The Constitu-

Influences tending toward sectionalism.

tion and the national spirit. Proposed constitutional

amendment to quiet the slavery issue. The scope of re-

construction. Complex problems.

struction: Abolition of slavery;

national standard for suffrage.

-I THE PROSTRATE SOUTH

Main steps in recon-

negro citizenship;

a

23-41

Imprisonment of

Suspension of civil laws after the war.

civil officials. Condition of agriculture and transportation.

Destruction of private property. The condition of the

church. The freedman's vain expectations. Industrial

situation. The plight of Charleston. Problems of South-

ern reorganization.

II STATE REORGANIZATION UNDER LINCOLN

43-71

The Hampton Roads Conference. Divergent aspirations

of North and South. The Crittenden resolutions. Steps

in the reorganization of Virginia. West Virginia refuses

to secede. The Western counties usurp the government

of Virginia. Congress recognizes West Virginia. The

Pierpoint (West Virginia) government removes to Alex-

andria. It adopts the Thirteenth Amendment for Vir-

ginia. Makes Richmond its seat. Reorganization measures

in Tennessee. The mountain counties refuse to support

the Confederacy. The State under military government.

CHAPTER

A legislature elected. Military rule in Louisiana. Elec-

tions for Congress. A new constitution. Civil govern-

ment inaugurated. Congress refuses to admit the State's

representatives. Reorganization in Arkansas. Adoption

of a new constitution. Congress refuses admission to the

State's representatives. Lincoln issues amnesty proclama-

tion and plan of reorganization. The Wade-Davis recon-

struction measure. Lincoln's counter proposal. Manifesto

of Wade and Davis. Lincoln's message of 1864. Lincoln

and Congress at odds over reconstruction. The death of

Lincoln.

PAGES

73-96

Some characteristics of Andrew Johnson. His bitterness

toward the Southern leaders. The president's policy.

Proclamation of amnesty and pardon. The Pierpoint gov-

ernment recognized for Virginia. Reorganization plan

for North Carolina. Provisional governor appointed. The

constitutional conventions of Mississippi, Alabama, South

Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia and Florida. Their

legislatures ratify the Thirteenth Amendment. Restora-

tion of the Union.

IV FEDERAL REGULATION OF THE FREEDMEN 97-123

The negro refugees. Problem of their support and em-

ployment. The Freedmen's Home Farm for Mississippi.

Legislation respecting abandoned property. The occupa-

tion of plantations and the employment of freedmen.

Establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau. Regulations as
to labor contracts. Operation of the new system. Local
regulations concerning freedmen. The reports of Gen-
erals Schurz and Grant on the condition of the freedmen.

V SOUTHERN ATTEMPTS AT RECONSTRUCTION

125-151

The problem of agricultural labor. Attitude of the "poor
whites" to the freedmen. Difficulties presented by South-
ern civilization. Mixed results of the influence of the
Freedmen's Bureau. State legislation as to freedmen.
The master and apprentice law of Mississippi. Legisla-
tion concerning vagrants. As to civil rights of freedmen.
Legislation of South Carolina concerning freedmen. Pro-
vision for infirm colored people. Vagrancy laws. Va-
grancy laws of Virginia. General Terry's order prohib-

CHAPTER

iting their enforcement in the case of freedmen. The lib-

eral laws of North Carolina as to freedmen. The legisla-

tion of Alabama. Civil rights of freedmen. Vagrancy

laws. Master and apprentice act. Fundamental principle

of Southern legislation as to freedmen. The chief statu-

tory applications of this principle. Northern resentment

against the legislation of Mississippi. Basic difference be-

tween the Northern and Southern view of race relation in

the South.

PAGES

153-186

Lincoln's reorganization and Johnson's restoration. _Dif-

ferences between Lincoln and his Cabinet. Stanton's plan

of military government for Virginia and North Carolina.

The Pierpoint government recognized by Johnson's Cab-

inet as that of Virginia. Johnson's plan of reconstruction

for North Carolina and other States. Lincoln's view of

emancipation. His plan of compensation for abolition of

slavery opposed by the Cabinet. His view as to negro

suffrage. Sumner's radical abolition and reconstruction

views. Other radical leaders-Wade, Morton, and Ste-

vens. Congress takes up inquiry into the condition of the

late Confederate States. Southern Confederate States

barred from representation in Congress. Republican

supremacy as a motive in reconstruction measures. Pro-

posals of the Reconstruction Committee. Johnson halts the

radicalism of Congress by his vetoes. The Freedmen's

Bureau bill. The Civil Rights bill. Report and recom-

mendations of the Reconstruction Committee. Fourteenth

Amendment. Restoration of Tennessee to Federal rela-

tions. President and Congress drift apart. Johnson rails

against the radical leaders. Negro franchise enacted for

the District of Columbia. Congress places the Southern

States under military government. Requisites to Con-

gressional representation of the "rebel states." Triumph

of Congress over President Johnson.

