AMERICAN FARMER. "An intelligent farmer in the neighbourhood "The practice of burning straw and gorse on cess at Holkham, will certainly, in a great mea of Edinburgh, (Mr. Johnstone, of Hill-house,) the surface of the soil, as a means of manuring sure, prevent the ravages of that destructive inalways thins or pricks out his turnips, as soon it for turnips, has long been practised in the sect:-but it is quite a mistake to suppose, that as they appear above ground, as they are cer-Wolds of Lincolnshire. In Dorsetshire, however, the plan is only calculated for such a soil and tain of being in the rough leaf next morning, it has been employed for the express purpose of climate as that of Holkham, for it had long and consequently out of danger.t "A very great improvement in the cultivation The articles employed are burnt in the manner shire, but in Berwickshire, the Lothians, Northdestroying the fly, and with the greatest success. been previously adopted, not only in Roxburghof turnips, in dry soils, without any mixture of above described; and an intelligent friend of umberland, and other districts in Scotland and clay in them, is, by applying a heavy roller to mine, who farms in that county, has assured England. Still, however, there are ungenial the turnip drills, instead of the light ones com-me, that it has succeeded on alternate ridges; and soils, as Mr. Rhodest very properly observes, monly used. The reasons are obvious. soil being thus compressed, moisture is retained was applied; but that where the burning had and where very strong measures, for the des The that the fly was destroyed where the burning where it would be desirable to cultivate turnips, in it, and the gaseous effluvia, arising from the been purposely omitted, for the sake of experi-truction of the fly, would be of the greatest decomposing putrescent mass below, which nour-ment, the crop was ruined. ishes the plants when young, not being suffered| to escape too rapidly, which is often the case, will avail himself of these hints, and will derive time, if security can be obtained by simple "It is earnestly hoped that the dilligent farmer chemistry may exercise its powers; at the same utility. It is, doubtless, a fair field, on which their growth is promoted, and quickened. The from them that benefit to which his industry so means, it would be more desirable. soil, also, being rendered perfectly smooth, the justly entitles him. little vermin have no hiding places in which they can sheiter themselves. 'In looking over my notes on this subject, I find that other methods have been resorted to, HINTS TO PREVENT THE FLY IN for protecting the turnip crop, besides those enu TURNIPS. "To prevent the ravages of this insect, various modes have been recommended, which may "Mr. Church, of Hitchill, an eminent farmer in Dumfriesshire, has ascertained, that it is the best mode of securing an early and regular vegetation, to sow the seeds of the turnips, on be arranged under the following heads:-1.ing them together. Then to steep one half of merated by Mr. Rhodes. "Some have recommended taking the seed moist dung, as soon as it is spread in the drills, and afterwards to cover the dung by the plough, Destruction of the fly ;-2. Rendering the tur-hours, and then to mix the whole together. By of the same year, and of a former year, and mixbut not quite so deep as usual. This practice nip, less attractive;-3. Quickening its growth ; the seed, thus mixed, in water, for twenty-four is highly useful in dry soils and seasons, and and, 4. Improving its culture. should never be neglected (as the expense of the! seed is so trifling,) where there is any risk of lo- ed, to roll the land at midnight, while the dew is on "1. To destroy the fly, it has been recommend-ut four different periods; and though the fly may this previous management, the turnips will rise sing the crop for want of moisture. In a dry season, when the globe and the Swedish tur- may be crushed against the moist earth.* Boards Cially if the quantity of seed used, is at the rate the ground, by means of which these insects main a sufficient quantity for a crop, more espedestroy some of the plants, there will yet renips did not vegetate till a month after sowing, the land, for the fly to skip on them, and be have been smeared with tar, and drawn across and the crops, after all turned out but modeof about three pounds per acre. rate, the turnips produced by this plan attain-caught; and a trap has been invented, by which ed a great size, (from 15 to 28 lbs. tops included,)| considerable numbers have been taken ;-trainCODE OF AGRICULTURE. and many of them could not get larger for want oil, and sulphur, have been used with the seed. Sinclair quotes an authority in p. 420, in which In treating of the Diseases of Wheat, Sir John of room in the drills. "But the following is the most effectual meQuick-lime has been often suggested; and lime some experiments are stated to shew which sorts thod that has hitherto been discovered, to in-gas, has been accurately tried; but all in vain. saturated with ammonia in the preparation of of wheat in common use, are most in danger of sure the destruction of the fly. 2. To render the turnip less attractive, obscure by the fault of the author referred to in this distructive malady. The result is rendered "As soon as the ground is completely prepar-quick-lime has been used, sown when the dew was ed for sowing the seed, let a quantity of stubble, strong on the plants. The ground has been without points, on a subject in which the printhe note, or by the customary haste of writing straw, furze, dried weeds, heath, wood shavings, or any other sort of cheap inflammable matter, nips have been sown in the furrow, as well as brushed with the leaves of the elder tree. Tur-ters are not able to discriminate. The experibe spread upon the surface, and burnt upon small quantities, the turnip-fly being particu-quality, disease, and value of varieties; and esthe ground, moving