and Brooke received the premium. the premium, the fittest is that nearest in affinity. Cider sider as securely propped in its own reasonablerandy is the most suitable assistant. From these remarks, there result as general tested by experience, that apples of the same ville, Montgomery county, Md. on the 12th and ness, had it never been intimated by nature nor ROCKVILLE (Md.) CATTLE SHOW. les in the making of cider, that apples should kind, can make the most perfect cider. In this 13th of last month. The first Montgomery Fair was held at Rockripe when gathered-that they should be persuasion I can anticipate the time when cider used to mellow-that they should be sepa- will be designated by the name of its own apple, farmers of Montgomery county and of Washington ed, before grinding, from the rotten and un- and the nomenclature of the orchard be as fa- county, in the district. e, and from all uncleanness-that they should miliar in our markets as any distinctions in use. On the afternoon of the second day, the followThe fair was very generally attended by the mashed fine in a covered mill, and lay in The most perfect cider, then, can alone being premiums were awarded: st before laying up, a longer or shorter time made by an attention to these additions to the cording to the temperature of the weather, general rules. iding, while in that state, the least appeare of fermentation, which then almost imme-derstood, that I have no occasion to say any Of bottling, the advantages are so well untely produces acidity-that the juice be pu- thing in their recommendatione most finishcd of pulp and impurites, by passing several not conduct rations, and be undiluted by a drop of water ea point, were I to omit the observation, that a hat it be placed in cellars, or in colder situ- perfect fineness of his liquor, and an ascendency ons, and left to its own native vigour, or aided in it of a spirit which shall repress its impaa friendly association, according to circum-tience in a close confinement, are as indispennces-that it be left "to feed awhile on its sably necessary to the preservation of his botn fatness," or be drawn off once or oftener, tles as to the perfection of his drink. good judgment shall guide. With these pre- Cider is to rise to more than an equality of the itions, a cider incomparably better than is fame with the most celebrated drinks of other de with the usual inattention, may be obtain-climes, and the competition which , and its consumption enjoyed. So far I have treated the subject with a view of our counter Already has this preference in the market will give col most successful general use, and in this view, a leading niner place appeared, and our Herefordshires and le may be given in a word, alika tillager-Devonshires are in Rhode Island and N. Jersey. the connoisseu at nature cannot be assisted in any other But it is comparative more than intrinsic excel-ed ay than according to her own laws. lence which may be claimed for the ciders of There are some distinctions remaining, which the Narraganset and of Newark. If the banks re no other than obvious refinements of the of the Connecticut, and the rich vales and prome principle. pitious southern declivities of Massachusetts The exact maturity of the fruit, is the first ob- shall not bear away the palm, the fault will not ct of attention in leaving general rules and be in our soils but in our sons. dvancing to a cider than 'Delightful beverage! to the utmost bounds of THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND AND this MEDICAL COLLEGE. Wide universe, Columbian Cider bore, We beg leave to remind our City readers that, Wine more priz'd, or laudable of taste." 44 ction POMONA. For the best heiff of broke oxen, Thomas P. received the premium. For the best ram, Roger Brooke received the premium. premium. THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1822. The point of perfection in the maturity of fruit Shall please all tastes, and triumph o'er the vine." agreeably to former notice, the next annual Sesan scarcely be said to be stationary for a day :) a declension from that point is as detrimental as deficiency in its attainment; the juice loses its activity, and . DISEASE IN HORSES' HEADS-IN ANSWER TO A CORRESPONDENT. Greensborough, Sept 9th, 1822. sion of the Medical College, in the University of Maryland, will commence on the 28th day of this month. Introductory Lectures will be given, by the Professors, which parents and guardians ought to hear. They will afford a glimpse of the vast range of intellectual pleasures, which their children or wards might enjoy, and should be encouraged to cherish. In this school, they would "From sprightly, 'twill to sharp or vapid change." Some apples do not mature until late in win- Dear Sir, ter-others, not until the ensuing spring. Of I observe in the Farmer of the 30th of August, these, a cider might be made exquisitely fine. information wanted relative to the disease of" learn to look through nature, up to nature's Laid in chambers through autumn, and in dry horses, known by the name of the Big Head. God"-to contemplate the mineral, vegetable and places in the cellar through the winter, expos- I have seen a number of horses that were af- animal kingdoms by the lights of science, in new ed to the action of the air, they become enrich-flicted with that disease. The first I attempted and harmonious relations-to discover arrangeed by the evaporation of their watery parts-to cure, was a horse about six years old, that a ment in seeming discord, to trace vegetable forbut at neither of these periods is there so brother of mine obtained in the state of Ten-mations from their constituents, and how to mitifriendly a concurrence of the atmosphere for! nessee-he had been subjected to the following gate those ills to which flesh is heir. And shall the making of cider as in the last month of treatment :-the duct that passes from the eye to these sources of endless pleasure rise in our city, the nose, was laid bare, or an incision made in the and flow untasted by her sons? Parents and guarAssorting the apples, (for I have yet supposed inlarged part of the nose, and the wound burned dians! so improve the talents which are entrustthem used promiscuously) is the second parti- with a hot iron. This afforded a temporary re-ed to your hands, as that your children and wards cular in the progress to perfection. Philips ob- lief. But the horse about two years afterwards, may establish the fidelity of your stewardships. autumn. serves, that Some ciders have by art or age unlearn'd Their genuine relish, and of sundry wines Assum'd the flavour." became diseased, dwindled away, and lost mea- OF THIS INSTITUTION, Citizens of Baltimore surably, the use of his parts. I had him thrown and and the People of Maryland may indeed feel justtied, then run a hot iron through his head, in-ly proud; for it is a blessing to society and an serting it into the lump on one side, and carrying honour to our country. Our distant friends and it through the lump upon the other. The horse readers will be pleased to hear, that this school It is not possible that a commixture of vari- in a short time, was well, and never after had may be fairly classed, at present, with the best bus sorts could give one distinct perception to any symptom of the disease. I have treated Medical Establishments in Europe. It has risen, the palate. So invariably does nature preserve others in the same way, with equal success. I like our city, with unprecedented rapidity; and each kind by itself, that no two sorts can be am no farrier, neither have I been able by care-like her, has gathered strength with its age.drawn into union on the same stock. The dis- fully examining the head or skull of several horses, The Buildings are elegant, and we believe they agreement in the juices of fruit is more or less to ascertain the cause of the disease. I know are more commodious than any, that are else inveterate when mixed, as they depart from that it is a morbid enlargement of the bone or where, devoted to the same purpose. sweet to sour. The mixture of an extremely the cavity, between the two plates of the bone of The Chemical Apparatus embraces not only the sharp acid with a luscious sweet, produces an the head. It differs very much from the glan- useful, but much to amuse: it is splendid and activity of opposition approaching to efferves-ders. I think it certainly is not contagious. I perfect. cence, nor does it cease but with the complete have never heard of a mule to have it. subjection of the mass to the acrimonious ad- If this clumsy communication should satisfy F, versary. These facts suggest the propriety and or you think it worth a place in your valuable panecessity of keeping each kind of fruit in its per, you are at liberty to use it as you think best. Own distinctness. The conclusion I should conI am, Dear Sir, yours, &c. J. A. M. The Anatomical Museum, comprises many hundred cases of morbid preparations illustrative of disease. THE PROFESSORS are our neighbours; and from a long personal acquaintance with most of them, 10 we may have become blind to their faults; but we will, nevertheless, endeavor so to speak of these gentlemen, that no one may reproach us with extravagance, at the close of a session. AMERICAN FARMER. Rev. Dr. Barry-Professor