Practical Marine Engineering for Marine Engineers and Students, with Aids for Applicants for Marine Engineers' Licenses

Portada
Marine engineering, 1917 - 982 páginas
 

Contenido

83
104
4 Construction of Watertube Boilers
127
19
133
4 Dry Pipe or Internal Steam Pipe
139
CHAPTER IV
191
SECTION PAGE 24 Air Cones Registers or Tuyeres
201
Amounts of Air for Combustion
208
Air Chambers on Fuel Oil Lines
209
Aids to Combustion
210
Methods of Operating with an OilFired Boiler
211
CHAPTER V
218
Marine Reciprocating Steam Engines
220
The Turbine for Ship Propulsion
231
3 Curtis Turbines
234
4 Combination Machinery
236
5 Reduction Gears
241
6 Hydraulic Reduction Gearing
252
7 Electric Reduction Gear
256
Internal Combustion Engines Explosion
268
2 Heavy Duty Engines
269
4 SemiSpeed Engines
271
5 Two Cycle and Four Cycle Engines
272
6 Predominant Forms of Marine Engines in Service
273
7 The Large Engine
277
8 Starting and Reversing
279
9 DoubleActing Engines
283
10 Cooling Systems
284
11 Fuels
289
The Diesel Oil Engine Progressive Combustion
291
1 Types of Diesel Engines According to the Stroke Cycle
294
2 Description of FourStroke Cycle Diesel Engine
295
3 Outline of the Operation of a Two Cycle Diesel Engine
297
4 The Harris Valveless Engine
299
Producer Gas Installations
305
2 Operation of the Producer
306
3 Producer Gas Engines
307
CHAPTER VI
310
197
312
2 Columns
315
3 Bedplates
319
4 Engine Seating
321
6 Piston Rods
325
7 Crossheads
327
8 Connecting Rods
330
9 Crank Shaft
332
SECTION PAGE 36 Construction of Parsons Turbines
335
1 The Cylinder
336
2 The Rotor
338
4 Blading
340
Construction of Curtis Turbines
341
2 The Rotor
344
5 Blading
345
Other Turbines
346
General Details
347
2 Bearings
350
Western River Boat Practice
359
1 Doctor
365
Engine Fittings
369
2 Main Stop Valve
372
bine Engines
374
4 Cylinder Drain Gear and Relief Valves
376
5 Starting Valves
377
6 Reversing Gear
378
7 Turning Gear
381
8 Joints and Packing
382
9 Reheaters
386
11 Counter Gear
389
13 Lagging
396
15 Turbine Micrometer Gage
413
16 Special Couplings
414
17 Kingsbury Thrust Bearing
417
Piping
423
2 Expansion Joint
426
3 Globe Angle and Straightway Valves
427
CHAPTER VII
430
Condensers
432
1 Condensers for Turbines
435
Air Pumps
438
Feed Pumps and Injectors
443
Auxiliaries for Turbines
448
2 Air Pumps
449
3 Lubricating System
458
4 Water Service
460
Feed Heaters
461
Filters
466
Evaporators
467
Direct Acting Pumps
470
Blowers or Fans
474
Separators
475
Ash Ejector and Ash Expeller
477
Pneumercator
479
1 Draft Indicator for Vessels
481
Time Firing Regulators
484
2 Indicator
487
3 Gong
488
Steain Traps
489
General Arrangement of Machinery
492
CHAPTER VIII
495
2 Double Ported Slide Valve
497
3 Piston Valve
498
4 Equilibrium Piston
502
5 Equilibrium Rings
505
6 Outside and Inside Valves
506
Motion Due to Simple Eccentric and Its Representation by Valve Diagrams
507
2 Oval Valve Diagram
510
3 Bilgram Valve Diagram
516
4 Zeuner Valve Diagram
518
BraemmeMarshall Gear
524
Joy Valve Gear
528
Walschaert Valve Gear
529
Crank Valve Gear
531
Details of Stephenson Link Valve Gear
534
1 Eccentric and Strap and Eccentric Rod
535
2 Link
537
3 Link Block and Valve Stem
539
Valve Setting
541
1 Putting an Engine on the Center
543
2 Setting the Valve
544
3 Valve Setting from the Indicator Card
546
CHAPTER IX
548
Refrigeration by Freezing Mixtures
549
Refrigeration by Vaporization and Expansion
550
Principal Features of Ammonia Refrigerating Apparatus
553
Carbonic Anhydride Refrigerating Machinery
559
Ethyl Chloride Machines
560
Refrigeration by the Expansion of Compressed
564
Introductory
570
The Dynamo
576
Wiring and the Distribution of Light and Power
582
Operation and Care of Electrical Machinery
588
Boiler Overhauling and Repairs
697
2 Leakage from the Joints of Boiler Mountings
702
3 Leakage About Shell Joints
703
4 Leakage at Internal Joints
704
5 Patches
705
6 Cracks and Holes
706
8 Tubes
707
9 Leakage About Stays and Braces
708
10 Bulging or Partial Collapse of Furnace or Combustion Chamber Plates
709
11 Split in Feed Pipe
710
Engine Overhauling Adjustment and Repairs
711
2 Pin Joints and Bearings
712
3 Crosshead Guides
714
4 Crosshead Marks
715
5 Lining Up
716
6 Valve Gear
722
9 Condenser
723
10 Air Pumps
724
12 Piping
725
Laying Up Marine Machinery
726
CHAPTER XIII
731
2 The Indicator Card and the Operation of the Valve Gear
734
3 Working Up Indicator Cards for Power
737
4 Combined Indicator Cards
745
Steam Engine Indicators
749
2 Reducing Motions
753
3 Taking an Indicator Card
756
Torsion Meters
758
1 Calibration of Shafting with Torsion Meter in Place
759
2 GaryCummings Torsion Meter
763
3 HopkinsonThring Torsion Meter
770
CHAPTER XIV
774
2 Heat
775
1 Constitution of Matter
780
SECTION PAGE 4 Total Heat in a Substance
786
Latent Heat in Passing from Ice to Water
788
Steam Boiler Economy
789
2 Evaporation per Pound of Coal
792
3 Evaporation per Pound of Combustible
795
Steam Engine Economy
796
2 Relation of Expansion to Economy
805
3 Economy of the Actual Engine
807
Coal Consumption and Related Problems
808
Development of the Steam Turbine
813
1 Principles of Action
814
2 Superheat
816
Definitions
817
Velocity Diagrams and Work by Steam
821
Action of the Steam in Parsons Turbine
824
I12 Action of the Steam in Curtis Turbine
826
The Lever Safety Valve and the Safety Valve Problem
829
The Boiler Brace Problem
832
Strength of Boilers
837
Loss by Blowing Off
841
Gain by Feed Water Heating
844
The Proportions of Cylinders for Multiple Expansion Engines
845
Clearance and Its Determination
847
The Effect of Clearance in Modifying the Apparent Expansion Ratio as Given by the Point of CutOff
848
Engine Constant
850
Indicated Thrust
851
Reduced Mean Effective Pressure
852
Pressure on Main Guides
855
Force Required to Move a Slide Valve
856
Amount of Condensing Water Required
857
Work Done by Pumps
858
Discharge of Steam Through an Orifice
860
1 Units to be Used
861
2 Approximation and Short Cuts
862
CHAPTER XV
869
2 Reduction of a Mixed Number to an Improper Fraction
870
3 Reduction of an Improper Fraction to a Mixed Number
871
5 Addition of Common Fractions
872
6 Subtraction of Fractions
874
7 Multiplication of Fractions
875
8 Division of Fractions
876
10 Complex Fractions
879
2 To Reduce Decimals to Lower Terms
880
6 To Add Decimals
881
7 To Subtract Decimals
882
Percentage
883
Compound Numbers
886
4 Cubic or Volume Measure
887
8 The Metric System of Weights and Measures
888
10 Reduction of Compound Numbers
889
1 Addition of Compound Numbers
890
13 Multiplication of Compound Numbers
891
Duodecimals
892
Ratio and Proportion
894
2 Compound Proportion
897
Evolution and Involution
899
2 To Extract the Square Root
900
3 To Extract the Cube Root
902
Mathematical Signs Symbols and Operations
904
Geometry and Mensuration
908
2 Rectangle
909
4 Trapezoid
910
6 A Right Angled Triangle
911
7 Trapezium
912
8 Regular Polygons
913
12 Sector of Circle
915
13 Segment of Circle
916
14 Ellipse
917
16 Prism
920
17 Cylinder
921
18 Any Solid with a Constant Section Parallel to the Base Either Right or Oblique
922
20 Right Pyramid
923
22 Right Circular Cone
924
23 General Cone
925
SECTION PAGE 25 Frustum of General Pyramid
926
27 Frustum of General Cone
927
29 Volumes of Irregular Shape
928
30 Volume Generated by Any Area Revolving About an Axis
929
2 To Bisect the Distance Between Two Points
930
5 To Construct a Triangle Having Given the Three Sides
931
9 To Construct a Square Equivalent to a Given Rectangle
932
13 To Construct an Ellipse
933
14 To Construct Any Regular Polygon
934
16 To Develop the Surface of a Cylinder Which is Intersected by Another Cylinder the Two Axes Being in the Same Plane
935
17 To Develop the Surface of a Cone
936
Physics
937
3 Heat Unit
938
Mechanics
939
4 Moment of a Force
940
8 Energy
942
9 Conservation of Energy
943
12 Propositions in Statics
944
13 Mechanical Powers
946
14 Examples in Mechanics
952
656
974
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Página 779 - It has been seen that a heat unit is the quantity of heat required to raise one pound of water one degree in temperature...
Página 893 - In the multiplication of whole numbers, place the multiplier under the multiplicand, and multiply each term of the multiplicand by each term of the multiplier, writing the right-hand figure of each product obtained under the term of the multiplier which produces it.
Página 927 - A sphere is a solid bounded by a curved surface, every point of which is equally distant from a point within called the center.
Página 870 - The number below the line is called the denominator, and shows into how many parts the number or thing is divided. The number above the line is called the numerator, and shows how many parts are expressed by the fraction.
Página 172 - Where P = working pressure in pounds per square inch. D = outside diameter of furnace in inches. L — length of section in inches. T = thickness of plate in sixteenths of an inch. Example.
Página 894 - The ratio between two numbers is simply their numerical relationship expressed as the quotient of the first divided by the second. Thus the ratio of 6 to 3 is 2 ; of 1.2 to 3 is .4; of 4 to 5 is .8, etc.
Página 162 - Multiply one-sixth (1-6) of the lowest tensile strength found stamped on any plate in the cylindrical shell by the thickness — expressed in inches or parts of an inch — of the thinnest plate in the. same cylindrical shell, and divide by the radius or half diameter — also expressed in inches — and the...
Página 177 - ... of the greatest pitch of the stay, riveted to the outside of the plates, and stays having one nut inside of the plate, and one nut outside of the washer or doubling strip. For T take 72 percent of the combined thickness of the plate and washer or plate and doubling strip.
Página 175 - The diameter of a screw stay shall be taken at the bottom of the thread, provided this is the least diameter.

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