the flame forward, from time ment was made in Torney Fen, in the year 1819, on the ridge; and radish seed has been used in for the purpose of noticing comparative produce, to time, and managing it, if possible, so that larly fond of the raddish plant. the smoke shall spread over the field. This is easily done in those dry seasons, when alone the by the application of a proper quantity of suita- but the middle of the field was chosen, and the "3. The growth of the plant is quickened, best adapted to the fen-lands; not the outside, pecially to observe which sort would appear ble manure, and placing it immediately under soil was black mould, a little shallow, and mixing the errors of the press. the plant. And, tim from the code, for the purpose of corrected with poor clay. We copy the result verba fly is to be dreaded. As soon as that operation is completed, the seed should be instantly sown. -The flame and smoke either kill the insects, sowing a great quantity of the seed, (about three or compel them to take shelter, if any crevice "4. The culture of the plant is improved, by can be found in the soil, where they remain until the young turnips are out of danger. The crop, and frequently stirring the soil." pounds per acre;) also by carefully weeding the heat also, thus applied, and the ashes thus pro- of the plants, and improving their culture, is they are placed. "1. Hungary white, or chitty wheat, short duced, are of some use to the crop. Nor does The distinction between quickening the growth dew, and were superior in the order in which strawed red. These were nearly free from milit require a great quantity of combustibles to go F. observes, that with a fine tilth, and the land shell, were pretty good, but diseased. over the field, merely for the purpose of desnot very obvious. Our Norfolk correspondent "2. Square-eared white, velvet white, or eggtroying the vermin, by the heat, the flame, and fered any serious injury. This remark is satis-sex thicket hedge-row. These were much worse the smoke. It is probable, (though the quan-factory for two reasons; first, that in the broad-mildewed; they are all red wheats. not very recently manured, he has rarely sufOld red lammas, (awned and smooth,) Sustity has not yet been ascertained,) that from one to two tons of stubble or straw would be suffici- cast ent. The security of a crop of turnips would ing, that the material may be thoroughly mixed good for nothing; not merely with the mildew, way it suggests the benefit of early manursurely be cheaply purchased by such a sacrifice; fies the success of the ridge-system, because by "Talavera-Cape wheat. These were almost and if stubble is used, the object can be ob-it the manure is certainly covered, though re-Hungary white was the freest from mildew, and and covered; and second, it explains and justi-but partly owing to the May frost." The meaning of the above is-1. That the white (or chitty wheat;) third, was the shortthe best in quality; next to this was the Essex strawed red. tained almost without expense. cently applied. twenty-four bushels of sawdust, and eight bush-paid to the means of quickening the growth, eased. (or egg-shell wheat) were pretty good, but dis2. The square-eared white, and the velvet white Sussex thicket and the hedge-row wheat (all of 3. The old red Lammas (both varieties.) The them red wheats) were much worse mildewed. See Farmers' Journal, 28th July, 1820. This word in the Code, is unfortunately printed bushels. 4. I'ne fulavera and Cape wheats, were ve-termined to steep my seed previous to sowing, ges of these noxious reptiles, in any way practicary bad; the latter had no wheat in it. having observed several seeds with holes similar ble. Where many rooks resort, they will bore The foregoing confusion is not at all to be at-to those in the hazel-nut and filbert, made by the after and destroy some of them; but owing to tributed to the Right Honourable Author, whose curculio nucum. I steeped six pounds of seed, their numbers, and the manner in which they ensagacity and practical knowledge are much su-and found nearly or quite one fint swim at the trench themselves, the aid and assistance of those perior to such lapses or oversights; but for top; this I carefully skimmed off, and on exami- birds in this respect can be but of little avail. the sake of those who gather their notions of ag-nation found them, many as above described, but Now then good Sir, if you, or any of your intelliriculture principally from reading, and also of by far the major part containing a small grub, gent correspondents, can and will have the goodthose agriculturists who may be unacquainted which I have very little doubt to be the grub of ness to point out an effectual method to lessen with some of these sorts, and may wish to try the Turnip Fly; and which I infer would have their numbers in any considerable degree, before them, we have thought it needful to insert these been hatched in the ground, had the seeds containing them been sown. corrections. ON PREVENTING THE RAVAGES OF SIR, North Creek, Burnham, Norfolk, I remain, Sir, JOHN HALL. new correspondent, and as I have many facts and the sowing season comes on, it will be an eminent service to the growers and consumers of that almost invaluable plant. It is highly vexatious to see a fine flourishing crop, after having escaped the mischievous consequences of the fly, exhibit the pernicious effects of the grub; but it is one The Editor of the Farmers' Journal was of the miseries of the farmer's life to witness desome years ago very earnestly employed upon vastations of this kind. The flourishing aspect this thought, and made a number of experiments. is soon changed; an enemy has attacked them Many experiments have been tried to prevent Like a true projector, he is yet willing to believe at the root, and the presage of inevitable dethe flies from destroying the young Turnips, and there may be something in it, though not a cer-struction is soon, alás too soon, realized. I am a I have tried several myself, but have found none tain remedy.