the quarrel wholly on their own libility to do any thing wrong! As, therefore" Mr. side, without replication or reproof, however willing Niles never "withdrew his pretensions," because he had I have always shewn myself to reason with reasoning not either thought of or preferred any, therefore Mv. men opposed to any opinions, doctrines or facts ad- Green's invention is, in its character and capacity, ens vanced by me, for the discovery of truth. Nay, I have tirely his own: secured too, without the necessity of tak carried my forbearance so far as to remain silent, though ing out a patent, whilst truth is esteemed amongst men. the editor of the "Telegraph," on several occasions, has The readers of the "Register" will, I hope, excuse this had the superlative and unprecedented meanness among repulsion of a gross assault. I feel able to defend myself, editors, (according to my best recollection), immediately and to carry the war into an enemy's camp too, if I please to attempt an arrest of the circulation of the "Regis--but it is not in the plan of this work to engage in per ter," because that it sometimes contained articles of-sonal brawls-and neither Duff Green, or" Rough Green," fensive to Mr. Green and the managers", by their ap- shall cause me to change it. prehended effect to impede the progress of impudent assertion or unblushing misrepresentation, concernTHE WOOLLEN MANUFACTURE. A very respectable ing matters of deepest public concern. This may be gentleman, speaking of this subject in a letter to the consistent with the new rules adopted, but is utterly editors, says "I should be particularly gratified to see repugnant to the old doctrines of democracy-Jefferson an article from your pen on the woollen manufacture of said, that "error of opinion might safely be tolerated, this country, which now languishes so much. It is a setwhen reason was left free to combat it;" but it is passion,tled fact that, unless something be done by congress at the and not reason, which is the guide of these men and they next session, that that great branch of domestic industry feel their self-pride wounded and their fury excited, be-will be entirely abandoned, and then it will be distinctly cause others will not get as "mad" as themselves. With seen whether the consumer obtains his cloth any cheaper. this same Mr. Green, (if I was rightfully informed, Stock may be purchased at this time in the best established except that I heard him called "Rough Green" instead woollen factories in New England for fifty cents upon of "Duff Green," (which last, of his own shewing, ap- the dollar, and generally it will not command near that pears to be his proper name), while yet editor of a price. It is to be regretted that the question of protecwicked little paper in Missouri, in Sept, 1825, I had tion to this article of our own manufacture could not have a brief controversy-for it was so rudely and inde-been settled at the last session of congress upon its merits, cently conducted on his part, as to place a gulf be independently of local or political considerations, in which twixt him and me not to be passed," and yet I said case an appeal to the next congress would not have been that if such conduct and proceedings pleased his read-necessary. Most of the opposers of the bill lately be ers, my hearty consent was given that he should make fore congress, seemed to lose sight entirely of the im the most of them." [See vol. 29, page 162.] I shall portant fact, that, immediately upon the receipt in Engnot now descend to pass the gulf alluded to, by enter-land of the tariff law of 1824, the British government ing into controversy with Mr. Green, and he may go reduced the duty upon imported wools from six pence on to abuse a non-resisting man as long as he pleases, sterling to one penny per pound, making a difference of keeping clear only of that which may introduce him into about thirty per cent. I do hope that, in another year, the a court of justice. There may be occasions, however, wool growers will demand of congress what the manufac like the one now before us, (facts being involved inpli-turers asked this year. cating others than ourselves), when it will seem proper to deviate from this course, that misrepresentation or falsehood may be exposed.

The "Washington Telegraph" of Saturday last says "The signs of the times had alarmed the whole of the coalition party before the adjournment of the late congress; and therefore it was that Mr. Niles withdrew his pretensions for the public printing, and advised his friends to vote for any body, rather than let Duff Green get it." So far as "Mr. Niles" is concerned, (and he shall not trouble himself further about the matter), the sentence just quoted is criminally ignorant or wickedly false. Mr. Niles "had no more pretensions for the public printing" than either of the "senators" who voted for "Duff Green." "Mr. Niles" was seduced into an application for the place of printer to congress, in 1825, and abandoned by those who led him into the proceeding," but by referring

