e terms of office of aldermen in said city holding or entitled to commisons at the time of the adoption of this Constitution shall not be affected ereby.

SEC. 26. All persons in office in this Commonwealth at the time of the option of this Constitution, and at the first election under it, shall hold ir respective offices until the term for which they have been elected or pointed shall expire, and until their successors shall be duly qualified, less otherwise provided in this Constitution.

SEC. 27. The seventh article of this Constitution prescribing an oath office shall take effect on and after the first day of January, one thousand ht hundred and seventy-five.

SEC. 28. The terms of office of county commissioners and county auditors, sen prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, which ill not have expired before the first Monday of January, in the year one usand eight hundred and seventy-six, shall expire on that day.

SEC. 29. All State, county, city, ward, borough and township officers in ce at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, whose compensation not provided for by salaries alone, shall continue to receive the compensai allowed them by law until the expiration of their respective terms of

e.

SEC. 30. All State and judicial officers heretofore elected, sworn, or rmed, or in office when this Constitution shall take effect, shall severally, hin one month after such adoption, take and subscribe an oath, or affirma1. to support this Constitution.

SEC. 31. The General Assembly at its first session, or as soon as may be r the adoption of this Constitution, shall pass such laws as may be essary to carry the same into full force and effect.

SFC. 32. The ordinance passed by this Convention, entitled "An ordinance * submitting the amended Constitution of Pennsylvania to a vote of the tors thereof," shall be held to be valid for all the purposes thereof.

SEC. 33. The words "county commissioners." whenever used in this Conution and in any ordinance accompanying the same, shall be held to include commissioners for the city of Philadelphia.

Adopted at Philadelphia, on the third day of November, in the year of Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.

JNO. H. WALKER,

President.

D. L. IMBRIE,

Ch. Clerk.

SCHEDULE FOR THE AMENDMENTS.20

That no inconvenience may arise from the changes in the Constitution the Commonwealth, and in order to carry the same into complete opera1. it is hereby declared that

In the case of officers elected by the people, all terms of office fixed by of Assembly at an odd number of years shall each be lengthened one r, but the Legislature may change the length of the term. provided the ns for which such officers are elected shall always be for an even number years.

The above extension of official terms shall not affect officers elected at general election of one thousand nine hundred and eight: nor any city. d. borough, township, or election division officers, whose terms of office, ler existing law, end in the year one thousand nine hundred and ten. In the year one thousand nine hundred and ten the municipal election Il be held on the third Tuesday of February as heretofore: but all officers sen at that election to an office the regular term of which is two years,

20 Schedule designed to accompany the amendments of 1909; proposed and adopted the legislature of 1907, re-adopted by the legislature of 1909 and ratified on Nov.

909.

and also all election officers and assessors chosen at that election. st serve until the first Monday of December in the year one thousand nine hu dred and eleven. All officers chosen at that election to offices the term of which is now four years, or is made four years by the operation of these amendments or this schedule, shall serve until the first Monday of December in the year one thousand nine hundred and thirteen. All justices of the peace, magis trates, and aldermen, chosen at that election, shall serve until the first Monday of December in the year one thousand nine hundred and fifteen. After the year nineteen hundred and ten, and until the Legislature shall otherwis provide, all terms of city, ward, borough, township, and election divisi officers shall begin on the first Monday of December in an odd-numbered year All city, ward, borough, and township officers holding office at the date: of the approval of these amendments, whose terms of office may end in the year one thousand nine hundred and eleven, shall continue to hold their offres | until the first Monday of December of that year.

All judges of the courts for the several judicial districts, and also county officers, holding office at the date of the approval of these amendmen whose terms of office may end in the year one thousand nine hundred of eleven, shall continue to hold their offices until the first Monday of Januar, one thousand nine hundred and twelve.

CONSTITUTION OF RHODE ISLAND-1842.*

We, the people of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, teful to Almighty God for the civil and religious liberty which He hath long permitted us to enjoy, and looking to Him for a blessing upon our eavors to secure and to transmit the same unimpaired to succeeding gentions, do ordain and establish this constitution of government.

ARTICLE I.

DECLARATION OF CERTAIN CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS AND PRINCIPLES.

In order effectually to secure the religious and political freedom estabed by our venerated ancestors, and to preserve the same for our posterity, do declare that the essential and unquestionable rights and principles einafter mentioned shall be established, maintained and preserved, and ll be of paramount obligation in all legislative, judicial and executive prolings.

SECTION 1. In the words of the Father of his County, we declare, that > basis of our political systems is the right of the people to make and r their constitutions of government; but that the constitution which at time exists, till changed by an explicit and authentic act of the whole le, is sacredly obligatory upon all."

SEC. 2. All free governments are instituted for the protection, safety and piness of the people. All laws, therefore, should be made for the good of whole; and the burdens of the state ought to be fairly distributed among citizens.

f

SEC. 3. Whereas, Almighty God hath created the mind free; and all atpts to influence it by temporal punishments or burdens, or by civil incatations, tend to beget habits of hypocrisy and meanness; and whereas a cipal object of our venerable ancestors, in their migration to this country their settlement of this state, was, as they expressed it, to hold forth a y experiment, that a flourishing civil state may stand and be best mained with full liberty in religious concernments; we, therefore, declare that man shall be compelled to frequent or to support any religious worship, e. or ministry whatever, except in fulfillment of his own voluntary con t; nor enforced, restrained, molested, or burdened in his body or goods; Prior to 1842, the organic law of Rhode Island was the Charter of 1663. The isions of this instrument relative to suffrage and apportionment had grown pararly anachronistic. The movement for constitutional reform was led by Thomas Dorr, and expressed itself in the so-called Dorr Rebellion. Through the efforts he suffragists, as Dorr's partisans were called, a People's Convention was cond and assembled at Providence on October 4, 1841, and adjourned on November 1841, after having drafted a constitution. The proposed constitution was subed to a vote of the people on December 27, 28 and 29. All told, 4,960 freemen and 4 non-freemen voted on the constitution. On January 12, 1842, the People's Conion reconvened to canvass the returns. The convention estimated the number of t males of the state qualified to vote under the People's Constitution at 23,142; count showed that the constitution had been ratified by a decisive popular majority. final act of the convention was to declare the constitution in force. In the ntime, the general assembly had called a convention which met on November 1, remained in session two weeks, and adjourned until February, 1842. When this ention reassembled, the general assembly had refused to recognize the People's stitution, but it had determined that those whom the Freemen's Constitution might ts terms enfranchise should be permitted to vote on the adoption of a constitution. ›rdingly, the convention submitted a constitution, known as the Freemen's Constion on February 19; the vote was taken on March 21, 22 and 23, and the prod constitution was defeated by a majority of 676. In March, 1842, the supreme t unofficially announced that in its judgment the People's Constitution was illegal nonenforcible, and that no person had had any legal authority to vote on the osition. During the same month, the general assembly enacted the so-called. gerine Law" which declared all elections conducted otherwise than under existing utes illegal and void. In November, 1842, after the force of the Dorr Rebellion spent itself, the Freemen's Constitution was re-submitted to the people and adopted, the government provided for by the new constitution was installed on May 3, 1843...

nor disqualified from holding any office; nor otherwise suffer on accouL! of his religious belief; and that every man shall be free to worship Go according to the dictates of his own conscience, and to profess and by arge ment to maintain his opinion in matters of religion; and that the same sha in no wise diminish, enlarge, or affect his civil capacity.

SEC. 4.

Slavery will not be permitted in this state.

SEC. 5. Every person within this state ought to find a certain remedy, by having recourse to the laws, for all injuries or wrongs which he may ceive in his person, property, or character. He ought to obtain right and justice freely art without purchase, completely and without denial; prompre and without delay; conformably to the laws.

SEC. 6. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, papers an possessions, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrant shall issue, but on complaint in writing, upon probable ca supported by oath or affirmation, and describing as nearly as may be, the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

SEC. 7. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or other if mous crime, unless on presentment or indictment by a grand pury, excep{ cases of impeachment, or of such offences as are cognizable by a justice of peace; or in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia in actual service in time of war or public danger. No person shall, after acquittal, be tried for the same offence.

SEC. 8. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imp nor cruel punishments inflicted; and all punishments ought to be proportion to the offence.

SEC. 9. All persons imprisoned ought to be bailed by sufficient surg unless for offences punishable by death or by imprisonment for life, when proof of guilt is evident or the presumption great. The privilege of the wi of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebel or invasion the public safety shall require it; nor ever without the authe of the general assembly.

SEC. 10. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the ri to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury; to be informed of th nature and cause of the accusation, to be confronted with the witnes against him, to have compulsory process for obtaining them in his favor, have the assistance of counsel in his defence, and shall be at liberty to spe for himself; nor shall he be deprived of life, liberty, or property, unless the judgment of his peers, or the law of the land.

SEC. 11. The person of a debtor, when there is not strong presumpti of fraud, ought not to be continued in prison, after he shall have delive up his property for the benefit of his creditors, in such manner as shall prescribed by law.

SEC. 12. No ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of o tracts, shall be passed.

SEC. 13. No man in a court of common law shall be compelled to ga evidence criminating himself.

SEC. 14. Every man being presumed innocent, until he is pronounce guilty by the law, no act of severity which is not necessary to secure accused person shall be permitted.

SEC. 15. The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate.

SEC. 16. Private property shall not be taken for public uses, without just compensation.

SEC. 17. The people shall continue to enjoy and freely exercise all th rights of fishery, and the privileges of the shore, to which they have be heretofore entitled under the charter and usages of this state. But no new right is intended to be granted, nor any existing right impaired, by this decla-ration.

SEC. 18. The military shall be held in strict subordination to the chi authority. And the law martial shall be used and exercised in such asonly as occasion shall necessarily require.

SEC. 19. No soldier shall be quartered in any house, in time of peas

ithout the consent of the owner; nor, in time of war, but in a manner to · prescribed by law.

SEC. 20. The liberty of the press being essential to the security of free>m in a state, any person may publish his sentiments on any subject, being sponsible for the abuse of that liberty; and in all trials for libel, both civil nt criminal, the truth, unless publishred from malicious motives, shall be suthent defence to the person charged.

SEC. 21. The citizens have a right in a peaceable manner to assembly for eir common good, and to apply to those invested with the powers of govnment, for redress of grievances, or for other purposes, by petition, address, remonstrance.

SEC. 22.

fringed. SEC. 23.

The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be

The enumeration of the foregoing rights shall not be construed

impair or deny others retained by the people.

ARTICLE II.

OF THE QUALIFICATIONS OF ELECTORS.1

SECTION 1. Every male citizen of the United States, of the age of twentye years, who has had his residence and home in this state for one year, and the town or city in which he may claim a right to vote, six months next eceding the time of voting, and who is really and truly possessed in his vn right of real estate in such town or city of the value of one hundred and irty-four. dollars over and above all incumbrances, or which shall rent for ven dollars per annum over and above any rent reserved or the interest any incumbrances thereon, being an estate in fee-simple, fee-tail, for the e of any person, or an estate in reversion or remainder, which qualifies no her person to vote, the conveyance of which estate, if by deed, shall have en recorded at least ninety days, shall thereafter have a right to vote in e election of all civil officers and on all questions in all legal town or ward eetings so long as he continues so qualified. And if any person hereinbefore scribed shall own any such estate within this state out of the town or city which he resides, he shall have a right to vote in the election of all general icers and members of the general assembly in, the town or city in which · 'shall have' had his residence and home for the term of six months next eceding the election, upon producing a certificate from the clerk of the town city in which his estate lies, bearing date within ten days of the time of s voting, setting forth that such person has a sufficient estate therein to alify him as a voter; and that the deed, if any, has been recorded ninety IVS.

SEC. 2. Every male native citizen of the United States, of the age of enty-one years, who has had his residence and home in this state two ars, and in the town or city in which he may offer to vote, six months xt preceding the time of voting, whose name is registered pursuant to the t calling the convention to frame this constitution, or shall be registered the office of the clerk of such town or city at least seven days before the me he shall offer to vote, and before the last day of December in the present ar: and who has paid or shall pay a tax or taxes assessed upon his estate ithin this state, and within a year of the time of voting, to the amount of ne dollar, or who shall voluntarily pay, at least seven days before the time shall offer to vote, and before said last day of December, to the clerk or easurer of the town or city where he resides, the sum of one dollar, or such im as with his other taxes shall amount to one dollar, for the support of ublic schools therein, and shall make proof of the same, by the certificate of le clerk, treasurer, or collector of any town or city where such payment is ade: or who, being so registered, has been enrolled in any military comany in this state, and done military service or duty therein, within the presat year, pursuant to law, and shall (until other proof is required by law)

1 See Article IV of the Amendments, adopted in 1864, Article VI of the Amendents, adopted in 1886, and Article VII of the Amendments adopted in 1888.