-Editor. so effectual as early horse-hoeing them. Mr. Coke stated at his meeting last year, that by his early horse-hoeing he had saved his from their ravages. I immediately horse-hoed mine, that were then covered with flies, and in a few days, I observe in your intelligent paper many remeI believe, would have been all destroyed. I re-dies for destroying the Turnip Fly; and in addicommended a friend of mine to hoe his, that were tion, I beg leave to present to your notice a remesown the same time as mine were; he said he dy I have practised at different times when anthought them too young, he would therefore wait noyed by these destructive little insects. I have and Ireland for the last ten years :a few days till they were a little larger; he did been a turnip grower for these last twenty-five 1812. .£684,743,399 | 1817 . .£848,282,477 so, and they were all destroyed, (forty acres :) the years, and until 1815 to a considerable extent.— 1813.. 716,090,573 1818. 843,514,767 ground was then ploughed, and sowed with white My remedy for destroying the Turnip Fly, is to 1814.. 799,288,436 1819 844,962,321 Turnips; while my Swedes were saved, I be- get a quantity of lime from the kilns, in lumps or 1815.. 821,740,214 1820 lieve, wholly by that means. I now write to shells, which I put into a shed, or under cover, 843,388,804 state a similar experiment this year. I drilled and slack it with tobacco water; when it is slack- In 1786 the total debt was about £250,000,000; 1816.. 864,822,540 | 1821 845,100,931 my swedes on the 12th May last; on the 26th ed into a powder, I cause it to be sown carefully in 1796 it had risen to £328,000,000; and in 1806 horse-hoed them, on the 29th horse-hoed them upon the young plants. If any farmer will try to near £608,000,000. REMEDY FOR THE TURNIP FLY. again, and this day, the 9th of June, horse hoed this simple remedy, his turnip crop may be saved A FARMER. Unredeemed and Unfunded Debt of England .. near Gloucester, which he accomplished two minutes and a half within the given time. In consequence of a fall of thick small rain the road became so greasy for the last hour that he ran in his stockings without shoes. them a third and last time: they grew rapidly af- from the destruction of the Fly. Immediately Tuesday se'nnight a young man was backed for ter the two first hoeings, and will be cross-hoed after rain, or while the dew is on the turnips, is 20 guineas to go sixteen miles in two hours, on a on Monday next by hand,-fine plants. A neigh- the best time for sowing the lime, when it ad- two-mile piece marked out on the Bristol-road, bour of mine who had sowed his the same time heres to the leaves of the young plants. mine were, I advised to hoe them the same time If you consider these hasty remarks worthy of I did mine, with those hoes invented by Mr. a corner of your valuable paper, it will oblige, Blaikie, as no other kind can be used without Sir, your most obedient humble servant. covering the Turnips with mould in their young JAMES FAIR. state. He said he could catch the flies on Mr. Paul's plan, and save his he attempted to do ON THE GRUB WORM. so, by going over the ground many times day afIsle of Wight, June 1, 1821. ter day, and although he caught a great number they beat him at last, and destroyed his Turnips. Amidst the various observations, queries, &c.{ He has now ploughed the ground, and sown a relative to the culture and failure of that very The following information concerns farmers second time. Ilent him my drill, and deposited uncertain of crops, Turnips, it has struck me as as much as other persons; I therefore send it the same quantity of seed I did; the plants look-a little strange that none of your numerous cor- to you. SIR, TO THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN FARMER. SIR, ed as well as mine, and I have no doubt that if respondents have communicated any observations It is high time that stage and hack owners he had hoed them, instead of setting his trap to on those most destructive animals, the Grub should know, that they are responsible for the catch the flies, his plants would have been ready Worms. It was my lot last year to have suffered conduct of those they employ to drive ther carto have been cross-hoed as soon as mine. I have greatly by their depredations, for in one particu- riages.-Scarce a month passes, without the just now left my hoes at work, and set down to lar field I sowed the seed time after time, but all publication of an accident to a passenger, ow. write this in haste, to catch the post for an early to no good purpose; and if search were made ing to the shameful neglect of the drivers, who insertion in your Journal, as I hope this informa- around a plant which had been bitten at the root, are in the constant practice of racing, and of tion may be useful to the public. I am, Sir, and appeared in a dying state, it was no uncom- leaving their seats, while the stage is full, and mon thing to discover from one to ten of these going to a tavern to refresh themselves. Your's respectfully, creatures, a little under the surface, and ready to Mr. Dana of Connecticut, and late a member THOMAS HEROD. play the same game over again, as often as the of Congress, will be disabled for life, from fracseedsman would afford them the opportunity; and tures of his limbs, occasioned by the horses PREVENTION OF THE TURNIP FLY. this was the case more particularly to a pretty running away in a stage, and oversetting it, Little Marshall, Ide, near Exeter, Devon, large breadth about the middle of the field, ex-while the driver was thus employed. One or June 15, 1822. tending in the direction of from east to west, two examples being made, would teach others SIR, whilst the north and south, although in some a useful lesson. The extract is from a late The time being so short between this and the measure affected, were not in so great a degree as English paper. period of turnip sowing, I leave more minute in- the former. These are enemies not so easily de- CAUTION TO DRIVERS.