of Humanity, stands deservedly high, as a teacher of the learned lanstate of perfect preservation, and is most conveniently placed for the use of students. DR. POTTER, has discharged the duties of Pro-guages, and must be always considered a valusfessor on the Practice of Medicine, from the com-ble acquisition in the University. But we must conclude our brief notice of this mencement of the school, to the satisfaction of successive classes, and the enhancement of a well-School, and its Professors-long may it contiDR. DAVIDGE, should be regarded as the Father of the Institution. He studied in America, deserved and previously established reputation.nue to be the pride of our state, and a blessing graduated at Edinburg, and growing familiar with Of him, the illustrious Rush was wont to say, to our country-and long, very long, may the many of the brightest ornaments of foreign Uni-" that he believed he never had a student who live to gather and enjoy the fruit of the goo versities, he returned to Baltimore; and with a was superior in talents to Dr. Potter-that he tree which they have planted. zeal which never tired, he perseveringly devot" had never known a more philosophical mind Some tobacco made by Judge Dorsey la famation of the present Medi-than his-in fact that Potter seemed to have ment, we listened to his Lectures on the meblishe been formed a Physician." The present high imate of some which grew in Montgomery county and sol or Institutes of Medicine, with great delight; for that this great master magis profession, shews year, sold in Europe for $52 per hundred; an he brought the phenomena of life, of health and his pupil. As a Professor in our University, Dr. here for 27, brought in Holland the enormo disease, under consideration, in the most cap- Potter will always create a lively interest, confer sum of upwards of $60 per hundred. tivating manner; and memory now recalls those lasting advantages, and command profound atexercises with grateful emotions. The Anato-tention. mical School in this University, was raised by C excellence But a for TOBACCO. ved In only the practice of Surgery, but which attachi boast a dozen hearers. But now this temple of plements of Agriculture, we beg to suggest th His own Th It has been suggested to us lately by dealer: in the article, and other good judges, that nor Dr. BAKER, on the Materia Medica, has but dull tobacco can be made on land whic felicityfound knowledge of Anatomy and Phy- ever been a favourite with his class-Dr. has been lately enriched by clover and plaste inferior to no similar liar and extraordinary M'DOWELL, on the Institutes of medicine, is, of paris. To tobacco as well as corn plaster communicates a deep green colour, and the For twelve years, he performed the celle like his own principles and worth, ever acceptduties of the Anatomical department, to the 2nd excellent-and Dr. HALL, gives an in- ripening to both is much retarded, and the co But the from his important chair. lour injured. None but the brightest tobacco; great advantage of the University and the public. He has latterly, and we think judiciously our medical school, is ink and talents of now worth making, and that proves always be the brightest which grows off most rapid! chosen to concentrate all the powers of his mind, constant growth, and in the number of its studcand. comes soonest to maturity. Twelve years ago, the writer was a member of upon the general principles which govern, not its largest class, which could then scarcely L➢ To the liaue-ཨvwབལ་བ themselves by numerous points of application, to the whole ground of medical practice. The lec-science has become the chosen resort of quite expediency of attending the Cattle Show at Ear tures of this scientific and dextrous surgeon can- two hundred and fifty pupils.—and we sincere ton on the 7th and 8th of next month. steam boat Maryland, which leaves Baltimore o not be surpassed. And we are satisfied that they hope, that our highly respectable school may the 6th, will take them and their Implement. friends of medical science will contemplate his long continue to increase its magnitude and useto the spot, and they already know that, as th labours with unusual interest, as he has deter-fulness, in the bold ratio of its early growth, to the honour of our country and benefit of sociEastern Shore is almost exclusively a grain coun mined to occupy his mind, towards the close of a ety. try, no district can furnish better judges of, or: long and useful career, in the cultivation of mediWe should not take our leave of the Univer-better market for ingenious and useful machinecal philosophy. sity, without a few remarks upon several Pro-ry, for farming purposes. DR. DẸ BUTTS, as a teacher of Chemical fessorships, which are at present filled by genScience, is not excelled in the United States; tlemen of science, whose lectures may be at- PRICES CURRENT.