and imbuing their hearts with the sentiments of religion and virtue; and whereas, it is the duty of an enlightened and patriotic Legislature to authorize, protect, and foster institutions established for the promotion of these important objects: Be it enacted," etc. One of the provisions of this charter was that "It shall not be lawful for any person to establish, keep, or maintain any store, or shop of any description, for vending any species of merchandise, groceries, or confectioneries," within a mile and a half of the University, under the penalty of a sum not less than five hundred dollars; the form of deeds granted in the sale of University lots requiring the forfeiture of the lot to the University when those restrictions were violated.

THE UNIVERSITY ORGANIZED.

On November 24, 1836, the University was organized by the election of the following officers and faculty: Rev. C. P. Beman, D. D., president, and professor of chemistry and natural philosophy; Hon. Eugenius A. Nisbet, vice-president, and professor of belles-lettres and mental philosophy; Rev. Samuel K. Talmage, professor of ancient languages; Rev. C. W. Howard,1 chaplain and lecturer on moral philosophy and evidences of Christianity; and N. Macon Crawford, professor of mathematics and astronomy.

The corner-stone of the University was laid with appropriate ceremonies, and an address was delivered by Chief-Justice Joseph Henry Lumpkin, March 31, 1837. The main college edifice had been commenced the August before, and was completed in July, 1840. This building Professor Talmage, writing in 1842,2 thus describes: "It is a brick structure, painted white, two stories high, beside a basement. It is constructed after the Grecian-Doric order, without and within. The cen tral part contains the finest college chapel in the United States; its whole dimensions are fifty-two feet front by eighty-nine feet deep, including a colonnade fourteen feet deep, supported by four massive pillars, and the vestibule to the chapel eleven feet deep. The dimensions of the chapel are forty-eight feet by sixty in the main story, and fortyeight by seventy-one in the gallery, the latter extending over the vestibule. The ceiling of the chapel is in the form of an elliptical arch, resting on a rich cornice, and containing a chaste and ornamental centre piece. Attached to the building are two wings, thirty feet front by

Doctor Howard is entitled to special notice and credit by virtue of the fact that it was at his suggestion and through his personal exertions that the Midway Seminary was established, under the auspices and patronage, as we have seen, of the Hopewell Presbytery. To him likewise belongs the honor of having been instrumental in transforming the school into a college; of proposing the name of Oglethorpe University, which the institution afterward bore; and of having raised, in one year, in Georgia, an endowment fund of one hundred and twenty thousand dollars. (See T. P. Janes's Hand-Book of Georgia, pp. 201–2.)

See Georgia Illustrated, pp. 7-8,

11409-No. 4-6

thirty-four deep, and three stories high; making the entire front of the edifice one hundred and twelve feet in length. Each story in the wings is divided into a professor's office in front, and a recitation or lecture room in the rear. There are in the basement story and the wings sixteen rooms, affording ample accommodations, museum, apparatus, and all other conveniences for college purposes." On each side of the campus there was a row of dormitories of one story for the habitation of the students. The other buildings were the president's house, on the south side of the campus, below the dormitories; the academy, a large two-story edifice, opposite it on the north side; and an old chapel, the interior of which was converted into recitation rooms.

The college commenced operations in January, 1838. From that time the number of students gradually increased until 1842, when it amounted to one hundred and twenty-five. Of these, fifty were in the collegiate and seventy-five in the preparatory department. The first class was

graduated in the fall of 1839.

The college year was divided into two sessions. The winter session, which began the collegiate year, opened on the first Monday in January and closed on the second Wednesday in May. The summer session began four weeks after the latter date, and closed on Commencement Day, the Wednesday after the second Monday in November.

In the fall of 1839 the Presbytery, at the request of the board of trustees, offered the institution to the Synod of South Carolina and Georgia, by whom it was unanimously accepted.

President Beman resigned his position in 1841. In November of the same year the Rev. Samuel K. Talmage, a graduate of Princeton, and uncle of the present Dr. T. De Witt Talmage, was called to the presi dency of the college. He remained in office until his death, which occurred September 2, 1865.

The exercises of Oglethorpe University were suspended toward the close of the War through the lack of necessary funds; and from 1867 to 1869 the college was still struggling with financial difficulties. All at tempts at reorganization had proved fruitless, and the several elections made had been repulsed by declinations. Finally, on October 6, 1869, Rev. W. M. Cunningham was chosen president. He died, however, before the reopening of the college, and on March 31, 1870, Dr. David Wills was appointed his successor. About the same time it was decided to remove the University to Atlanta, where its exercises were resumed in October, 1870, with Doctor Wills as president. After continuing its operations for a year or two, in 1872 the institution was closed, and has not since been reopened, though its organization is maintained through the board of trustees, who meet annually in Atlanta.

1 These were placed twelve feet apart, and each one was divided into two rooms eighteen feet square.

2 See Doctor Talmage's sketch of Oglethorpe University, in Georgia Illustrated, p. 8.

The apparatus and other property have been returned to Midway, and, with the former buildings of the college, are used and occupied by the Talmage High School, which was well patronized in 1876, the property being then worth twenty-five thousand dollars.'

Recently the question of reorganizing and rehabilitating Oglethorpe University has been discussed by the Presbyterians of Georgia. Among the plans suggested is the purchase of some four hundred acres of land at Kirkwood, near Atlanta, including one of the finest groves in the State, as a site for the college.

ROME FEMALE COLLEGE.

This institution, while several years the junior of Oglethorpe University, has this advantage over the latter, that it is still in active existence. The Rome Female College is the outgrowth of the Rome Female Academy, which was established in 1845 by Rev. and Mrs. J. M. M. Caldwell. The college was incorporated and began its work in 1857 under the auspices of the Synod of Georgia. In common with similar institutions under the control of that body, it passed into private hands in 1862, becoming the property of its president, Doctor Caldwell. After seven years of great prosperity,3 the approach of contending armies in 1864 rendered the suspension of the college a necessity. Another seven years elapsed before it was reopened, under the direction of its former president, in 1871. Since that year it has steadily grown in usefulness, and has maintained its position in the front rank of institutions of learning.

The present faculty of the college consists of nine instructors. One of them, Prof. S. C. Caldwell, has been connected with Doctor Caldwell in his labors for more than twenty years, and is well known in the South as an accomplished and successful teacher of the sciences (physical and metaphysical) and higher mathematics.

The course of study, as prescribed in the collegiate department, occupies five years. The classes are, respectively, the Senior, Junior, Sophomore, Novian, and sub-Novian, the last named being preparatory in its character. Beside the collegiate, there is likewise an art and also a music department. The art department is fully equipped for instruc1See Janes's Hand-Book of Georgia, p. 202.

2 Previous to the War there were two flourishing female institutions under the care and management of the Synod of Georgia. One of them, located at Greensborough, and called the Greensborough Female College, was opened January 2, 1852. (White's Historical Collections of Georgia, p. 477.) The other was situated at Griffin and known as the Synodical Female College. (Ibid., p. 634.) It was incorporated by act of January 22d of the same year. The Rev. Dr. I. S. K. Axson, of Savannah, was at one time connected with the former, and Rev. Carlisle P. B. Martin for some years associated with the latter, in the capacity of president. The Griffin Synodical Female College was used as a hospital during the War, and was burned in 1864.

During the first seven years of its existence (from 1857 to 1864) Rome Female Colege had an average attendance of one hundred and twenty-five pupils.

tion in oil, water-color, and pastel painting, crayon and pencil drawing, china painting, and other modes of decorative art. A fine series of plaster casts and models is provided for the use of the "sketch class," and regular exercises in drawing from living subjects are given twice a week. The success achieved in this department of the college is a source of just pride. A bronze medal was awarded its exhibit of scholars' work, consisting of fifty free-hand and crayon drawings, at the Paris Exposition of 1878. A number of its pupils are now teachers of painting and drawing in other institutions, and several have estab lished profitable private studios.

The department of instrumental and vocal music is well supplied with facilities for instruction and practice, and gives general satisfaction.

The college possesses a valuable collection of physical and chemical apparatus, a cabinet of minerals and fossils, especially rich in Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee specimens, and a large and well-selected library.

The attendance here during the sessions of 1885–86 and 1886–87 was about one hundred students. This diminution in the numbers attending has been due in large measure to the effect of the establishment of public schools in the city of Rome.

* *

One feature in the Rome Female College has not been touched upon. We refer to the noble relief which the institution has for many years been giving to indigent Presbyterian ministers who need help in the preparation of their daughters for the avocation of teachers. This work was commenced immediately after the War, and since that time, as we are informed by President Caldwell, over seventy-five daughters of such ministers, residing in nine different States, have received suc cor. "We have now five daughters of ministers," he says, "who are being aided. * The results have been eminently good, and the need of this kind of help is such that we do not wish to suspend it. It should be perpetuated; this is one object before us." One of the motives prompting the contemplated purchase of the college property by the citizens of Rome, for presentation to the trustees of the Synod, on condition that that body will at once proceed to raise funds for the enlargement, more thorough equipment, and fuller endowment of the school-is that the opportunities for aiding the daughters of indigent ministers may be increased.

1 Letter dated March 3, 1888.

METHODIST INSTITUTIONS.

EMORY COLLEGE.1

In the month of December, 1836, the first and foremost Methodist colleges in Georgia were chartered. The act incorporating Emory College passed the General Assembly on the 10th of that month, and the act which provided for the foundation of what is now called the Wesleyan Female College, at Macon, received its assent on the 23d of the same month. Both are denominational institutions. They are now, and have at all times been, conducted under the supervision and auspices of the North and South Georgia Conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church Sonth. Latterly the co-operative patronage of the Florida Conference has been added. These colleges belong to the great quartette of educational factors of which the University of Georgia and Mercer University are the other members, the presence and influence of which are generally felt and acknowledged throughout the State. Emory College is located in the town of Oxford, Newton County, though its original site was at Covington. By the first section of the bill establishing the college a board of seventeen trustees, consisting, among others, of Ignatius A. Few, Lovick Pierce, and George F. Pierce, was appointed to take charge of it. The first formal meeting of this board was held February 6, 1837, in Covington. Twelve of the members were present, and Mr. Few was elected president of the body. One of the objects of this meeting was to inspect the lands offered for the contemplated institution and to locate the college and campus. The trustees visited the lands February 7, 1837.

At a meeting held on the 8th of the ensuing December, Ignatius A. Few, LL. D., was chosen president of the college, and the organization of the faculty was completed by the election of Archelaus H. Mitchell as professor of moral philosophy, "and, for the time being, professor of mental philosophy and belles-lettres;" Alexander Means' as professor

1 White's Historical Collections of Georgia. New York, 1854. Pp. 574–5. Thomas P. Janes's Hand-Book of Georgia. Atlanta, Ga., 1876. Page 187.

Seney Hall: An address by Atticus G. Haygood, D. D., President of Emory College, Oxford, Ga., on the occasion of laying the corner-stone by Pishop G. F. Pierce, D. D., LL. D., June 8, 1881. Macon, Ga., 1881. Pp. 16.

Henderson's Commonwealth of Georgia, pp. 268-9.

President's Report of Emory College, Oxford, Ga., and Wesleyan Female College, Macon, Ga., to the patronizing Conferences, December, 1886. Pp. 3-12.

Catalogues of Emory College, 1856-57, 1869-70, 1877-78, 1882–83, 1886–87, and 1887-88. History of the Department of Technology of Emory College. (September number of Dixie. Atlanta, Ga., 1887. Pp. 552-4.)

White's Statistics of Georgia, pp 78-9.

Bishop Simpson's Cyclopædia of Methodism. Revised ed., 1882. Page 340.

2 Mr. Means was the fourth president of Emory College. It is noteworthy that to him more than to any other person has been due the removal of the college to its present site. (See Haygood's Seney Hall address, p. 4.)