-An action was lately vestigation to future opportunity, and hasten to in-stroyed, or their pernicious effects so effectually brought in the Sheriff's Court at Lancaster, form you, for the general information of your guarded against as the fly. Many remedies are against the proprietors of one of the coaches from readers, of a circumstance that has just occurred said to be capable of saving the crop from the lat-Liverpool to Manchester, for carelessly driving to me. Being about to sow a small plot of two ter, but these under-ground depredators seem the coach on the 21st of May, by which it was acres and a half of turnips early, that I might almost to set us at defiance, as I have never overturned near the new bridge, Water Street, have a double chance of escaping the Fly, I de-heard of any sure preservative against the rava- in Manchester, and the plaintiff's wife was dread fully hurt. She was violently bruised, her face carpeting, 100 yards of sheeting, 45 yards of pil-a mile faster than one of our first rate quarter horses can was also much lacerated, and will be marked for low caseing, 14 of bed ticking.] a quarter of a mile-(at the rate life; she was confined for six weeks in Manches- 3. To Dr. Rose, of Montrose, Susquehanna mean.) ter before she could be removed to her residence county, for 120 pounds of fine maple sagar, equal Twenty six seconds to a quarter of a mile is 50 at Liverpool; and she is not yet recovered from to any brown sugar imported, the only sample of-feet 10 inches to a second. the effects of her injuries. She was in a state fered, 8 dollars. [There being no maple sugar One Minute four and a half seconds to a mile, of pregnancy at the time. As the defendants made in Philadelphia county, it was resolved, is about 81 feet 9 inches. had permitted judgment to go by default, the that the premium for it be open to all the state.] Impossible besides, only question for the Jury was the amount of The following articles were also exhibited.-4 f't. 26 i's. 10'4 the 0 has been mistaken for a 104 distinction between 1, for mindamages to be given to the plaintiff: these they They were not included among those specified for fixed at £300, and that sum was awarded to the premiums in the printed list, but the committee ute, and 4, when it was one hundred and four plaintiff. recommend the annexed rewards. seconds and an half. I suspect it is an EnglishA CASE IN POINT.-On the 22d of May, Mr. 1. To Archibald Campbell, for 25 yards of lin- man who is a bit of a jockey. Charles Coon took his passage in the stage at en drilling of excellent quality, of three dozen Albany, to return to his family at Johnstown. yarn, 10 dollars. [A. Campbell has also made 600 As the stage entered Schenectady, it overtook yards of the same quality drilling, some of which the opposition stage, and the driver undertook has sold for 35 cents per yard. The flax was spun to pass the other stage, when one of the hind partly in the public Alms House of Philadelphia, wheels came off, and the stage was overset, full and partly by women hired by the " Female Hosof passengers, all of whom were more or less pitable Society."] injured. Mr. Coon had one finger torn to pieces, 2. To William Latham for two counterpanes, most violent spasms succeeded in a few days, 3. To Mrs. Sarah Sproul for a carpet of patty- TO THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN FARMER. ་་ 4. To Mrs. Hannah Johnson, for a very elegant white cotton counterpane, figure worked with the needle, 5 dollars. 5. To Mrs. Parker for a substantial woollen carpet, Turkey pattern, and needle worked, 5 dollars. THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, JULY, 19, 1822. DON CARLOS. The very fine 3 year old ass, Don Carlos exhibited at the last Maryland Cattle Show, and much, and justly admired by all who saw him-is for sale. For terms enquire of the Editor of the American Farmer. This valuable animal was purchased at Malta' by Purser S. Hambleton, who took great pains to procure one of the finest to be had in that country, and he truly merits the compliment bestowed on him by the committee, being uncommonly large and beautiful of his age. willing to dispose of him on terms upon which The owner being about to go again to sea, is such an animal can rarely be had. The following is the notice taken of Don Carlos: Mrs. Jeremiah Warder, Jr. sent a number of handsome fine napkins and table cloths made in July 9, 1822. The Committee regret that no premium is at her family; these had been some years in use. their disposal for the very fine Maltese Jack, Don DEAR SIR, Miss Sophia Elliott sent a handsome cotton Your printer has made of my letter (page 118 Carlos, imported by S. Hambleton, Esq. of the counterpane. of this vol.) arrant nonsense :-instead of Bark, shells and sea marl," I said, as plainly as possible, ing a number of silk worms forming Cocoons, that Mr. Hambleton with many officers in that Miss Sophia D'Autrichy sent a bush contain- for a discretionary premium*, and are of opinion U. S. Navy; but they recommend him earnestly that the improvements were effected by bankseveral pounds of which she last year raised.shells and sea-ware. ruption, generally called sea-ore, (see Rees' Cy-mestic industry is not more attended to by the The sea-ware is, by, cor- The committee regret that this branch of do- service, are entitled to the thanks of the agricultural community for many public spirited and clopedia, where it is also called sea-wreck, sea-families of our farmers, and recommend the expatriotic acts of this kind, whereby the interests tangle, and sea-weed.) Many improvements of of agriculture must be essentially and permanentthe soil have been made in Talbot by shell-marl, ample of Miss D'Autrichy to their imitation. (decayed cockle shells, &c.) but the shells I al- Mr. M'Cauly sent specimens of his manufac-ly promoted, luded to, under the term " bank-shells," are oyster-shells, which are found on the margins of our creeks and Rivers, supposed to have been left by the Indians, and are now nearly decomposed, and ble. The composition of the latter is improved: 3 Linen oil cloths, all very smooth and pliamake an excellent manure. Instead of "the facts on the spot," I am made not require greasing, and does not harden in the the article is in use for carriage curtains: it does the society. to say the tracts and the spot," there are other .6 tures. 