è several days in each house, and free discussion allowed thereon; but in of imperative public necessity (which necessity shall be stated in a prele, or in the body of the bill), four-fifths of the house, in which the bill be pending, may suspend this rule, the yeas and nays being taken on question of suspension, and entered upon the journal.

SEC. 33. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the house of repreatives, but the senate may amend or reject them as other bills.

SEC. 34. After a bill has been considered and defeated by either house of legislature, no bill containing the same substance shall be passed into a during the same, session. After a resolution, has been acted on and defeated, resolution containing the same substance shall be considered at the same =ion.

SEC. 35.

No bill (except general appropriation bills, which may embrace the ious subjects and accounts, for and on account of which moneys are approted) shall contain more than one subject, which shall be expressed in its But if any subject shall be embraced in an act, which shall not be exssed in the title, such act shall be void only as to so much thereof as shall be so expressed.

e.

SEC. 36. No law shall be revived or amended by reference to its title; but such case the act revived, or the section or sections amended, shall be rected and published at length.

SEC. 37. No bill shall be considered, unless it has been first referred to a mmittee and reported thereon, and no bill shall be passed which has not en presented and referred to and reported from a committee at least three ys before the final adjournment of the legislature.

SEC. 38. The presiding officer of each house shall, in the presence of the use over which he presides, sign all bills and joint resolutions passed by the gislature, after their titles have been publicly read before signing; and the et of signing shall be entered on the journals.

SEC. 39. No law passed by the legislature, except the general appropriation t. shall take effect or go into force until ninety days after the adjournment of e- session at “ which it was enacted, unless in case of an emergency, which mergency must be expressed in a preamble or in the body of the act, the leglature shall, by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house, herwise direct; said vote to be taken by yeas and nays, and entered upon the urnals.

SEC. 40. When the legislature shall be convened in special session, there all be no legislation upon subjects other than those designated in the proclamaon of the governor calling such session, or presented to them by the governor; ad no such session shall be of longer duration than thirty days.

SEC. 41. In all elections by the senate and house of representatives, jointly separately, the vote shall be given viva voce, except in the election of their ficers.

REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS.

SEC. 42. The legislature shall pass such laws as may be necessary to carry to effect the provisions of this constitution.

SEC. 43. The first session of the legislature under this constitution shall rovide for revising, digesting and publishing the laws, civil and criminal; nd a like revision, digest and publication may be made every ten years there„fter; provided, that in the adoption of and giving effect to any such digest or evision, the legislature shall not be limited by sections 35 and 36 of this rticle.

SEC. 44. The legislature shall, provide by law for the compensation of all fficers, servants, agents and public contractors, not provided for in this contitution, but shall not grant extra compensation to any officer, agent, servant r public contractors, after such public service shall have been performed or ontract entered into for the performance of the same, nor grant by appropriaion or otherwise, any amount of money out of the treasury of the state, to Any individual, on a claim, real or pretended, when the same shall not have een provided for by pre-existing law, nor employ any one in the name of the tate. unless authorized by pre-existing law.

SEC. 45. The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shil be vested in the courts, to be exercised in such manner as shall be provided law; and the legislature shall pass laws for that purpose.

SEC. 46. The legislature shall, at its first session after the adoption this constitution, enact effective vagrant laws.

SEC. 47. The legislature shall pass laws prohibiting the establishment d lotteries and gift enterprises in this state, as well as the sale of tickets in bt teries, gift enterprises or other evasions involving the lottery principle, esta lished or existing in other states.

SEC. 48. The legislature shall not have the right to levy taxes or impos burdens upon the people, except to raise revenue sufficient for the economica administration of the government, in which may be included the following

purposes:

The payment of all interest upon the bonded debt of the state;
The erection and repairs of public buildings;

The benefit of the sinking fund, which shall not be more than two centum of the public debt; and for the payment of the present floating det of the state, including matured bonds for the payment of which the sinking fund is inadequate;

The support of public schools, in which shall be included colleges and versities established by the state; and the maintenance and support of th Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas;

The payment of the cost of assessing and collecting the revenue; and the payment of all officers, agents and employees of the state government, and d incidental expenses connected therewith;

The support of the blind asylum, the deaf and dumb asylum and the ins asylum, the state cemetery and the public grounds of the state;

The enforcement of quarantine regulations on the coast of Texas;
The protection of the frontier.

SEC. 49. No debt shall be created by or on behalf of the state, except supply casual deficiencies of revenue, repel invasion, suppress insurrectio defend the state in war, or pay existing debt; and the debt created to sup deficiencies in the revenue shall never exceed, in the aggregate at any time, two hundred thousand dollars.

SEC. 50. The legislature shall have no power to give or to lend. or authorize the giving or lending, of the credit of the state in aid of, or to, person, association or corporation, whether municipal or other; or to plete the credit of the state, in any manner whatsoever, for the payment of the liabilities, present or prospective, of any individual, association of individuak municipal or other corporation whatsoever.

SEC. 51. The legislature shall have no power to make any grant or auth: ize the making of any grant of public money to any individual, association ✅ individuals, municipal or other corporation whatsoever; provided, however, legislature may grant aid to indigent and disabled Confederate soldiers and sailors who came to Texas prior to January 1, 1900, and their widows in indi gent circumstances, and who have been bona fide residents of the Stat of Texas since January 1, 1900, and who were married to such soldiers an sailors anterior to January 1, 1900; to indigent and disabled soldiers, w under special laws of the State of Texas, during the war between the states served for a period of at least six months in organizations for the protection of the frontier against Indian raids or Mexican marauders, and to indigent and disabled soldiers of the militia of the State of Texas, who were in active service for a period of at least six months during the war between the state to the widows of such soldiers who are in indigent circumstances, and w were married to such soldiers prior to January 1, 1900, provided that th word “widow" in the preceding lines of this section shall not apply to wome born since 1861, and also to grant aid for the establishment and maintenan of a home for said soldiers and sailors, their wives and widows, and woni who aided in the Confederacy under such regulations and limitations as may be provided for by law; provided, the legislature may provide for husband t wife to remain together in the home.

The legislature shall have the power to levy and collect, in addition to all er taxes heretofore permitted by the constitution of Texas, a state ad valorem on property not exceeding five cents on the one hundred dollars valuation the purpose of creating a special fund for the payment of pensions for servin the Confederate Army and navy, frontier organizations and the militia the state of Texas, and for the widows of such soldiers serving in said ies, navies, organizations, or militia.1

SEC. 52. The legislature shall have no power to authorize any county, city, n or other political corporation or subdivision of the state, to lend its credit to grant public money or thing of value in aid of, or to, any individual, asation or corporation whatsoever, or to become a stockholder in such corpora, association or company; provided, however, that under legislative proviany county, any political subdivision of a county, any number of adjoincounties, or any political subdivision of the state, or any defined district v or hereafter to be described and defined within the state of Texas, and Section 51 has been amended five times; the first amendment was proposed by legislature of 1893, ratified on November 6, 1894, and proclaimed adopted on ember 21, 1894; the second amendment was proposed by the legislature of 1897, fied on November 1, 1898, and proclaimed adopted on December 22, 1898; the d amendment was proposed by the legislature of 1903, ratified on November 8, 4, and proclaimed adopted on December 29, 1904; the fourth amendment was posed by the legislature of 1909, and ratified on November 8, 1910; the present endment was proposed by the legislature of 1911, ratified on November 5, 1912, i proclaimed adopted on December 30, 1912. The text of the amendment of 1894 as follows: Sec. 51. The legislature shall have no power to make any grant, or authorize the king of any grant, of public money to any individual, association of individuals, nicipal or other corporation whatsoever; provided, however, the legislature may nt aid to the establishment and maintenance of a home for indigent and disabled federate soldiers or sailors who are or may be bona-fide residents of the state Texas, under such regulations and limitations as may be provided by law; proed, that such grant shall not exceed the sum of one hundred thousand dollars for y one year; and provided, further, that the provisions of this section shall not be strued so as to prevent the grant of aid in case of public calamity. The text of the amendment of 1898 is as follows:

