Organic Chemicals: An Environmental Perspective

Portada
CRC Press, 1999 M12 20 - 912 páginas
Environmental problems have become increasingly complex. The procedures for investigating these problems cross the traditional boundaries of organic and analytical chemistry, microbiology and biology. Organic Chemicals: An Environmental Perspective brings together the basic issues of chemical analysis, distribution, persistence, and ecotoxicology.
The author illustrates each point with specific examples and presents a mechanistic approach to microbial reactions. Extensive cross referencing between chapters provides cohesion and complete coverage of issues tangential to each topic. The new edition has been extensively revised, and contains a new appendix, a new chapter, plus further revised information throughout the book. In fact, it is a completely new book.
A major difficulty in environmental science is that much of the background is widely scattered in the specialized chemical, microbiological, and biological literature. The coverage of all these areas in a single volume, the coherence supplied by the cross references, and the extensive references to the original literature makes Organic Chemicals: An Environmental Perspective a unique resource.
 

Contenido

Introduction
4
Literature Cited
4
Limitations
4
Biotechnology
6
Terrestrial Systems
7
The Atmosphere
8
Natural Products and Microbial Metabolites
9
The Effect of Xenobiotics on MicrobialMediated Processes
13
Microbial Reactions
391
Design of Experiments on Biodegradation and Biotransformation
407
Experimental Problems Water Solubility Volatility Sampling and Association of the Substrate with Microbial Cells
422
Procedures for Elucidating Metabolic Pathways
423
Application of Surrogate Substrates to Establish Enzymatic Activity
436
Classification and Identification of Organisms
437
Procedures for Analysis of Degradative Populations
440
Pathways of Biodegradation and Biotransformation
459

Analysis
17
Sampling
21
Extraction and Cleanup
23
Procedures Involving Chemical Reactions Derivatization
40
Identification and Quantification Basic Definitions
47
General Comments
72
Conclusions
79
Partition Distribution Transport and Mobility
103
Partitioning into Biota Uptake of Xenobiotics from the Aqueous Phase
108
Partition between the Aquatic and Sediment Phases
127
Phase Heterogeneity Dissolved Organic Carbon Interstitial Water and Particulate Matter
144
Partitions Involving the Atmospheric Phase
148
Dissemination of Xenobiotics
151
Monitoring
169
Conclusions
177
Persistence General Orientation
201
Abiotic Reactions
203
Biotic Reactions
232
The Spectrum of Organisms
242
Mechanisms for the Introduction of Oxygen
270
Interactions
294
Determinative Parameters
303
Rates of Metabolic Reaction
324
Regulation and Toxic Metabolites
327
Catabolic Plasmids
334
Conclusions
338
Persistence Experimental Aspects
389
Aerobic Degradation of Nonaromatic Hydrocarbons
464
Aerobic Degradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds
481
Aerobic Degradation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds
502
Degradation of Halogenated Alkanes and Alkenes
514
Aerobic Degradation of Halogenated Aromatic Compounds
526
Reactions Carried Out by Anaerobic Bacteria Other Than Dehalogenation
548
Aerobic Degradation of Aromatic Compounds Containing Nitro or Sulfonate Groups
572
Aliphatic Compounds Containing Oxygen Nitrogen Sulfur and Phosphorus
582
Organofluorine Compounds
592
Biotransformations
597
Summary of Basic Microbial Reactions
614
Ecotoxicology
673
Choice of Test Species in Laboratory Tests
677
Experimental Determinants
679
Test Systems Single Organisms
688
Test Systems Several Organisms
711
Metabolism of Xenobiotics by Higher Organisms
717
Biomarkers Biochemical and Physiological End Points
728
A Wider Perspective
732
A Hierarchical System for Evaluating the Biological Effects of Toxicants
741
Conclusions
742
Microbiological Aspects of Bioremediation
763
Representative Sites
777
A Hierarchical Strategy
823
Concluding Comments
825
Derechos de autor

Otras ediciones - Ver todas

Términos y frases comunes

Información bibliográfica