1 Cotton oil cloth. 2 do. on baize. trifling errors, which I do not regard; but those sun, and is hence particularly calculated for a southern climate. ROBERT PATTERSON, Committee. mittee. * This was bestowed by an unanimous vote of TURNIP SEED. Ruta Baga, Purple I have pointed out are too provoking to one who Top, and White Norfolk turnip seed, which Messrs. Rankin and Fowle, sent two very fine the Editor of the Farmer can confidently rewishes to preserve the reputation of common specimens of their beaver hats, and Mr. Wool-commend-for sale by sense to pass over in silence, pray correct them.worth several light and neat cotton hats. These It has been thought best to publish the above, although the errors complained of were all corrected before many papers had left the press. Editor American Farmer. PHILADELPHIA AGRICULTURAL EXHI BITION The committee on househould manufactures at the late agricultural exhibition near this city, offer the following report, and award and recommend the following premiums: of the committee, but are mentioned from the RICHARD PETERS, FROM A CORRESPONDENT. Georgetown, June 27th, 1822. 1. To John Philson for 30 yards of brown linen I observe in your last paper a writer who signs diaper, with a damask figure, from flax raised in himself a bit of a jockey, tells of a race of one Philadelphia county and water rotted, 10 dollars. mile run by Firetail and Pumpkin, in one min2. Mrs. Rachael Fish, of Philadelphia, for 26 ute four and a half seconds: is not this a misyards of fine linen shirting, $10. [Besides the take? the swiftest Quarter races I ever saw run above, Mrs. Fish exhibited two very fine elegant here, was by the famous horse, Shad; the other by mixed woollen and cotton counterpanes, the ma- the Loudoun Sorrel, was twenty six seconds, at terials spun and dyed in the family; and has also the rate of one hundred and four seconds to a manufactured during the past year 43 yards of mile; and I think no horse in England can run W. F.REDDING. Flour from the wagons, $7-Wharf do. $6 50 to 675-White wheat, $1 17 to $1 20-Corn, 70 cts.-Rye, 60 to 65 cts.-Herrings, No. 1, $3 to $3 25-No. 2, do. $2 75 to $3-Shad, No. 1, $7 to $7 25-No. 2, do. $6 to $6 50. No variation in prices of other articles. MARYLAND TOBACCO.-The fine bright yellow, none in market, much in demand-Good red, $8 to 12-Common do. $5 to $7, and in demand-Inferior, $3 to $5-Dark brown, $2 to $3 50-Seconds, $1 to $5. No. 18.-VOL. 4. HORTICULTURE. POMARIUM BRITANNICUM, AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, 25th JULY, 1822. An Historical and Botanical account of Fruits, known in Great Britain, by Henry Philips. -Second Edition. (Continued from page 131.) BARBERRY.-BERBERIS; OR, THE PIPPERIDGE-BUSH. In Botany, a Genus of the Class Hexandria over our native kind of this fruit. BEECH.-FAGUS. The viper has ne'er been known to sting, The shade of the beech-tree is very injurious We have now several varieties of the barberry- The finest beech-trees in England are said to shrub cultivated in England, one of which was grow in Hampshire. The forest of St. Leonard, brought from Candia in 1759, and another from near Horsham, in Sussex, abounds with noble Siberia in 1790; but it possesses no advantage beech-trees. The cottagers of this forest inform you, that when St. Leonard wished to rest beneath these trees, he was disturbed during the day by the biting of vipers, and that his repose was broken in the night by the warbling of nightA Genus of the Castanea, or Chesnut Tree, and ingales, and on that account they were removed of the Class Monæcia Polyandria. by his prayers, since which time tradition says of this forest,Monogynia. The beech is one of the handsomest of our naThe common barberry-bush is a native of this tive forest-trees, which, in stateliness and grancountry; and notwithstanding the high state of deur of outline, vies with the oak. It seems to cultivation this kingdom is now arrived at, it is have been greatly admired by the ancients.still to be found growing wild in many parts of Pliny says, "There was a little hill called Carne, to most sorts of plants that grow near it, but is the northern counties. Gerard says, in his time in the territory of Tusculum, not far from the generally believed to be very salubrious to hu(1597) most of the hedges near Colnbrook were city of Rome, that was clad and beautified with man bodies. The leaves of the beech are collected nothing else but barberry-bushes. a grove and tufts of Beech-trees, which were as in the autumn, to fill mattresses instead of flock It is now very properly introduced into our gar- even and round in the head as if they had been or straw, as they remain sweet, and continue dens and shrubberies, being both ornamental and curiously trimmed with garden shears." useful; but it requires caution in planting, not to adds, He soft, for many years. To chew beech-leaves is "this grove was, in old times, consecrated accounted good for the gums and teeth. The have it near the house or principal walks, on ac- to Diana, by the common consent of all the in-Romans used beech-leaves and honey to restore count of its offensive smell when in blossom.