-CORRECTED WEEKLY. fand as a scientific man, he may be fairly rank-tended with pleasure and improvement. Best white wheat, $1 40 to 1 47-Red wheat, ed among the first of any country. His lec- Dr. Howard, is professor of Natural Philosotures are fine specimens of composition, sim-phy, and likewise fills the mineralogical depart-low, 62 to 65 cents-New' corn, 60 cents$1 28 to 1 30-White corn, 65 to 66 cts.-Yelple, chaste, and beautiful; they are presented ment. He has a good philosophical apparatus, Rye, 65 cents-Oats, 35 to 37 cents-Flour from with a diffidence that leads you to esteem the and the cabinet of minerals has been greatly im- the wagons $6 50-Barley, 75 cents-Hay, author, whilst you admire his productions.-proved under his superintendance. And when he offers to exhibit facts, the accura-collection added greatly to its value; it has since trimmed, $7 50 to $8-No. 2, 85 50 to $7-No.1. $19 per ton-Rye straw, $12 do.-Shad, No. 1. cy of his preparations, and the excellence of ap-been enriched by a beautiful series of specimens, untrimmed, $7-No. 2, do. $6-Herrings, No. 1, His experiments are presented by Robert Gilmor, Esq., and of Swe-3 25 to 3 37-No. 2, $3 to 3 12-Beef, Northern always neat and perfect demonstrations. In his dish minerals, the gift of Col. John Spear Smith; mess per bbl. $17-Baltimore, prime do. $12special vocation, we think him ardent to a fault the whole embraces already a sufficient variety for Hams, 14 to 16 cts.-middlings, 10 to 12 cents. to the impairment of his constitution. But we the purposes of instruction. Dr. Howard gra--Other articles same as last report. look forward with confidence, to an increase of duated in the University of Maryland. He has patronage, that may indemnify, whilst it shall visited Great Britain, France and Italy, in search $20 to 22-Fine red, $8 to 14-Good Patuxent, Sales of Maryland Tobacco-Good spangled, prompt him to visit Europe, during a recess, and of knowledge; and, as one of their own sons, the $5 to 8-Common, $2 to 4-Inferior, no salcsthere make the personal acquaintance of emi-people of Baltimore regard the rising reputa-A few hogsheads of Virginia sold at $7 50. nent chemists, by whom he is at present regarded tion of this gentleinan with parental complawith marked respect. PROFESSOR PATTISON is now the Lecturer on in the session of 1820-21, a most impressive Dr. Wyatt, Professor of Theology, delivered Improved Cattle, for Sale. Anatomy. Under the auspices of this gentleman, series of discourses, upon the evidences of MY FRIEND, Near Philadelphia, September 25, 1822. the anatomical department, during the last two Christianity, as a commencement to his Profes- Having rented my farm, I wish to sell the fol years, has maintained the high rank, which his sorial labours, which may be resumed on his re-lowing stock, which I raised for myself, and have predecessor gave to it. Thus has Professor Pat-turn from Europe. not occasion for them. tison fully justified the high testimonials and David Hoffman, Esq, Professor of Law-has A full bred Alderney Bull, two years old this friendly commendations, which he received in Great Britain, from men of the first respectabili-which we are told by competent judges, recom-lected from our best Milch Cows, all of which published a work on the study of this science, month, and four Heifers, of 18 months old, se ty and learning, who knew him intimately as a gen-mends a most judicious range of study, enforced are now in profit by this bull, and will calve in the tleman, and a votary of science. Careful in his by excellent and appropriate observations. And course of the ensuing winter-to a person disposed arrangements, he conveys information in a manner so lucid and impressive, as to have made his play of industry and talents, will soon be en-seldom occur. we hope, that this immense field, for the dis-to purchase such a stock, such an opportunity wi accuracy proverbial. As a surgeon he is skilful, lightened by discourses from his chair. but as a Lecturer and Anatomist, he has few The price for the whole is two hundred dol In the Arts and Sciences-Rev. Mr. Allen, lars. T should be much obliged by thy stating equals. To him, the Institution and the public A. M. Trin. College, Dublin-as Professor of the circumstance in the American Farmer, this are indebted, for the best collection of morbid Mathematics, has given proof of his knowledge description of Milch Cattle, are peculiarly cal preparations illustrative of disease, that can be and industry in this department, by an approv-culated for your Southern friends. found in our country-it embraces many hun ed edition of Euclid, and an original work on dred cases of very interesting character, in a Conic Sections. paratus guarantee success. cency. I am very truly thy friend, No. 31.