If aught from "our pen" can serve this great in terest, it shall not be wanting. We have collected and have in preparation for publication, much important matter bearing upon it. In our opinion, every class of society in the United States is deeply concerned in the Prosperity of this business-especially the farmers, as was shewn in a late article in this paper. Superadded to the manifest advantages attendant upon the establishment of this manufacture, there nothing more clear to our mind than this-that our woollen factories have already caused a large reduction in the cost of goods to consumers; and that, if they are protected as the cotton manu factures are, the same efects will follow in a few years say 4 or 5. That is, that woollen goods will be thirty forty or fifty per cent. cheaper than their former average regular prices; and the home market for wool will cireulate among the farmers, at the end of the period stated, not less than thirty millions of dollars a year. Shall the creation of this mighty value be lost on account of local considerations, party combinations or visionary fears? Fears which, whenever tested by experience, have alw been instantly dissipated. Nay, we are prepared to ge further and say, that, with righttal encouragement, w

27

For the United States' Telegraph.

WASHINGTON CITY, MARCH 24th, 1827. SIR:-Uutil I saw your paper of last evening, I was no aware that the statement of which I complain had origi nated here. Had I observed it at the time it appeared, I certainly would not have allowed it to pass without an immediate and positive contradiction.

will become to our farmers what cotton is to our planters. Then followed some additional article in the Why should it not-why should such a result be resisted?"Telegraph," which is sufficiently explained by the note The low price of land in the United States, with the mo- annexed. derate taxes upon it, and the cheapness of subsistence for shepherds and others attending on the flocks, naturally point out our country as to be the greatest wool market in the world. Why should we neglect or refuse this splendid source of wealth and prosperity, which is so completely within our reach? But we shall take up this matter and discuss it at length-confident of success in bringing its facts home to the understandings and the pockets of those who will patiently hear us: and we do respectfully think, that the people ought to hear us, because that, thus far, so many of our calculations have been realized. Among them we shall just notice what we urged years ago as to the effects that would follow the extended cultivation of cotton, and the benefits that would result to the planters from the domestic manufacture of it. It is the last which, at this present time, preserves them from actual general ruin. Many of them see and know this-but the pride of opinion permits only a few to acknowledge it.

To prevent further misapprehension on the subject, I send you a copy of the decision in the case of col. Smith and major Miller, which I will thank you to publish as soon as you conveniently can; and I am sir, respectfully your obedient servant, TH. S. JESUP. Gen. Duff Green.

Decision in the case of majors Smith and Miller, by Thomas L. Smith and Thomas S. Jesup.

If to us is referred the question, simply as to the right that the challenged party has of naming the weapons with which he chooses to fight, we decide, from uniform usage, and particularly as the parties are officers, that major Miller has the right of naming swords or any other weaLAWS OF DUELLING! It is seldom that we notice "ho-pons. But, if we are called upon to form an opinion as norable meetings" between gentlemen, or insert a cor-derived from the correspondence as it has been exhibited respondence relative to duels projected or concluded, to us, we decide, that the proposition of lieut. McKeever, most heartily disapproving of this manner of adjusting in his note of the 1st instant, appears liberal and just, and conflicting opinions of right. But sometimes it happens, ought to be acceded to by major Miller. This opinion is as in the late case of the correspondence between the predicated upon the conviction that affairs of this kind, friends of gen. Metcalfe and Mr. McDuffie, that the mat-between honorable men, should be settled upon terms of ter therein contained was as if inseparably connected with the most perfect equality. THOMAS L. SMITH, other matter previously inserted, and that the whole THOMAS S. Jesup. would have been rendered imperfect, if the finale were omitted-and it is less to please ourselves than to afford full and impartial information to our readers, that we aim at; and we desire that the REGISTER shall be, as far as it is possible, a record of all events to which reference may be wished in after-time.

2d March, 1821.

WHAT IS TRUTH? The worst misrepresentations of facts are often made in the words of truth-take the following from the "New York Enquirer:"

Long speeches-It is a frequent charge, in certain quarWith respect to the correspondence between maj. Ha-ters, against the opposition, that they protracted needlessmilton and Mr. Clarke, the friends of Messrs. McDuffie ly the session of congress by their numerous and lengthy and Metcalfe, in which Mr. C. claimed the rifle, and speeches. Take a single question-that of gen. Saunders might have claimed the broad sword, as the weapon of his resolution, and count up the hours consumed by the speakfriend, (the challenged party), an account was originated ers for and against the resolutions, and the latter will be at Washington and published in the "Telegraph," stating found to have wasted more time than the former, in the it had been decided by a "court of honor" of which gen. proportion of four to one. Mr. Wright spoke five days, Jesup was a member, that a pistol was the only weapon Mr. Dorsey three, and Mr. F. Johnson five. with which persons might kill one another in a gentlemanly way, &c. The following paragraphs contain all that is necessary to a correct information on this subject. Weed-but the word "days" as applied to their speeches, have no comments to offer.

