In chemistry, leading to the degree of analytical chemist (A. C.). In agriculture, leading to the degree of master of science (M. S.). In industrial art, leading to the degree of master of science (M. S.). In literature, leading to the degree of master of science (M. S.). In history and political economy, leading to the degree of master of science (M. S.).

In mathematics, leading to the degree of master of science (M. S.). In electricity leading to the degree of master of science (M. S.).

In biology, leading to the degree of master of science (M. S.). The buildings of the university are University Hall, containing library and reading rooms, biological and geological museum, offices of president of the university and secretary of the board of trustees, lecture rooms and laboratories of department of biology, class rooms for professors of mathematics, literature, history, and political economy, modern languages and elocution, the university academy, the chapel, and the halls of the literary societies.

Industrial Art Hall, containing rooms of professor of industrial art and instructors in wood carving, and also serving as ladies' dormitory. Chemical laboratory, occupied by the department of chemistry and school of pharmacy.

Mechanical laboratory, containing wood and metal shops, forge rooms, foundry, drafting rooms, and testing laboratories.

Agricultural building, occupied by the professors in the school of agriculture and the staff of the experiment station.

Electric laboratory, occupied by school of electrical engineering and civil engineering.

The young men's dormitory.

Military hall.

Peirce Conservatory.

In addition to these are the farm house, the large stock barn built during the summer of 1889 and costing over $6,000, the engine house, engineer's residence, gas works, and others of less importance. The character of the buildings is best illustrated by the sketches accompanying this article.

The university library, while not large, has been selected with unusual care, and is a working library rather than an immense accumulation of books of doubtful value. For the most part the books have been selected by the heads of the various departments to meet the requirements of their work. In addition to the 6,000 volumes of the library the reading room is furnished with all the more important scientific and literary periodicals, both from at home and abroad.

The enrollment of students for the present year will reach over 500, at least 75 per cent. being matriculates of the college proper. The fac ulty consists of 24 professors, 6 instructors, and 6 assistants.

The degrees granted are bachelor of science to graduates of schools of science, agriculture, and industrial art.

Bachelor of mechanical engineering to graduates of schools of mechanical and electrical engineering.

Bachelor of civil engineering to graduates of school of civil engineering.

The advanced degrees granted upon satisfactory completion of prescribed courses and submission of approved theses are master of science, mechanical engineer, and civil engineer, respectively.

Graduates from school of pharmacy receive the degree of pharmaceutical graduate. No honorary degrees have been conferred, though no reason for this exists save in the disinclination of the faculty to recommend for degrees those who have not at some time been students of the university.

It will be seen that the work done by Purdue University is of a kind not furnished by any other college in the State, and that it is faithfully endeavoring to fulfill the spirit of the act of Congress which gave it existence.

FACULTY OF PURDUE UNIVERSITY IN 1891.

James H. Smart, LL. D., President.

William F. M. Goss, A. M., Professor of Practical Mechanics.
Moses C. Stevens, A. M., Professor of Mathematics.

Oscar J. Craig, A. M., Professor of Political Economy and History.
James Troop, M. S., Professor of Horticulture and Entomology.
Arthur L. Green, PH. C., Professor of Pharmacy.

Henry A. Huston, A. M., A. C., Professor of Agricultural Chemistry.
Mrs. Emma Mont McRae, Professor of English Literature.

Joseph C. Arthur, D. SC., Professor of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology.
Alfred E. Phillips, C. E., Professor of Civil Engineering.

Stanley Coulter, A. M., PH. D., Professor of Biology.

William H. P. Creighton, U. S. N., Professor of Mechanical Engineering. Anna Von Holland, Professor of Modern Languages.

Ernest Knaufft, Professor of Industrial Art.

Horace E. Stockbridge, PH. D., Professor of Agriculture.

Albert P. Carmen, D. SC., Professor of Physics and Applied Electricity.

Winthrop E. Stone, PH. D., Professor of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry. Erastus Test, A. M., M. D., Principal of Preparatory Department.

Mrs. Emma P. Ewing, Professor of Domestic Economy.

Theries D. Hinebauch, M. S., V. S., Professor of Veterinary Science.

Bertha A. Reynolds, Instructor in Elocution.

Michael Golden, Instructor in Wood-shop and Foundry.

William P. Turner, Instructor in Forging and Machine Work.

Abner Pickering, U. S. A., Professor of Military Science and Tactics and

Assistant Instructor in Mathematics.

George Spitzer, PH. G., Instructor in Pharmacy.

Otto G. Zerse, PH. C., Special Lecturer in Materia Medica.
Anna E. Baker, B. S., Instructor in Wood Carving.

Dumont Lotz, B. S., Assistant in Chemical Laboratory.
Kate Wentz, B. S., Assistant Instructor in Mathematics.
Henry L. Bolley, M. S., Assistant Instructor in Biology.