-VOL. 4. AMERICAN FARMER.-BALTIMORE, 25th OCTOBER, 1822. HORTICULTURE. POMARIUM BRITANNICUM, (Continued from page 235.) PINE-APPLE PLANT-ANANAS. nariæ. 241 grave obligingly showed me, in the breakfast-mangostan, and the durion of the East Indies, room of his beautiful residence of Strawberry and possibly other valuable fruits. Hall, Twickenham. The painting represents Since writing the above account, this fruit An Historical and Botanical account of Fruits, King Charles the Second in a garden before his has for the first time been imported as an artiknown in Great Britain, by Henry Philips, palace at Ham, attended by two of his favour-cle of commerce from the Bermuda Islands. -Second Edition. ite breed of spaniels, where Rose, the royal The importation consisted of about 400 pinegardener, is presenting his Majesty with the apples of the species called the Green Provifirst pine-apple. This picture was in the col-dence. These were purchased by Mr. Mart, of lection of the celebrated Horace Walpole, Oxford Street, fruiterer, who informed me, whose descriptive account informs us, that it that about two thirds of the quantity arrived 1 Species of the Bromelia, and of the Class was bequeathed by Mr. London to the Rev. in good condition. As this experiment has Hexandria Monogynia. Natural Order, Coro- Mr. Pennicott, of Ditton, by whom it was pre- been found to answer, we may in future expect sented to himself. He adds, the painting is sup- a regular supply of pine-apples, not only from This delicious fruit takes its name of pine-ap- posed to be by Daneker. It is probable that the the Bermudas, but also from the West India ple from the resemblance it bears to the cones of method of raising the ananas not being correct- islands. I observed, that those pines which the pine-tree. It is considered the king of ly understood, the plants were, by some acci-were packed with the roots, arrived in a fruits, being second to none in flavour, and al-dent, lost in this country, until they were intro- better state than others that were cut off in ways appearing at table with a crown. duced a second time. the usual manner. The ananas is an herbaceous plant, with By an engraving of the pine-apple, which leaves somewhat resembling those of the aloe. was published by Robert Furber, gardener, at PLANTAIN.-MUSA PARADISIACA. It grows wild, in vast abundance, in many parts Kensington, in the year 1733, we may judge In Botany, of the Polygamia Monacia Class. of Africa and South America; and is cultivated that the raising of pines was not then brought Natural Order, Scitamencæ. in the hotter islands of the West Indies, where to any degree of perfection, as the fruit is re- This tree received its generic name in meit requires but little attention to procure this presented short, having not more than four or mory of Antonius Musa, the freedman and phyelegant fruit in perfection and plenty. five protuberances in height, and the crown sician of Augustus, who for curing his imperi In Jamaica, pine-apples have become so pro-appears small and weak. From the drawings al master of a dangerous disease, by recomlific, that they are often used to flavour rum, of the other fruits, which seem to be from fine mending to him the use of the cold bath, was and a wine is made from the fermented juice specimens, it is natural to suppose that this honoured by the senate with a brazen statue, of the sweeter sorts, nearly equal to Malmsey. fruit was also copied from the best pine then which was placed near that of Esculapius. Lunan observes, in his Hortus Jamaicensis, that produced. Antonius was a botanist, and is supposed to be these plants grow most luxuriantly when they We have now a considerable variety of this the author of the treatise, De Herba Botanica. are associated together; and the suckers from exquisite fruit, and new kinds are frequently The plantain is a native of Guiuea, from them are stronger and finer, than when the procured by the curious from the seed, which whence it was brought to the Canary Islands, plants are separated at a distance from each is very small, of a kidney shape, and lodged and from thence carried to the West Indies; other: by this their roots are likewise kept cool- like the seeds of berries in the tubercles; but where it is cultivated with much care in all