For the U. S. Telegraph.

Tuesday evening, March 20th, 1827.

[Now, several gentlemen, on the other side, also spoke three, four or five "days" or more, as much as those nam

Mr. Noah well knows, furnishies no more of a just idea as to the extent of the matter delivered, than may be solved by the question-if fifty rails make a cart-load, how many will it take to make a great big pile?" An hour in Sin: I observe a paragraph in your paper of this even-the morning is allowed, in the house of representatives, ing, copied from the New York Morning Chronicle, into the consideration of resolutions generally; and, on sewhich a most unwarrantable liberty is taken with my veral occasions, that offered by gen. Saunders was not name. Alluding to an affair of recent occurrence in this reached at all, because of the intervention of others: in no city, the writer remarks that "it was decided by a court case could the debate exceed one hour-in many, only a of honor, of which gen. Jesup was president, that the few minutes were occupied with it, and these minutes are PISTOL is the weapon sanctioned by custom on such occa-called a day.

sions." The public can take but little interest in the opi

nions of any individual on such a subject: I shall there- EUROPE. Much disquietude apparently exists in sevefore not obtrude mine; nor am I disposed to permit theral nations, and some of them are in a warlike attitude. supporters of either party to use my name in connection with the affair; but I owe it to myself to declare that the statement, so far as I am concerned, is entirely untrue. I hope you will do me the justice to give this note a place in your paper: and am, sir, respectfully your obedient servant,

THS. S. JESUP.

Spain and Portugal have not, by any means, settled their differences-the first seems to have the will, but to fear the want of ability, to assail the latter with any prospect of success, bolstered as Portugal is by England. * Spain has not yet acknowledged the constitutional government of her neighbor. The debates in the French chamber of deThe editors of the N. Y. Morning Chronicle, on puties shew a lofty spirit in the liberals. It will be recolrepublishing the preceding note, said "Our authority waslected that the Austrian minister had refused to acknowthe U. States Telegraphi”—and added, “now with re-ledge the titles of some of the marshals, because derived gard to taking unwarrantable liberty with gen. Jesup's from places subject to his master. This affair has been name, we shall take the further liberty of asking him, incidentally touched in the chamber-and the expressions whether he was not a member of the said court of honor, of disgust and indignation at the proceeding were loud and whether his denial that he was president, is not very and resolute-the days of the glory of France, and of the like a quibble? If he was in no way connected with this humiliation of Austria, were freely and proudly alluded to. court, let him say so in plain and positive terms, and France is quiet, but the elements of discord are powerful let him not exculpate himself by an evasive reply. As to within her. Italy seems to be in a feverish state, probathe general's sensitiveness about his name, we have to say bly because of the sufferings of the people. Naples rethat we shall use it whenever we please, provided we arequires the protecting care of Austria. Britain is filled satisfied with the authority on which we ground our state-with difficulties because of the miseries of her laboring wuts, as in the present instagice.” classes, and, the wisest heads and best hearts are wholly

at a loss how to relieve them. Her systems of revenue and expenditure must either be extensively modified, or altogether fail. The period of their duration is about to arrive. The war between Turkey and Greece still goes on-generally, it would appear, to the advantage of the fatter, though unaided and subjected to difficulties of every description-among them the want of food.

ing to the patriot, than it will be useful, and stimulating the intrepid youth of our country to enlist under our naval banner, that they also may secure similar honors and comforts for a "green old age."

"I speak the sentiments of my associates in the board of naval commissioners, when I say, that we feel the highest satisfaction in witnessing the deposit of the corner stone of an institution, which is calculated to secure so many advantages, and to confer so much happiness.

"And I humbly beseech Him who governs the sea and

who may here take shelter after an honorable “march on the mountain wave.”

CONSULS acknowledged by the president. Charles John Peshall, consul of his Britannic majesty for the state of North Carolina, to reside at Wilmington.

Frederick Augustus Mensch, consul of his majesty the king of Saxony, for the port of New York.

Richard Henry Douglass, consul of his majesty the king of Saxony, for the port of Baltimore, in the state of Maryland.

AMERICA. The southern states, with the exception of Mexico, in which things are not altogether quiet, are much disturbed-business is unsettled and property insecure.the land, to bestow his choicest benediction on all those, They are all feverish-through factions,-producing revolts, rebellions or revolutions. The war between Brazil and Buenos Ayres continues, and some small and indecisive battles take place. The emperor has returned to his capital. It is thought that the "unprofitable contest" will terminate during the ensuing summer. Some of the "flying schooners" from Baltimore have evaded the blockade and arrived at Buenos Ayres, and would make great voyages. Late visitors to Chili and Peru speak of those countries as being exceedingly exhausted. This is natural, seeing that labor produces so little in them, through the indolence or mis-management of the people. Chili, however, was rather improving, the cultivation of grain being more generally resumed. The finest wheat in the world, and any quantity of it, may be grown in this fertile Archibald Foster, vice consul of his imperial majesty country. We are anxious to learn what is the present the emperor of Brazil, for the state of Massachusetts, New condition and probable fate of Colombia, in consequence of Hampshire and Maine, to reside at Boston. the resignation of Bolivar. Bad, indeed, must be the state of a people when so much depends, or seems to depend, on the conduct of one man. It certainly shews us that republican principles are but little understood. We yet hope that Bolivar is honest; but think that he ought not to have retired just now. There is a "crisis."

Robert Ralston, jr. consul of his majesty the king of Saxony, for the port of Philadelphia, in the state of Pennsylvania.

OBJUGATORY PRAYERS. The following singular preamble and resolutions were introduced by Mr. Hay, a member of the New York legislature, in consequence of some allusions made by the rev. Mr. Alburtis, the chape lain to the house of assembly, in his prayer before that body on the morning of the 20th ult. to those who voted against the Greek bill, considering them worse than the Turks, &c. It was laid on the table, in order to give the reverend gentleman an opportunity of explaining.

IMPORTANT DECISION. It is stated in the Maine Argus that at "the late session of the supreme court of the United States, the question which divided the government of the union and the governors of Massachusetts and Con- Whereas, the rev. Mr. Alburtis, one of the chaplains necticut during the late war, was finally disposed of. It of this house, has on two occasions endeavored improperwas the unanimous opinion of the seven judges, that the ly to influence the votes of the members thereof, by praypresident of the United States is the sole and exclusiveing in express reference to a subject of legislation now unjudge whether any of the exigencies, (such as invasion, insurrection, &c.) enumerated in the constitution, have occurred, in which he is authorized to call out the militia of the several states. Consequently, neither the governor of the state, nor any of its officers or citizens, can refuse to obey the requisition of the president, when communicated to them in the regular mode."

der discussion, and supplicating Almighty God to make us willing to sacrifice our liberty; and whereas such prayers have a dangerous tendency, and may, if tolerated, restrain the freedom of debate and of action on this floor-Therefore,

Resolved, That the rev. Mr. Alburtis be requested by the hon. the speaker, to desist from the discussion in his prayers as one of the chaplains in this house, of the spect

NAVAL SURVEY. Commodore Bainbridge, with cap-fic subjects of legislation therein. tains Warrington and Morris, are now on a survey of the navy yards, hospitals, &c. in the north.

NEW JERSEY. A letter from a friend in New Jersey, and one who has long taken a distinguished part in the po onlitics of that state, informs us, "that a convention will as semble at Trenton sometime in August next, to consider of a revision of the constitution of the state. This convention will be composed of delegates from all or nearly all the townships, (about one hundred and twenty), and it is contemplated that the following will be the result of their deliberations:

NAVAL ASYLUM. In the vicinity of Philadelphia, Tuesday last, the corner stone of the naval asylum was laid with due ceremony, in presence of the navy commissioners and a number of citizens. After the stone had been properly secured, commodore Bainbridge, presisident of the navy board, delivered the following address: "The expense of the building which is about to commence under circumstances so auspicious, is defrayed out To obtain from the next legislature “An act” author, of a fund raised by the monthly contributions of the offi-izing the special meeting of a convention to revise the cers, seamen, and marines in the national service. These constitution. contributions commenced in the year 1796, and of course nearly contemporaneously with the origin of our naval establishment. By the fostering care of our government, the fund so raised has accumulated to a sam exceeding $200,000.

That the constitution, when so revised by a legally au thorized state convention, will, at the next annual election, be submitted to the people, who, by general vote over the state, will signify whether they accept or reject it. The wisdom of man cannot devise a better plan to give the people a government of their own choice.