-habitants of Latium, who paid their devotions the growth of hair, which had fallen off in sickThe flowers are small, but beautiful; and on there." This author mentions one of these ness. their first appearance have a perfume similar to beech-trees, of such beauty, that Passienus Cristhe cowslip, which changes to a putrid and most The timber of these trees, in point of actual pus, an excellent orator, who was twice consul, use, follows next to the oak and the ash, and is disagreeable scent, particularly towards the even- and afterwards married the Empress Agrippina, little inferior to the elm for water pipes. Being and at the decay of the flowers. I have a bar- was so much attached to, that he not only repo-tween the years 1790 and 1800, when John Alberry-tree in my garden near twenty feet in sed under it, but sprinkled it plentifully with dredge, Esq. of New Lodge St. Leonard's Forest, height, the branches of which extend over a cir- wine, and would even embrace it. cumference of sixty-feet. It has been covered Manius Curius, after he had subdued his ene-bourhood, the workmen found scantlings of beech was causing fish-ponds to be dug in that neighwith blossoms this spring, and had a pleasing ef- mies, protested with an oath, that of all the timber, and trunks of these trees, squared out, fect in the shrubbery; but was so offensive for booty and pillage taken from them, he had reserv-which were supposed to have been buried in the about a fortnight, that no one would walk near it ed nothing for himself but a cruet, or little ewer, earth since the time of the Romans, as there is during that time. It seems particularly attrac- made of beech-wood, wherein he might sacrifice no record mentioning that part of the forest havtive to singing birds wherever it is planted, espe- to the gods. cially the bullfinch and the goldfinch, both of ing been either cleared, or ponds made since.which often build in these bushes. The beech, it will be observed, from the class Beech-timber is subject to worms when exposed A very singular circumstance has been stated it is ranged under, produces both male and female to the air without paint. It is used by wheelrespecting the barberry-shrub,—that corn sown ter blossoms, which have a one-leafed empalement, making domestic wooden ware, such as bowls, flowers on the same tree. The fruit succeeds the lat-wrights and chairmakers, and also by turners for near it, proves abortive, the ears being in general cut into four parts, but have no petals: the ger shovels, &c. Bedsteads and other furniture are destitute of grain; and that this influence is sometimes extended to a distance of three or men is fixed to the empalement, which after-often made with this timber; and no wood split four hundred yards across a field. This is a just wards becomes a roundish capsule, armed with so fine, or holds so well together, as beech, so cause for banishing it from the hedge-rows of soft pines opening in three cells, each containing that boxes, swordsheaths, and a variety of other our arable fields, for which, otherwise, it's thorny nut is palatable to the taste, but when eaten in ting this wood was first known in England, the a triangular nut, called the beech mast. This things, are made from it. When the art of splitbranches would have made a desirable fence.When this coral-like fruit is ripe, it adds much to great quantities occasions head-aches and giddi-parties who used it kept the method a profound the beauty of the garden; but it's acidity is so ness; nevertheless, when dried and ground into secret for many years. meal, it makes a wholesome bread. This fruit great, that even the birds refuse to eat it. I conclude it is the fruit called appendices by is celebrated for having enabled the inhabitants of the ancients. Pliny says, "There is a kind of Scio, one of the Ionian Islands, to sustain a methorny bush called appendix, having red berries morable siege, which they did by the beech A Species of Raspberry.-In Botany, a Genus of masts and acorns that their island afforded. hanging from the branches which were called apthe Icosandria Polygnia Class. pendices" he adds, “these berries, either raw by with the advantage of keeping longer without from the redness of the twigs and juice of the An oil, equal in flavour to the best olive oil, The bramble derives it's Latin name, rubus, themselves, or dried, and boiled in wine, are good becoming rancid, may be obtained from the nuts fruit. Pliny informs us," that the propagation of to stay the flux of the body." I find, by Gerard's account, that the leaves were formerly used in by pressure. It is very common in Picardy and trees by layers, was taught the ancients by the salad, and to season meat with: he also says, in Silesia, it is used by the country people inother parts of France, where the masts abound; bramble-bush." BLACKBERRY.-RUBUS; "The green leaves of the barberry-bush stamp- stead of butter. The cakes which remain from Some bow their vines, which, buried in the plain, ed, and made into sauce, as that made of sorrel called green sauce, doth cool hot stomachs, and the pressure are given to fatten swine, oxen, or Their tops, in distant arches, rise again. Dryden's Virgil. those that are vexed with hot burning agues, and poultry. A bushel of masts are said to produce a gallon of clean oil, but the beech-tree seldom procureth appetite." "The berries," says Pliny," are the food of Barberries are of an agreeable, cooling, astrin- produces a full crop of masts oftener than once in three years. man, and have a desiccative and astringent virtue, gent taste, which creates appetite. A conserve and serve as a most appropriate remedy for the is made from this fruit that is refreshing, and A few years ago, an attempt was made to in-gums and inflammation of the tonsils." The strengthens the stomach, and is good against troduce the ma king of beech-oil in this country, flowers also, as well as the berries of the bramdiarrhoeas and dysenteries. The juice, or decoc-and a patent was granted to the projector; but ble, were considered by the ancients as remedies tion, abates the inflammation of the fauces and the difficulty of bringing the country people into against the worst of serpents. They are diuretonsils, and heals scorbutic gums.-Brookes. any new measure, however beneficial to them, is tic, and the juice pressed out of the tendrils, or Pickled barberries make a handsome garnish so great, that it often destroys the best concerted young shoots, of brambles stamped, and afterfor all white dishes, where acids can be introdu- projects. In this instance it was found, that they wards reduced into the consistency of honey by ced: this fruit is also used for making syrup, lo- would rather let the swine consume the masts, standing in the sun, is, says the above author, zenges, &c. than suffer their children to collect them for sale" a singular medicine taken inwardly, or applied The bark of the tree is a good medicine against to the patentee, and thus failed the making of outwardly, for all the diseases of the mouth and the jaundice, and all obstructions and foulness of salad oil in England. eyes, as well as for the quinsy," &c. The young the viscera. The inner bark of this tree, with In the reign of George the First, I find a peti-shoots, eaten as a salad, will fasten teeth that are the assistance of alum dyes a bright yellow in tion was made for letters patent for making but-loose. The roots of the bramble, boiled in wine, Poland it is used for colouring of leather. Iter from beech-nuts. were esteemed one of the best astringents by the AMERICAN FARMER. (To be Continued.) REPORT of the South Roman physicians, who preferred the juice of portance to this state, but as a bond of union the Virginia shore, the waters blackberries to that of mulberries for the infirmi-between the remotest points of this widely ex- Branch, the Great Cacapehon and Shenandoah ties of the mouth. when ripe, is cooling, and quenches thirst; and attending the improvement of the Potomac, the Bark, Opicon and Goose creeks flow into it. Brookes says, "the fruit, tended empire. In evidence of the difficulties rivers, and Patterson's, Little Cacapehon, Sleepy, the leaves pounded, and applied to ringworms, committee of the senate have incorporated in Most of these streams are now navigable in high and ulcers of the legs, will heal them in a short their report, an extract from a communication water, and when the improvements contemplatime." Boerhaave affirms, that the roots taken made by Mr. Latrobe to Mr. Gallatin in 1808, ted in the Potomac shall be completed, an irreout of the earth in February or March, and boil-as follows: "The trade of this canal, especially sistible temptation to the improvement of the ed with honey, are an excellent remedy against during the year 1807, has been so great, that abovementioned creeks and rivers, will be of the dropsy. The jam made from blackberries is now much a productive work, in those years in which From Cumberland to tide water, is a distance there appears every prospect of its becoming fered to the states to which they belong.used in sore throats caused by colds, and is given there is a considerable and equal quantity of wa- of 188 miles; and in this distance the river is in slight fevers. The juice of blackberry mixed with raisin wine, must always depend. The information respect- passing from the west towards the east, through ter in the river, but on this circumstance it said to have a fall of 735 feet. The Potomac before it has fermented, will give it both the co-ing it which can be obtained from the company the mountains and ridges running from North lour and flavour of claret. There is a kind of this fruit, called rubus cæsi-say more upon it." on the spot, renders it unnecessary for me to to South, must necessarily become a rapid and us, or dew-berry, but which Gerard calls rubus conceive, that no stronger language could have tude of its fall, so far from defeating, would saxatilis, or stone-berry; the protuberances of been used in commendation of the improvements minister to the purposes of an independent canal, Your committee humbly rough stream, but its rapidity and the magniwhich are much larger, and fewer in number, of this river then effected, than that used by cut by its side, from Cumberland to tide water. than those of the common blackberry. It is ge- Mr. Latrobe in the above extract. The comnerally found trailing on the banks of hedge-rows, mittee of the senate, deeming it wise to print in but easily accomplished, your committee cannot or in hazel copses, seldom growing above a foot italics a part of said extract, which is not italici-conceive it necessary to report to an enlightenThat such a canal is not only practicable, high. This is a berry of excellent flavour, and sed in the original, your committee will passed assembly, understanding the situation and inwell deserving a place in cultivated grounds, as it from it with this single remark, that with great terests of the state. The banks of the Potomac must be equally beneficial to society that our na-deferance to the opinions of the authors of the are in a great degree composed of alluvial tive fruits should be improved, as well as that report, we apprehend the utility of every ca- land, and easily excavated. This circumstance new varieties should be imported from climates nal, will depend upon its being supplied with of itself will greatly diminish the expenditure usuthat can give but little hope of their thriving a sufficient quantity of water, for the transpor-ally contemplated for works of this character and without the aid of artificial heat. tation of the produce to which its geographical si- magnitude, but without this, canals are now tuation entitles it. Your committee have looked in constructed at one half of the expense heretovain, for the doubts of the practicability of impro-fore supposed necessary; and the opening of a ving this river, contained in the above extract, canal must at this day be attended with unusual discovered and referred to by the committee of difficulty, if it cost more than a turnpike road. the senate, and insist that all to be inferred Your committee have consulted the best adviTo the