Sec. 51. The legislature shall have no power to make any grant, or authorize making of any grant, of public money to any individual, association of individuals, nicipal or other corporations whatsoever; provided, however, the legislature may int aid to indigent and disabled Confederate soldiers and sailors who came to xas prior to January 1, 1880, and who are either over sixty years of age, or whose ability is the proximate result of actual service in the Confederate army for a riod of at least three months, their widows in indigent circumstances who have ver remarried, and who have been bona-fide residents of the state of Texas since arch 1, 1880, and who were married to such soldiers or sailors anterior to March 1. 66; provided, said aid shall not exceed eight dollars per month; and provided, rther, that no appropriation shall ever be made for the purpose hereinbefore specid. in excess of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars for any one year. 30 grant aid to the establishment and maintenance of a home for said soldiers and ilors, under such regulations and limitations as may be provided by law; provided, e grant to aid said home shall not exceed one hundred thousand dollars for any e year; and no inmate of said home shall be entitled to any other aid from the ate; and provided, further, that the provisions of this section shall not be construed prevent the grant of aid in case of public calamity.

The text of the amendment of 1910 is as follows:

And

Sec. 51. The legislature shall have no power to make any grant, or authorize e making of any grant, of public money to any individual, associations of individils: municipal or other corporations whatsoever; provided, however, the legislature ay grant aid to indigent and disabled Confederate soldiers and sailors who came to xas prior to January 1, 1880, and who are either over sixty years of age or whose sability is the proximate result of actual service in the Confederate army for a Priod of at least three months, their widows in indigent circumstances who have never married and who have been bona-fide residents of the state of Texas since March 1, 380, and who were married to such soldiers or sailors anterior to March 1, 1880; rovided, said aid shall not exceed eight dollars per month; and provided, further, at no appropriations shall ever be made for the purpose hereinbefore specified in xcess of five hundred thousand dollars for any one year. And also grant aid to the stablishment and maintenance of a home for said soldiers and sailors, their wives nd widows and women who aided in the Confederacy, under such regulations and mitations as may be provided by law; provided, the grant to aid said home shall not xceed one hundred and fifty thousand dollars for any one year; and no inmate of aid homes shall be entitled to any other aid from the state; the legislature may rovide for husband and wife to remain together in the home; and provided, further, hat the provisions of this section shall not be construed to prevent the grant of aid in as of public calamity.

which may or may not include towns, villages or municipal corporations, u a vote of a two-thirds majority of the resident property taxpayers voting thereun who are qualified electors of such district or territory to be affected thereby. in addition to all other debts, may issue bonds or otherwise lend its credi in any amount not to exceed one-fourth of the assessed valuation of the real property of such district or territory, except that the total bonded indebted ness of any city or town shall never exceed the limits imposed by other prom sions of this constitution, and levy and collect such taxes to pay the intens thereon and provide a sinking fund for the redemption thereof, as the legis ture may authorize, and in such manner as it may authorize the same, for the following purposes, to-wit:

(a) The improvement of rivers, creeks and streams to prevent overflows and to permit of navigation thereof, or irrigation thereof, or in aid of st purposes.

(b) The construction and maintenance of pools, lakes, reservoirs, data canals and waterways for the purpose of irrigation, drainage or navigati or in aid thereof.

(c) The construction, maintenance and operation of macadamized, graved or paved roads and turnpikes, or in aid thereof.2

SEC. 53. The legislature shall have no power to grant, or to authorize an county or municipal authority to grant, any extra compensation, fee or alba ance to a public officer, agent, servant or contractor after service has been te dered or a contract has been entered into, and performed in whole or in pr nor pay, nor authorize the payment of, any claim created against any coun or municipality of the state, under any agreement or contract, made with t authority of law.

SEC. 54. The legislature shall have no power to release or alienate any la held by the state upon any railroad, or in anywise change the tenor «« meaning, or pass any act explanatory thereof; but the same shall be enfor in accordance with the original terms upon which it was acquired.

SEC. 55. The legislature shall have no power to release or extinguish to authorize the releasing or extinguishing, in whole or in part, the indebtednes liability or obligation of any incorporation or individual, to this state, or any county or other municipal corporation therein.

SEC. 56. The legislature shall not, except as otherwise provided in t constitution, pass any local or special law, authorizing :

The creation, extension or impairing of liens;

Regulating the affairs of counties, cities, towns, wards or school districts Changing the names of persons or places;

Changing the venue in civil or criminal cases;

Authorizing the laying out, opening, altering or maintaining of roads, hi ways, streets or alleys;

Relating to ferries or bridges, or incorporating ferry or bridge companie, except for the erection of bridges crossing streams which form boundaries tween this and any other state;

Vacating roads, town plats, streets or alleys;

Relating to cemeteries, graveyards, or public grounds not of the state: Authorizing the adoption or legitimation of children;

Locating or changing county seat:

Incorporating cities, towns or villages, or changing their charters;

For the opening and conducting of elections, or fixing or changing places of voting;

Granting divorces;

Creating offices, or prescribing the powers and duties of officers, in counte cities, towns, election or school districts:

Changing the law of descent or succession;

Regulating the practice or jurisdiction of, or changing the rules of evidenc in, any judicial proceedings or inquiry before courts, justices of the peo

2 Amendment proposed by the legislature of 1903, ratified on November 8, 194. and proclaimed adopted on December 29, 1904.

iffs, commissioners, arbitrators or other tribunals, or providing or changing hods for the collection of debts, or the enforcing of judgments, or prescribing effect of judicial sales of real estate;

Regulating the fees, or extending the powers and duties of aldermen, jus= of the peace, magistrates or constables;

Regulating the management of public schools, the building or repairing of ol houses, and the raising of money for such purposes;

Fixing the rate of interest;

Affecting the estates of minors, or persons under disability;

Remitting fines, penalties and forfeitures, and refunding money legally into the treasury;

Exempting, property from taxation;

Regulating labor, trade, mining and manufacturing;

Declaring any named person of age;

Extending the time for the assessment or collection of taxes, or otherwise ving any assessor or collector of taxes from the due performance of his al duties, or his securities from liability;

Giving effect to informal or invalid wills or deeds;
Summoning or impaneling grand or petit juries;

For limitation of civil or criminal actions;

For incorporating railroads or other works of internal improvements; And in all other cases where a general law can be made applicable, no locat pecial law shall be enacted; provided, that nothing herein contained shall onstrued to prohibit the legislature from passing special laws for the preseron of the game and fish of this state in certain localities.

SEC. 57. No local or special law shall be passed, unless notice of the inion to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where the ter or thing to be affected may be situated, which notice shall state the tance of the contemplated law, and shall be published at least thirty days to the introduction into the legislature of such bill and in the manner e provided by law. The evidence of such notice having been published be exhibited in the legislature before such act shall be passed.

SEC. 58. The legislature shall hold its sessions at the city of Austin, which reby declared to be the seat of government.

ARTICLE IV.
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

SECTION 1. The executive department of the state shall consist of a govr, who shall be the chief executive officer of the state, a lieutenant-governor, etary of state, comptroller of public accounts, treasurer, commissioner of the =ral land office, and attorney general.

SEC. 2. All the above officers of the executive department, except secretary tate, shall be elected by the qualified voters of the state at the time and e of election for members of the legislature.

SEC. 3. The returns of every election for said executive officers, until otherprovided by law, shall be made out, sealed up, and transmitted by the rning officers prescribed by law, to the seat of government, directed to the etary of state, who shall deliver the same to the speaker of the house of resentatives, as soon as the speaker, shall be chosen; and the said speaker , during the first week of the session of the legislature, open and publish in the presence of both houses of the legislature. The person voted for Said election, having the highest number of votes for each of said offices pectively, and being constitutionally eligible, shall be declared by the speaker, er sanction of the legislature, to be elected to said office. But if two, or e persons shall have the highest and an equal number of votes for either aid offices, one of them shall be immediately chosen for such office by joint of both houses of the legislature. Contested elections for either of said es shall be determined by both houses of the legislature in joint session. SEC. 4. The governor shall be installed on the first Tuesday after the nization of the legislature, or as soon thereafter as practicable, and shall