VII THE ATTEMPT TO REMOVE THE PRESI-

DENT

187-220

Résumé of Johnson's principles as to restoration. His
steadfast purpose. Irreconcilable opposition of the radical
leaders. Resolutions to impeach the president. The ju-
diciary committee resolves against impeachment. Breach

CHAPTER

Another

between Secretary Stanton and the president.
impeachment resolution. Stanton's suspension and removal.
The Senate supports Stanton and he regains his office.
The president is charged with preparing for a military
coup. The House resolves on impeachment proceedings.
Articles of impeachment reported. Efforts to secure a ma-
jority for conviction-Nebraska is admitted into the
Union; Wade's fight for the admission of Colorado. The
power of the chief justice in the impeachment proceedings.
The scope of the impeachment. The trial procedure.
Arguments for conviction. The defense. The House
managers' supreme effort to secure conviction. Acquittal
of President Johnson. Stanton resigns. The president's
conduct till the close of his term. Estimate of Johnson's
influence and course.

VIII A STUDY IN RACE TENDENCIES

PAGES

221-251

The negro as viewed by extremists. A new problem in

civilization. A glance at the past of the black race. The

African slave trade. Social conditions among the Afri-

cans. Religion and morality. Industries. Mission work.

The foundation of Liberia. The negro in America.

Changes following his migration. Slave importation.

Domestic slave trade. Relations between master and slave.

Negro uprisings. Abolition societies and the new ideal

of the negro. First effects of emancipation. Problem of

the mixed race. Influence of Fred Douglass. Negro suf-

frage the new goal. Condition of the mass of Southern

negroes. The place of the Freedmen's Bureau. The

Anglo-Saxon South. Its political and social unity. Agri-

culture. Transportation. Effect of slave labor on South-

ern development. Culture. Education. Politics. Litera-

ture. Possibilities of Reconstruction. Consternation of the

whites. The many-sided outlook. Advent of Northerners.

The Scalawag. The coming of the Carpetbagger.

IX MILITARY ADMINISTRATION IN THE SOUTH 253-284

Southern military districts. Status of the civil govern-

ments of the South. Assumed powers of District com-

manders. Regulations against assemblages of citizens.

Congress nullifies the operation of the Black Codes. Pro-

hibits white militia forces in Southern States. Super-

vision of civil officials. Suspension of elections. Removal

of civil officers by the military commanders. Congress

CHAPTER

validates such removals. Civil law created by military

authority. Code of laws provided by General Sickles for

the second district. Civil decrees in other districts. Con-

flict between the Federal court and the military authority

in North Carolina. Military supervision as to taxation.

Military regulations against race discrimination by com-

mon carriers. Orders as to jurors' qualifications. Military

authority over the civil courts. Suspected conspiracy of

negroes to seize lands. Military attempt to regulate the

press. Congress strengthens the powers of the district

commanders and destroys the supervising power of the

attorney-general. Changes in commands of the military

districts. General Hancock supports the authority of the

civil courts. Résumé of the operations of the military ad-

ministration.

PAGES

X POLITICAL RECONSTRUCTION AT THE SOUTH 285-317

Regulations for registration. Test oath for electors. Elec-

tion for constitutional convention. Popular vote on consti-

tution. Proceedings in Alabama. A constitution adopted.

The white man's movement. The constitution fails to

secure the necessary popular vote. A radical legislature.

Struggle in Congress for the admission of Alabama. Ala-

bama's representatives admitted to Congress. The pro-

cedure in Louisiana. In North Carolina. Adoption of a

constitution. The State admitted to representation in

Congress. Main principles of the new constitution of

South Carolina. The State admitted to representation in

Congress. Georgia adopts a constitution with an inad-

missible clause. It is repealed by the legislature. The

State's Congressmen admitted. The steps in reconstruc-

tion of Florida. The State restored to representation in

Congress. The proceedings in Arkansas. The State re-

stored to representation in Congress. Virginia fails to

vote on the proposed constitution. Mississippi's turbulent

constitutional convention. The constitution lost on a pop-

ular vote. A constitution adopted in Texas, but not sub-

mitted. Some practical results of political reconstruction.

XI CIVIL MISRULE IN THE CAROLINAS.

The legislature of North Carolina.

roads. Misuse of the public

Democratic legislature elected.

on impeachment proceedings.

319-337

State aid to rail-

funds. Military rule. Α

Governor Holden removed

The legislature of South