House of Delegates, by the Committee to whom was referred, the Executive Commu-wisdom adopt. If your committee were dispo-rately ascertain the probable cost of the propotherefrom, is favourable to any just plan of im-sers, and availed themselves of the best means nicatian relating to the appointment of Com-sed to view this as a contest between those in-sed work, and they are convinced that a canal proving the river, that the legislature may in its of information, by which they could most accumissioners to inspect the Potomac River, with terested in the improvement of the Potomac, may be made from Cumberland to tide water, Accompanying Documents; to which is added, and others equally interested in the improvement with two paths for the working of the boats by Mr. Millard's Resolutions on Internal Im-of the Susquehannah, they would find no diffi- horses, for the sum of one million five hundred provement. December Session, 1821. lished in the American Farmer, by order of nication, the suggestion of numerous, real, and to the complete formation of the canal.-In the Pub- culty in extracting from Mr. Latrobe's commu-thousand dollars, including all works necessary the House of Delegates. almost insuperable obstacles to the improve-discharge of the duties assigned to your comThe Committee to whom communication of the executive relating to the ap- of the state this last mentioned river. was referred the those obstacles have been magnified in Mr. La-dent of the Potomac company, requiring informent of the Susquehannah; yet they hope, mittee, they wrote to John Mason, Esq. Presipointment of commissioners to inspect and extrobe's report, and recommend to the attention mation upon certain subjects enumerated in said amine the Potomac river, beg leave to report: That they have had the same under consider-object of great importance, and will doubtless mittee. That document marked (A,) accompaThe improvement of the Susquehannah is an provement of the river, proposed by your comletter, and submitted to him the plan of imation. From the nature of their commission, contribute to the wealth of the state; but in the nying this report, will present to the House of they did not feel themselves confined to the sub-opinion of your committee, the greatest advanta- Delegates a full view of said plan.-The above ject of the report of said commissioners to the ges resulting from such improvement, must be communication was promptly replied to by the executive, but thought that they were at liber-gathered by a sister state; yet we trust, that no President of the company, in an able and elaboty to examine and report upon all matters of feeling of selfishness will induce this state to de-rate paper, suggesting some improvemants in the interest, connected with the improvement of lay useful and profitable improvements, because a plan of your committee, and developing the conthat abundant and important river, Potomac. neighbouring state may participate in their advan-dition of the company's funds and works. That Your committee felt themselves more impe-tages. riously commanded to take such view of the subject, by the fact, that two reports thereon, the tee, presents at this moment, the point where have marked it (B.) The Potomac, in the opinion of your commit-mittee beg leave to attach to this report, and paper, with others referred to in it, your comone originating in the senate, the other in this ought to begin, the first operations of that spirit house, have been laid upon your table since of improvement, now manifestly awaked in Mary- wishes of the company, so far as they could be the subject was committed to their consideration, land. It runs through a tract of country equal in ascertained, have contributed to fasten the conThese documents, shewing the situation and to the justice of either of which reports, your soil and fertility to any in the habitable globe, victions of the committee, that this great work, committee cannot assent, but are convinced, and far surpassing any other, over which the needs only to be undertaken and seriously pursu that the errors and miscalculation in said re-state has jurisdiction or control. It is visited ed by the general government, or the states of ports, have arisen from a want of attention by numerous tributary streams, all of which Maryland and Virginia, to give to this state and on the part of the authors, to the advantages pass through rich valleys, which promise to pour the nation, the full enjoyment of all the bles of this river, fondly hoping, that nothing there- their wealth into this state when the highway sings the improvement of the Potomac is calcuin can be imputable to local or sectional feel-shall be established, through which nature in-lated to secure. ings and prejudices. Nevertheless, your com-tended it should pass. mittee greatly regret, that so far as this river has been the subject of one, if not both of said house, the various creeks and rivers which con-land, That the improvement of the Potomac riWith this view of the subject, We beg leave to present to the view of the your committee submit the following resolutions: reports, the authors seem to have been in pur-tribute to swell the waters of this river, in its ver, is an object of the first importance and insuit of difficulties and impediments to its im-course from the Allegany mountains to tide wa-terest to the people of this state particularly, Resolved by the General Assembly of Maryprovement, rather than the means of making|ter. useful, a river so justly the pride of the state, Evit's Town, Fifteen mile, Sideling Hill, TonoIt receives on the Maryland shore Will's, and to the nation generally. and so anxiously looked to by the founder of our loway, Licking, Conococheague, Antietam and unite with the general government, in any just republic, not only as a source of wealth and im-Cotoctin creeks, and the river Monocasy; on plan that may be proposed for the improvement, Resolved, That the state of Maryland will |