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The next mill was the Vass Mill, at Vass, N. C. Here there were 3 children aged 14 who had worked over a year, and 2 aged 13-5 children in that mill.

The next was at Randleman, N. C., the Deep River Manufacturing Co. I spent a half a day there and found 1 child aged 13 and I aged 12.

The next was the Ivanhoe Mills, at Smithfield, N. C. One child aged 14, who had worked three and a half years; two children aged 12, one of whom had worked three and a half years and 1 one year; three children at Ivanhoe.

The next was at Smithfield, N. C., the Smithfield Mill. One child aged 14, who had worked two years, and three aged 13, two of whom had worked two years and one three years, making a total of three children at that mill.

The next was the Ethel Mill, at Selma, N. C. Here I found two children aged 14 who had worked two years, one aged 14 who had worked three years, one aged 13, and two aged 12; six children in that mill.

Senator POMERENE. Have you tabulated those figures?

Miss SINCLAIR. Do you mean have I them in another form? Senator POMERENE. Yes. We do not care to have you go into all of the details of this matter. We would like you to give the result, which will serve the same purpose.

Miss SINCLAIR. In the 28 mills I found 67 children 14 years of age who had been worked over a year; 102 such children 13 years of age; 53 children 12 years of age; and children under 12 years of age, 19. Does that give you the information?

Senator POMERENE. That gives us the information, and whatever merit there is in it we will get that from the sum totals, without going into the details of each. If you care to furnish us a table to be incorporated in your testimony showing the number in each mill, that you can do, and it will serve our time as well.

Miss SINCLAIR. I would like to speak of this mill that I visited at Salisbury, because it brings out the fact that we were discussing, the attendance officer. The attendance officer was the State superintendent and the mill authority was, of course, under his supervision. I went to him and talked to him about the matter and he said he never had occasion to prosecute anybody for not sending a child to school, although there were cases which he refused to give me, or even give me access into the mill. I might explain that one of the mill manufacturers was one of his school committee managers.

The ACTING CHAIRMAN. Now, can you tell us the number of employees in these mills, and the number of children below 14 and below 16?

Miss SINCLAIR. I can not tell you those below 16, because I have not made that investigation. I can give you those below 14 for the 28 mills I visited.

Senafor POMERENE. You do not know the number of operatives in all of those mills?

Miss SINCLAIR. I can give that to you. It is not in these reports, but I can make that out.

The ACTING CHAIRMAN. If you care to do that, we will be glad to have it.

(The report referred to is as follows.)

Figures taken from report of commissioner of labor and printing, North Carolina, for 1913, for the 28 cotton mills investigated by Miss Eunice Sinclair, to which is added the number of children found by Miss Sinclair in each mill who were or had been illegally employed.

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Mr. KITCHIN. I would be glad to ask one or two questions that may perhaps throw some light upon the subject. Miss Sinclair, it is lawful in North Carolina to employ children under 13 at the present time, is it not?

Miss SINCLAIR. Yes, sir.

Mr. KITCHIN. Now you have, boys, 11 under 11 years of age.

Miss SINCLAIR. Yes, sir; that means 11.

Mr. KITCHIN. Do you know what mills they were in?

Miss SINCLAIR. Yes, sir.

Mr. KITCHIN. How many mills had those 11?

Miss SINCLAIR. I could not tell you that.

Mr. KITCHIN. I wish you would give us a statement as to that.

Miss SINCLAIR. I will give that statement.

Mr. KITCHIN. Could you give the names of the mills?

Miss SINCLAIR. Yes, sir.

Mr. KITCHIN. And you say that there were six under 10 years

age?

Miss SINCLAIR. Yes, sir.

Mr. KITCHIN. But you do not remember where?
Miss SINCLAIR. No, sir; I will make that out.

Mr. KITCHIN. And there were some, too, that you
Miss SINCLAIR. Yes, sir.

said were 9?

Mr. KITCHIN. You do not know whether or not those who were 12 years worked as apprentices to some one else? Miss SINCLAIR. They were being paid.

Mr. KITCHIN. But you do not know whether they were given employment as helper to some one else or as independent workers?

Miss SINCLAIR. In some cases I do; when they go in as helpers their pay is added to that of their sisters or brothers, or whomever they help.

The CHAIRMAN. When did you make this investigation?

Miss SINCLAIR. In the past six months.

Mr. KITCHIN. And you visited 28 mills and found 19 that appeared contrary to law; that is, under any construction of our law?

Miss SINCLAIR. Yes, sir; I mean under 14.

Mr. KITCHIN. Under 14, of course, it was lawful in North Carolina and under 13 it was lawful?

Miss SINCLAIR. Yes, sir.

Mr. KITCHIN. Provided they were 12 years of age and in an apprenticeship capacity?

Miss SINCLAIR. Yes, sir.

Mr. KITCHIN. SO you found in visiting 28 mills 19 children, that it would be, according to your opinion, unlawful to employ?

Miss SINCLAIR. Nineteen children under 12 years of age.

(Miss Sinclair was thereupon excused.)

The following reports were directed to be inserted in the record for the information of the committee.

REPORTS.

SUMMARY OF REPORT ON 28 NORTH CAROLINA COTTON MILLS.

174

72

19

8

2

51

22

24

118

Total number of children under 14 found at work..
Total number of children under 13 found at work.
Total number of children under 12 found at work.
Total number of children under 11 found at work.
Total number of children under 10 found at work.
Number of children now 14 employed before they were 13.
Number of children now 13 employed before they were 12.
Number of children now 14 employed before they were 12.
Number of children who were or had been illegally employed.
In 3 of the 28 mills no children were found illegally employed.
Assuming that these 28 mills investigated present average conditions as to the
illegal employment of children, in the 308 cotton mills of North Carolina there would
be eleven times as many such children, or 1,298.

HOLT WILLIAMSON MILLS.

Belle Kinlaw, aged 14, has worked one year; appearance, tall, very slight, stoop shouldered, sallow faced.

Lowena Reeves, aged 13; father, F. J. Reeves; worked two months.

Hoyd Bailey, aged 12, has worked three months; father, W. Bailey.

Stanley Tart, aged 10; father, J. A. Tart.

Alex Stewart, aged 14, has worked three years; Morrison Stewart, aged 13; stepfather, H. D. Jones.

Lottie Tims, aged 13, has worked two years; father, Charles Tims.

HOPE MILLS.

Lola Langley, aged 13, has worked two years; mother, Mrs. Dora Langley.

Kelly Deever, aged 12, has worked one year; father, Enoch Deever.

Oliver Cameron, aged 12, has worked three months; aunt, Mrs. Charlotte Autrey.

NECRONSET MILLS.

Alice Autrey, aged 15, has worked three months; mother, Mrs. Charlotte Autrey. James Lovick, aged 9; father, George Lovick.

Willie Graham, aged 15, has worked two years; stepfather, John Morrison.

Bertha Deed, aged 13, has worked one year; Clude Deed, aged 12;1 Charlie Deed, aged 9; father, Gentry Dees.

Lee Davis, aged 13, has worked one year; Alice Davis, aged 11;1 father, A. T. Davis. Walter L. McLeod, aged 13, has worked three years; Annie McLeod, aged 10;1 father, Robert McLeod.

Carl Poell, aged 13, has worked three years; Irving Poell, aged 10;1 stepfather, J. W. Boone.

Dewey Hall, aged 14, has worked one year; mother, Mrs. Mary Hall.

Katie B. Creel, aged 13, has worked one year; Annie M. Creel, aged 11;1 mother, Mrs. Annie Creel.

John Guiton, aged 16, has worked three years; Lottie Guiton, aged 14, has worked one year; Annie P. Guiton, aged 12, has worked two months; Frank Guiton, aged 10.1 Cumberland Mills village made a rather interesting study. Being segregated as it is, has developed a positve monarchy, and yet owing to the excellent situation it might be a model mill community. The children under 10 years were allowed "to play" in the factory. “Play” here defined I found to mean assisting the father, brother, or sister. While they were not receiving wages they were permitted to work. James Lovick, whom you find mentioned in report, was one of these privileged characters up to a few weeks ago, when he was indiscreet enough to become caught in a band, and narrowly escaped death.

RAEFORD POWER & MANUFACTURING CO.

Joe Williams, aged 15, has worked six years; father, C. P. Williams.
Baxter Pervatt, aged 16, has worked four years; father, E. L. Pervatt.
Luther Pervatt, aged 13, has worked three months; father, E. L. Pervatt.
Erie Blake, aged 16, has worked six years; father, J. T. Blake.
Lena Blake, aged 14, has worked two years; father, J. T. Blake.
May Blake, aged 13, has worked two months; father, J. T. Blake.
Mallie Holt, aged 14, has worked four years; father, M. II. Holt.
Lauder Stedman, aged 16, has worked five years; father, J. J. Stedman.
Willie Redwine, aged 14, has worked two years; father, Jesse Redwine.
Annie Sanders, aged 14, has worked three years; father, A. D. Sanders.
Vera Williams, aged 14, has worked one year; father, T. R. Williams.
Willie Norton, aged 13, has worked two months; mother, Mrs. Sallie Norton.
Vera Campbell, aged 14, has worked two years; father, Dave Campbell.
Clyde Campbell, aged 12, has worked three months; father, Dave Campbell.
Lizzie Perkins, aged 12, has worked one year; father, W. L. Perkins.
Dannie Price, aged 13, has worked one year; father, D. J. Price.

Ida Lancaster, aged 13, has worked one year; mother, Mrs. W. L. Lancaster.

SANFORD COTTON MILLS.

Myrtie Lee Love, aged 13, has worked one year; mother, Mrs. Nannie Love.
Cleatis Spivey, aged 12, has worked 1 month; grandmother, Mrs. Nancy Spivey.
Lillie McCougal, aged 13, has worked three months; grandfather, D. J. Robinson.
Eddie Stutts, aged 13, has worked six months; father, J. A. Stutts.
Gladys Stone (boy), aged 13, has worked three months; father, Henry Stone.
Nora Tally, aged 14, has worked six months; father, M. J. Tally.
Forest McBryde, aged 13, has worked two months; father, N. J. McBryde.
Lelia Maynor, aged 14, has worked two years; father, Martin Maynor.
Willie Maynor, aged 12, has worked six months; father, Martin Maynor.
Sadie Clark, aged 13, has worked four months; father, Oscar Clark.
Lillie Clark, aged 12, has worked two weeks; father, Oscar Clark.
Minnie Wilkie, aged 14, has worked four years; mother, Mrs. Artelia Wilkie.
Arn Blalock, aged 13, has worked three months; mother, Mrs. J. S. Blalock.
Lovey Hilliard, aged 14, has worked one year; mother, Mrs. Anna Hilliard.
Lester Harden, aged 13, has worked two months; mother, Mrs. Annie Harden.
Newton Davis, aged 13, has worked three months; mother, Mrs. Delia Davis.

1 Children allowed to work without wages.

VASS COTTON MILL CO.

Nettie Thomas, aged 13, has worked three months; father, J. R. Thomas.

Harvey Blake, aged 14, has worked three years (three years in High Point and two months in Vass); father, J. R. Blake.

Flossie Odom, aged 14, worked two years in Sanford and has worked six months in Vass; father, Deevy Odom.

Pauline Dowden, aged 13, has worked one year; father, J. B. Dowden.

Annie Rooney McNeill, aged 14, has worked one year; father, M. J. McNeill.

RANDLEMAN, N. C.

Hope Corner, aged 13, has worked one year; mother, Mrs. Ida Corner (father deserted; family unhealthy; struggle to live). Gertie Corner, aged 17, earns $5 to $6 per week; Lillie Corner, aged 15, earns $3 to $4 per week; Jesse Corner, aged 11, in school.

Charles D. McCaskill, aged 12, works in summer at 50 cents per day, goes to school in winter; father, Alec McCaskill, earns $1.50 per day. Other members of family: James McCaskill, aged 8, in school; Edna McCaskill, aged 6; Irene McCaskill, aged 3. House rent, 50 cents per week. Family apparently comfortable.

IVANHOE MILL, SMITHFIELD, N. C.

Maud Edwards, aged 15, has worked four years; receives 50 cents per day; father, John B. Edwards. Family in debt for grocery bill accumulated during three weeks while mill was closed. Mother states that it will require all winter to get rid of this debt while keeping up other expenses.

Ornal Royalls, aged 15, has worked three and one-half years; receives 85 cents per day; Ollie Royalls, aged 14, has worked three and one-half years; receives 85 cents per day; Jessie Royalls, aged 12, has worked three and one-half years; receives 75 cents per day; Mother, Mrs. Annie Royalls. Father killed in lumber mill four years ago. Family moved here shortly after and these three children were put in the mill. Nine in family.

Maude Wallace, aged 12, has worked one year; receives 90 cents per day; mother, Mrs. Mary A. Wallace. Has two older sisters who also work, one receiving $7 and the other $6 per week.

Gertie Parish, aged 15, has worked four years; father, Henry Parish. Gertie earns 75 cents per day; her father $1.25 per day. Seventy-five cents per week is deducted for rent, and there are four children younger than Gertie.

James Monroe, aged 15, has worked three years; earns 75 cents per day; Annie Monroe, aged 13, has worked two years; earns 45 cents per day. Father, J. E. Monroe, works at various trades and farms. Seven children in family; oldest girl and boy earning, respectively, 65 cents and $1 per day; next boy unable to work, and two children younger than James and Annie.

Luther Hall, aged 14, has worked two years; earns 75 cents per day; Minnie Hall, aged 13, has worked two years; earns 60 cents per day. Father, W. C. Hall, earns $1.25 per day. Seven children; oldest boy and girl earning, respectively, $1 and 75 cents per day. (Note that girl 18 makes same wage as boy 14.) Three children younger than Minnie.

Nettie Jones, aged 15, has worked three years; George Jones, aged 13, has worked three years; mother, Mrs. Rebecca Jones. Mother has a struggle to live. After father's death oldest boy ran away, but sends mother $1 per week. Four children younger than George. Mother works in mill several days out of each week.

ETHEL MILL, SELMA, N. C.

Annie Creech, aged 15, has worked five years; father, C. W. Creech. Father unable to work. Two older sisters, one working in telephone office and one in mill; also three children younger than Annie.

Nancy Jones, aged 14, has worked two years; mother, Mrs. S. H. Jones. Has two older sisters working in mill and one brother aged 10. Raymond Earp, aged 12, has worked

four children younger than Raymond.

years; mother, Mrs. Willie Earp. There are

Lizzie Miller, aged 14, has worked two years; Lillie Miller, aged 13, has worked two years; father, Charlie Miller. Father keeps store, and oldest brother, Willie, works in mill; is said to have worked since he was 9 years old. Three children younger than Lillie.

27896-16- -12

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