Organic Chemicals: An Environmental PerspectiveCRC Press, 1999 M12 20 - 912 páginas Environmental problems have become increasingly complex. The procedures for investigating these problems cross the traditional boundaries of organic and analytical chemistry, microbiology and biology. Organic Chemicals: An Environmental Perspective brings together the basic issues of chemical analysis, distribution, persistence, and ecotoxicology. The author illustrates each point with specific examples and presents a mechanistic approach to microbial reactions. Extensive cross referencing between chapters provides cohesion and complete coverage of issues tangential to each topic. The new edition has been extensively revised, and contains a new appendix, a new chapter, plus further revised information throughout the book. In fact, it is a completely new book. A major difficulty in environmental science is that much of the background is widely scattered in the specialized chemical, microbiological, and biological literature. The coverage of all these areas in a single volume, the coherence supplied by the cross references, and the extensive references to the original literature makes Organic Chemicals: An Environmental Perspective a unique resource. |
Contenido
Introduction | 4 |
Literature Cited | 4 |
Limitations | 4 |
Biotechnology | 6 |
Terrestrial Systems | 7 |
The Atmosphere | 8 |
Natural Products and Microbial Metabolites | 9 |
The Effect of Xenobiotics on MicrobialMediated Processes | 13 |
Microbial Reactions | 391 |
Design of Experiments on Biodegradation and Biotransformation | 407 |
Experimental Problems Water Solubility Volatility Sampling and Association of the Substrate with Microbial Cells | 422 |
Procedures for Elucidating Metabolic Pathways | 423 |
Application of Surrogate Substrates to Establish Enzymatic Activity | 436 |
Classification and Identification of Organisms | 437 |
Procedures for Analysis of Degradative Populations | 440 |
Pathways of Biodegradation and Biotransformation | 459 |
Analysis | 17 |
Sampling | 21 |
Extraction and Cleanup | 23 |
Procedures Involving Chemical Reactions Derivatization | 40 |
Identification and Quantification Basic Definitions | 47 |
General Comments | 72 |
Conclusions | 79 |
Partition Distribution Transport and Mobility | 103 |
Partitioning into Biota Uptake of Xenobiotics from the Aqueous Phase | 108 |
Partition between the Aquatic and Sediment Phases | 127 |
Phase Heterogeneity Dissolved Organic Carbon Interstitial Water and Particulate Matter | 144 |
Partitions Involving the Atmospheric Phase | 148 |
Dissemination of Xenobiotics | 151 |
Monitoring | 169 |
Conclusions | 177 |
Persistence General Orientation | 201 |
Abiotic Reactions | 203 |
Biotic Reactions | 232 |
The Spectrum of Organisms | 242 |
Mechanisms for the Introduction of Oxygen | 270 |
Interactions | 294 |
Determinative Parameters | 303 |
Rates of Metabolic Reaction | 324 |
Regulation and Toxic Metabolites | 327 |
Catabolic Plasmids | 334 |
Conclusions | 338 |
Persistence Experimental Aspects | 389 |
Aerobic Degradation of Nonaromatic Hydrocarbons | 464 |
Aerobic Degradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds | 481 |
Aerobic Degradation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds | 502 |
Degradation of Halogenated Alkanes and Alkenes | 514 |
Aerobic Degradation of Halogenated Aromatic Compounds | 526 |
Reactions Carried Out by Anaerobic Bacteria Other Than Dehalogenation | 548 |
Aerobic Degradation of Aromatic Compounds Containing Nitro or Sulfonate Groups | 572 |
Aliphatic Compounds Containing Oxygen Nitrogen Sulfur and Phosphorus | 582 |
Organofluorine Compounds | 592 |
Biotransformations | 597 |
Summary of Basic Microbial Reactions | 614 |
Ecotoxicology | 673 |
Choice of Test Species in Laboratory Tests | 677 |
Experimental Determinants | 679 |
Test Systems Single Organisms | 688 |
Test Systems Several Organisms | 711 |
Metabolism of Xenobiotics by Higher Organisms | 717 |
Biomarkers Biochemical and Physiological End Points | 728 |
A Wider Perspective | 732 |
A Hierarchical System for Evaluating the Biological Effects of Toxicants | 741 |
Conclusions | 742 |
Microbiological Aspects of Bioremediation | 763 |
Representative Sites | 777 |
A Hierarchical Strategy | 823 |
Concluding Comments | 825 |
Otras ediciones - Ver todas
Organic Chemicals: An Environmental Perspective Alasdair H. Neilson Sin vista previa disponible - 1999 |
Términos y frases comunes
acetate aerobic anaerobic degradation Anal analysis analytes Appl application aquatic Arch aromatic compounds aromatic hydrocarbons assays bacteria Bacteriol bacterium benzene benzoate Biochem bioconcentration biodegradation Biol bioremediation biota biotransformation biphenyl carbon carboxylic acids catechol cells Chapter Chem chemical chlorinated chrysosporium CO₂H components concentrations congeners contaminated cultures cytochrome dechlorination dioxygenase dioxygenation discussed effect Environ environmental enzyme evaluated example exposure Figure fish fission formation fungi genes groups growth halogenated hydrolysis hydroxylation illustration important involved isolated laboratory mechanism metabolism metabolites methanogenic methyl microbial Microbiol microorganisms monooxygenase naphthalene Neilson nitrate OH OH organic compounds organochlorine oxidation oxygen PAHs particulate partition pathway PCBs pentachlorophenol Phanerochaete phase phenanthrene phenol plasmid polychlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls polycyclic aromatic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons potential procedures Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas sp pyrene range reactions reduction Rhodococcus ring role samples Section sediment soil specific strain studies substrate sulfate synthesis Technol tion toluene toxicity Toxicol transformation uptake xenobiotics