"This joint stock is now about to be appropriated under the direction of government, to the purposes for which it was originally intended. A home will thus be established PENNSYLVANIA has declined to act concerning the for the faithful tar, who has been either worn out or proposed rail road from Baltimore to the Ohio river, as maimed in fighting the battles of his country-a comforta-desired by the projectors of that undertaking--but it is ble harbour will be secured, where he may safely moor, unimportant; for, however desirable it might be to have a and ride out the ebb of life, free from the cares and storms more enlarged range for the location of this road, it has not by which he has been previously surrounded. He will been thought by any one that it would touch the soil of here cheerfully and proudly live with his own messmates; Pennsylvania, except in its branches and these will be with the companions of his former sports, toils, and dan-made when the road shall be prepared for the transporta gers, and where they will animate each other, by recount-tion of commodities.

ing the pleasures which they enjoyed, the perils which Harrisburg, April 5. The bill providing for the fur they escaped, and the battles which they fought. A pic-ther extension of the Pennsylvania canal, passed the sex ture of happiness will thus be exhibited, not less gratify-rate, finally, on Tuesday last, by the following vote:

YEAS--Duncan, Emlen, Garber, Hawkins, Hay, Hunt, to claim it on the score of friendship, and as warm an inKelley, Kedin, Knight, Leech, Moore, Petrikin, Power,terest in the success of your enterprise as any Briton can Ray, Ryon, Sullivan, Sutherland, Winter-18. feel. Hoping, therefore, that you will not permit my name Nays-Allshouse, Audenried, Dunlop, Hambright, to perish upon the earth, but will proclaim it to the north Hamilton, King, Logon, Man, Schall, Seltzer, Sturgeon, pole in an everlasting voice, I wish you a most happy and Mahon, Speaker-12. successful voyage."

Absent Mr. Herbert, of Adams, Mr. Kitchin, of Bucks, and Mr. Ogle, of somerset.

On the same day, the bill was carried to the house of representaires, and the amendments made thereto by the senate were concurred in, by the following vote:

ALABAMA. The legislature of Alabama, at its last session, passed an act to prohibit the importation of slaves into that state for sale or hire. The act provides that any person carrying negroes into the state after the first day YEAS-Messrs. Atkinson, Beatty, G. Bell, Bell, (Leb.) of August next, for sale or hire, shall be liable to a fine Binder, Blair, Bonsall, Boyd, Brown, (Allegh.) Burden, of $1,000 for each negro so carried into the state, and imCummin, Cunningham, Deany, Dorrance, Duncan, Eld-prisonment. It further provides that persons who carry red, Ellis, Fackenthall, W. Foster, W. B. Foster, Haines, slaves into the state for their own use, shall not sell or Harrison, Hergesheimer, Ibric, Kennedy, Kerr, Knight, hire them within two years of their arrival. Lawson, Lehman, M'Chure, M'Crcery, M Ewen, M'Reynolds, Madden, Martin, Matthews, (Cam.) Matthewson, FRAIL TENURE. Lord Liverpool, the British premier, Meredith, J. Miller, R. Miller, Patterson, Pearson, has had an attack of the palsy and appoplexy, and was not Pennypacker, Petrikin, Rankin, Ringland, Scudder, Shan-expected to recover, and Mr. Canning was sick. The illnon, J. R. C. Smith, P. Stephens, Thomas, Thompson, ness of these persons had produced a “great panie” in Whitlatch, Wilson, Wise, Woolverton, Ritner, Speaker the stock market, and caused the funds to fall two per cent. Now a president of the United States and a secre NAYS-Messrs. Agnew, Aughinbaugh, Bell, (West.) tary of the treasury might depart this life, however much Bonner, Boyer, Brown, (Lan.) Bayers, Cooper, Cope, regretted by their personal friends and mourned for by Dillinger, Dunlap, Evans, Farrel, Gebhart, Good, Hotten- the nation, without any real or supposed effect upon our stein, Irwin, James, Krepps, Lauman, M Bride, M Sher-funds at all. No one would think of associating the perry, Mathers, (Mont.) Matts, Nicholson, Rahn, Ramsey, manency of our establishments with the frail existence of F. Smith, J. Stevens, Tutwiler, Walker, Wolfersberger, any human being. Wolford-35.

-57.

Thus the great work of Pennsylvania will, no doubt, Le vigorously prosecuted.]

NEW INVENTION. The National Journal says, a new and useful invention has lately been patented by captain Thomas Brownell, of New York, for pumping ships at BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL ROAD COMPANY. The sea by the power of wind. The tacamery is beautifully subscription books of the company were closed on Satur-simple, and manageable, and has been proved capable of day the 31st ult. on which day alone were taken thirteen relieving a leaky vessel of almost any quantity of water thousand three hundred and eighty-seven shares, making, she can be supposed to make, without fatiguing the crew, with those previously taken, forty-one thousand seven and adequate to save both vessel and lives in the most hundred and eighty-right shares, inclusive of the five imminent danger. The model has been submitted to the thousand allotted to and taken by the corporation of Balti- inspection of the commissioners of the navy, and is remore. The amount of money, therefore, subscribed by commended in the strongest manner to the merchants' This city alone, is four millions one hundred and seventy-service. There is no doubt but the great diminution of eight thousand dollars, divided amongst twenty-two thou-risk at sea, in consequence of this invention, will greatly gand names. It will be remembered that only fifteen thou- | diminish the rates of insurance. and shares are allotted to individuals, so that each name will be entitled but to 7-10ths of a share, or seven shares for every ten names, which will be further reduced by the subscriptions in Frederick and Hagerstown, which are not yet ascertained, but are supposed to amount to two thoukand shares. It is believed that of this subscription, which outrons so largely the fund contemplated to be rised, but a comparatively small part has been made with a view to speculation. There is, therefore, every reason to think, that the stock is principally in the hands of persons who intend and are able to hold it. [American.

LOTTERIES. New York, April 2. A bill to regulate the sale of lottery tickets in this state, has passed both houses of the legislature, which provides that the selling of tickets in lotteries not authorised by the state, shall be punished as a misdemeanor, by fine and imprisonment; fixes the price of licenses to venders in this city at 500 dollars; in Albany at 250 dollars, and prohibits the sale of tickets in shares.

[This law will powerfully prevent seductions of the thoughtless poor. We are especially pleased with the part which prohibits the sale of tickets in shares.]

LEGAL DISTINCTION. Judge Stewart of Tennessee, has deckled that if you play for bank notes it is no gambling, but if you play for money and pay in bank notes, it is gambling, and indictable. There is nothing like a good legal distinction.

DECISION OF AN ENGLISH JUNGE,

Some time since, a

The following resolutions were adopted at a large and respectable meeting of the people of Greene county, Penusvivaric, held in the court house at Waynesburg on the 20th, wach, together with a memorial on the subject, were directed to be forwarded to the members of the legislature of the state They were unanimously agreed to. Resolved. That the state of Pennsylvania ought, unhesitatingly, to grant her unconditional and unqualified assent to the construction of a canal or a rail way, or both, case of libel was tried before chief justice Best, in which through the southern parts of her territory, by the Unit- the plaintiff complained of the defendant for having made ed Stdes, or by my state or incorporated company. some comments in a newspaper upon a report of certain Rreolved. That, while the legislature is about to con-proceedings in the London police office. The decision in struct no less than three canals, at an expense of millions, in other parts of the state, to withhold her assent and support from similar improvements through this section, would be unjust, injurious and oppressive.

the case, as expressed by the judge in his charge to the jury, was not founded on the falsehood of the report commented upon, for it was admitted that the report was eorreet. This, however, was not allowed to be proved, and on the ground that the defendant had not put in a justificaMR. SAWYER, a member of congress from North Ca- tion. When the offer was made, the judge said—“N rolina, has published his correspondence with captain you have not put in a justifiention, and, therefore, I will Parry, the celebrated navigator. The following is an ex--not allow you to prove it true. Yet when he charged the jury, he said that, "as the truth had not been proved. But I cannot suppress my aspirations after you to he took it for granted that all the allegations were false." ‘adorn me, not to say, immortalize me, in your next voy-Commenting upon this decision-which, by the by, as may age, bu giving my name to some island, river or mountain, be supposed, caused the verdiet to go against the defendyou may discove—I shall then be certain of having it based ant-a London editor says, with much justice, that such upon more solid foundations than I can possibly secure by reasoning may be very intelligable to professional persons; my own exertions. If it be not due to merit, I make bold | but all men are not lawyers, and, with much deferene!

tract from one of Mr. S's letters.