William J. Lutz, M. S., Assistant Instructor in Physics and Military Tactics.
L. J. Stabler, Assistant Instructor in Pharmacy.

Jacob M. Sholl, B. M. E., Assistant Instructor in Wood-shop.
William H. Wells, B. M. E., Assistant Instructor in Wood-shop.
Winthrop K. Howe, B. M. E., Assistant Instructor in Shop.
L. D. Swan, Librarian.

The station staff is composed as follows:
Horace E. Stockbridge, PH. D., Director.
William C. Latta, M. S., Agriculturist.
James Troop, M. S., Horticulturist.
Henry A. Huston, A. M., A. C., Chemist.

J. C. Arthur, M. S., D. SC., Botanist.

Francis M. Webster, U. S. Department Entomology, Entomologist.

T. D. Hinebaugh, M. S., D. V. S., Veterinarian.

Arthur Goss, A. C., Assistant Station Chemist.

Pierre Van Landeghem, Florist.

CHAPTER VIII.

INDIANA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.1

The State Normal School of Indiana is located at Terre Haute, Vigo County. To secure the location of the school the city of Terre Haute gave the grounds which the building occupies, and supplemented the legislative appropriation for erecting and furnishing the building, by a donation of $50,000, and obligated itself to pay one-half the necessary expenses for repairs from year to year. The school is a State institution. Aside from the donations stated the institution was organized, and is wholly maintained, at the expense of the State. The school is managed by a president and faculty elected by a board of trustees. The trustees are appointed by the Governor, except the State superintendent of public instruction, who is ex officio a member.

The act which created the institution clearly defines its object in the following language: "There shall be established and maintained, as hereinafter provided, a State normal school, the object of which shall be the preparation of teachers for teaching in the common schools of Indiana." It was thus declared to be a school for the professional training of teachers. This object has never been lost sight of. From the passage of this act in 1865 to the present day the normal school has sought by all means at its command to develop and perfect itself as a professional institution. It is not a school for general culture and edu cation in the ordinary sense. It was created, has been supported, and now exists as a professional school for teachers. Only those are admitted who desire to qualify themselves to be teachers and who promise to teach, if practicable, in the common schools of Indiana for a period equal to twice that spent as students in the school. To be admitted, males must be 18 and females 16 years of age. Under the law, a stated appropriation of $22,000 is made for the support of the institution and this has been supplemented of late years by special allowances to meet the growing demands of the school. The school was opened in January, 1870, since which time it has enrolled about 5,500 students, and has at the present an average term attendance of about 450.

There are three classes of students whose needs the Normal School undertakes to meet. The first class consists of young men and women who have simply a common-school education. They have studied under fair instruction the eight branches required by law to be taught in the common schools of the State. Many of these are persons of excel

By President W. W. Parsons.

lent ability, and have had more or less experience as teachers in the country schools. They come mainly from the farm, and possess habits of regularity, persistence, and industry which are of the utmost value to them as students. This class of students are required to pursue a regular three or four years' course, which embraces, in addition to an extended range of academic study, thorough instruction and drill in all phases of professional work.

The second class is composed of graduates of the leading high schools of the State, and others of equal scholarship.

These receive a formal credit of one year on the course. They are excused from the study of such subjects as they have pursued in the high school, and of which they are found to possess a good academic knowledge. They are required to study all the professional subjects in the course, together with the common school and other branches of which they do not possess a teacher's working knowledge.

The third class is made up of graduates of colleges and others of equivalent scholarship. They possess a range of general scholarship entirely superior to either of the other classes named, but have made no special or professional preparation for teaching. Receiving a credit of three years on the course of study, they are subjected to one year's instruction in all the phases of professional work done in the institution. In other words, the course of study for college graduates is a strictly professional field of work.

To each of these classes certificates of graduation are given on the completion of the course, and at the end of two years' successful teaching after graduation, diplomas are granted, which, by law of the State, are a life license to teach in Indiana.

The following statement, taken from the last annual catalogue, presents quite fully the general object and methods of the school.

On the 20th of December, 1864, it was enacted by the general assembly of Indiana "that there shall be established and maintained, as hereinafter provided, a State Normal School, the object of which shall be the preparation of teachers for teaching in the common schools of Indiana." This statute clearly defines the object of the State Normal School. Its sole function is the preparation of teachers for the State. It is distinctly a professional school. Its central idea is to confer that knowledge which constitutes the science of education, and to train students in the art of instruction and school management. Its leading aim is to give that knowledge and training which belong as distinctively to the teacher as does the science of medicine to the physician or the science of law to the legal practitioner. A school is a normal school, in the sense contemplated in the statute quoted, only when it makes these its controlling ends. That the State Normal School may be held to its one object as a professional institution, only those are admitted to its privileges who intend to prepare for the work of the schoolroom.

By what means does it seek to give that preparation? The answer may be made as follows: