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adoption of this constitution, each of said districts shall be entitled to one senator, except the first district, which shall be entitled to three senators.

SEC. 8. The same rules shall be applied, in apportioning the fractions of senatorial districts, and in annexing districts, which may hereafter have less than three-fourths of a senatorial ratio, as are applied to representative districts.

SEC. 9. Any county forming part of a senatorial district, having acquired a population equal to a full senatorial ratio, shall be made a separate senatorial district, at any regular decennial apportionment, if a full senatorial ratio shall be left in the district from which it shall be taken.

SEC. IO. For the first ten years, after the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, the apportionment of representatives shall be as provided in the schedule, and no change shall ever be made in the principles of representation, as herein established, or, in the senatorial districts, except as above provided. All territory, belonging to a county at the time of any apportionment, shall, as to the right of representation and suffrage, remain an integral part thereof, during the decennial period.

SEC. II. The governor, auditor, and secretary of state, or any two of them, shall at least six months prior to the October election, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and, at each decennial period thereafter, ascertain and determine the ratio of representation, according to the decennial census, the number of representatives and senators each county or district shall be entitled to elect, and for what years, within the next ensuing ten years, and the governor shall cause the same to be published, in such manner as shall be directed by law.

SEC. 12.

follows:

JUDICIAL APPORTIONMENT

For judicial purposes, the state shall be apportioned as

The county of Hamilton shall constitute the first district, which shall not be subdivided; and the judges therein, may hold separate courts or separate sittings of the same court, at the same time.

The counties of Butler, Preble and Darke shall constitute the first subdivision; Montgomery, Miami and Champaign, the second; and Warren, Clinton, Greene, and Clark, the third subdivision, of the second district; and, together, shall form such district.

The counties of Shelby, Auglaize, Allen, Hardin, Logan, Union, and Marion, shall constitute the first subdivision; Mercer, Van Wert, Putnam, Paulding, Defiance, William, Henry, and Fulton, the second; and Wood, Seneca, Hancock, Wyandot, and Crawford, the third subdivision of the third district; and, together, shall form such district.

The counties of Lucas, Ottawa, Sandusky, Erie and Huron, shall constitute the first subdivision; Lorain, Medina, and Summit, the second; and the county of Cuyahoga, the third subdivision, of the fourth district; and, together, shall form such district.

The counties of Clermont, Brown, and Adams, shall constitute the first subdivision; Highland, Ross, and Fayette, the second; and Pickaway, Franklin, and Madison, the third subdivision, of the fifth district; and, together, shall form such district.

The counties of Licking, Knox, and Delaware, shall constitute the first subdivision; Morrow, Richland, and Ashland, the second; and Wayne, Holmes, and Coshocton, the third subdivision, of the sixth district; and, together, shall form such district.

The counties of Fairfield, Perry, and Hocking, shall constitute the first subdivision; Jackson, Vinton, Pike, Scioto, and Lawrence, the second; and Gallia, Meigs, Athens, and Washington, the third subdivision of the seventh district; and, together, shall form such district. The counties of Muskingum, and Morgan, shall constitute the first subdivision; Guernsey, Belmont, and Monroe, the second; and Jefferson, Harrison, and Tuscarawas, the third subdivision, of the eighth district; and, together, shall form such district.

The counties of Stark, Carroll, and Columbiana, shall constitute the first subdivision; Trumbull, Portage, and Mahoning, the second; and Geauga, Lake, and Ashtabula, the third subdivision, of the ninth district; and, together, shall form such district.

SEC. 13. The General Assembly shall attach any new counties, that may hereafter be erected, to such districts, or subdivisions thereof as shall be most convenient.

SEC. I.

ARTICLE XII

FINANCE AND TAXATION

No poll tax shall ever be levied in this state, or service required, which may be commuted in money or other thing of value. [Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.]

SEC. 2. Laws shall be passed, taxing by a uniform rule, all moneys, credits, investments in bonds, stocks, joint stock companies, or otherwise; and also all real and personal property according to its true value in money, excepting all bonds at present outstanding of the state of Ohio or of any city, village, hamlet, county, or township in this state or which have been issued in behalf of the public schools in Ohio and the means of instruction in connection therewith, which bonds so at present outstanding shall be exempt from taxation; but burying grounds, public schoolhouses, houses used exclusively for public worship, institutions used exclusively for charitable purposes, public property used exclusively for any public purpose, and personal property, to an amount not exceeding in value five hundred dollars, for each individual, may, by general laws, be exempted from taxation; but all such laws shall be subject to alteration or repeal; and the value of all property, so exempted, shall, from time to time, be ascertained and published as may be directed by law. [Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.]

SEC. 3. The General Assembly shall provide, by law, for taxing the notes and bills discounted or purchased, moneys loaned, and all other property, effects, or dues, of every description, (without deduction), of all banks now existing, or hereafter created, and of all bankers, so that all property employed in banking, shall always bear a burden of taxation, equal to that imposed on the property of individuals.

SEC. 4. The General Assembly shall provide for raising revenue, sufficient to defray the expenses of the state, for each year, and also a sufficient sum to pay the interest on the state debt.

SEC. 5. No tax shall be levied, except in pursuance of law; and every law imposing a tax, shall state, distinctly, the object of the same, to which only, it shall be applied.

SEC. 6. Except as otherwise provided in this constitution the state shall never contract any debt for purposes of internal improvement. [Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.]

SEC. 7. Laws may be passed providing for the taxation of the right to receive, or to succeed to, estates, and such taxation may be uniform or it may be so graduated as to tax at a higher rate the right to receive, or to succeed to, estates of larger value than to estates of smaller value. Such tax may also be levied at different rates upon collateral and direct inheritances, and a portion of each estate not exceeding twenty thousand dollars may be exempt from such taxation. [Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.]

SEC. 8. Laws may be passed providing for the taxation of incomes,

and such taxation may be either uniform or graduated, and may be applied to such incomes as may be designated by law; but a part of each annual income not exceeding three thousand dollars may be exempt from such taxation. [Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.]

SEC. 9. Not less than fifty per centum of the income and inheritance taxes that may be collected by the state shall be returned to the city, village or township, in which said income and inheritance tax originate. [Adopted Sept. 3,. 1912.]

SEC. 10.

Laws may be passed providing for excise and franchise taxes and for the imposition of taxes upon the production of coal, oil, gas and other minerals. [Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.]

SEC. II. No bonded indebtedness of the state, or any political subdivisions thereof, shall be incurred or renewed, unless, in the legislation under which such indebtedness is incurred or renewed, provision is made for levying and collecting annually by taxation an amount sufficient to pay the interest on said bonds, and to provide a sinking fund for their final redemption at maturity. [Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.]

ARTICLE XIII

CORPORATIONS

SEC. 1. The General Assembly shall pass no special act conferring corporate powers.

SEC. 2. Corporations may be formed under general laws; but all such laws may, from time to time, be altered or repealed. Corporations may be classified and there may be conferred upon proper boards, commissions or officers, such supervisory and regulatory powers over their organization, business and issue and sale of stocks and securities, and over the business and sale of the stocks and securities of foreign corporations and joint stock companies in this state, as may be prescribed by law. Laws may be passed regulating the sale and conveyance of other personal property, whether owned by a corporation, joint stock company or individual. [Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.]

SEC. 3. Dues from private corporations shall be secured by such means as may be prescribed by law, but in no case shall any stockholder be individually liable otherwise than for the unpaid stock owned by him or her; except that stockholders of corporations authorized to receive money on deposit shall be held individually responsible, equally and ratably, and not one for another, for all contracts, debts, and

engagements of such corporations, to the extent of the amount of their stock therein, at the par value thereof, in addition to the amount invested in such shares. No corporation not organized under the laws of this state, or of the United States, or person, partnership or association shall use the word "bank," "banker" or "banking," or words of similar meaning in any foreign language, as a designation or name under which business may be conducted in this state unless such corporation, person, partnership or association shall submit to inspection, examination and regulation as may hereafter be provided by the laws of this state. [Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.]

SEC. 4. The property of corporations, now existing or hereafter created, shall forever be subject to taxation, the same as the property of individuals.

SEC. 5. No right of way shall be appropriated to the use of any corporation, until full compensation therefor be first made in money, or first secured by a deposit of money, to the owner, irrespective of any benefit from any improvement proposed by such corporation; which compensation shall be ascertained by a jury of twelve men, in a court of record, as shall be prescribed by law.

SEC. 6. The General Assembly shall provide for the organization of cities, and incorporated villages, by general laws, and restrict their power of taxation, assessment, borrowing money, contracting debts and loaning their credit, so as to prevent the abuse of such power.

SEC. 7. No act of the General Assembly, authorizing associations with banking powers, shall take effect until it shall be submitted to the people, at the general election next succeeding the passage thereof, and be approved by a majority of all the electors, voting at such election.

ARTICLE XIV

JURISPRUDENCE

SEC. I. The General Assembly, at its first session after the adoption of this constitution, shall provide for the appointment of three commissioners, and prescribe their tenure of office, compensation, and the mode of filling vacancies in said commission.

SEC. 2. The said commissioners shall revise, reform, simplify, and abridge the practice, pleadings, forms, and proceedings of the courts of record of this state; and, as far as practicable and expedient, shall provide for the abolition of the distinct forms of action at law, now in use,

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