the the pine is chiefly propagated by planting the islands, the fruit being regarded among the er and moister. It is stated, that the first pine-apples raised crowns or suckers, which latter come more greatest blessings bestowed upon the inhabitants in Europe, were by M. la Cour of Leyden; quickly to maturity, and are therefore more of that climate. Dr. Wright says, the island of and the Sloanean manuscripts in the British generally preferred. The most rare kind is the Jamaica would scarcely be habitable without Museum inform us, that the Earl of Portland green pine, which was brought from Barbadoes; this fruit, as no species of provision could suphad the honour of introducing this plant into the black pine is of late introduction. Of the ply it's place: even flour, or wheaten bread England from Holland, in the year 1690. older varieties, the sugar-loaf pine, with a yel- itself, would be less agreeable, and less able to qua In the Fitzwilliam Museum, at the University lowish flesh, is greatly preferred to the oval-support the laborious negro, so as to enable of Cambridge, is a painting by Netscher, of a shaped fruit of a paler colour. The Welbeck-him to do his business, or to keep up his health. landscape with a pine-apple, and there stated seedling is a pine justly admired, as is the The fruit of the plantain-tree is about a foot to be the first that ever fruited in England, blood-pine, a variety grown by Mr. Wilmot of long, and two or three inches in diameter; it which was in Sir Matthew Decker's garden at Isleworth, who makes the following just re-forms a principal part of the food of the negroes, Richmond, in Surry, grandfather to the late mark: "like the strawberry," says he, "pines who either roast or boil it, when it becomes a Lord Fitzwilliam. Gough says also, that it was would be better reduced to four or five vari- palatable and strengthening diet: it is often Sir Matthew Decker, Bart. who first introdueties." boiled in their mess of salt beef, pork, or fish, ced the culture of the ananas. Dr. Wright says, pines have a detersive &c.; many Europeans, when accustomed to it, Brookshaw relates, that when the pine-apple lity, and are better fitted to cleanse the mouth prefer it to bread. When ripe, it is lusciously first produced fruit in England, it was deemed and gums than any gargle whatever. sweet, and makes good tarts. The Spaniards so great a curiosity, and of so much impor- This fruit was long confined to the tables of dry and preserve it as a sweetmeat, and it is tance, that persons of rank came from France, the rich and the luxurious, on account of the thought to be the most wholesome of all confecHolland, and Germany, to see it, but he omits expense of raising it in stoves, but the culti-tionary. It is one of the very best foods to fatto say, when and where it was first fruited. I vation of the pine apple is now so well under-ten domestic animals and fowls, giving a firmconclude it must have been very rare, even stood in this country, that notwithstanding theness and exquisite flavour to their flesh. had it in any instance produced fruit, before bar made by the high price of glass, and the The plantain is cultivated in Egypt, and most the year 1716; as Lady Mary Montague, on expense of fuel, this fruit is seen in our marother hot countries, where it grows to perfecher journey to Constantinople in that year, re- kets, at one fourth of the price they produced tion in about ten months from it's first planting, marks the circumstance of pine-apples being a few years back; and pine-apple ices are al- to the ripening of its fruit. This tree is only served up in the dessert, at the electoral table ready become as common as those of raspberry, perennial by it's roots, and dies down to the at Hanover, as a thing she had never before in the shops of the London confectioners. ground when it has fruited, after which it is cut seen or heard of; and from her ladyship's rank, Should the heating of stoves, by steam, answer the roots, which in six or eight months prodown: several suckers then soon come up from we may conclude that she would naturally have to the expected extent, and the duty on gar-duce fruit, so that by cutting down the stalks met with them at the English tables, had they den glass be relinquished, we shall soon have at different times, there is a constant succession not been very uncommon. African gardens of great extent on the banks of fruit all the year. This fruit must have been known in Eng-of the Thames, and pine-apples cried through land long before it was attempted to be grown our streets two for a crown. When the plantain is grown to its full height, here, as Lord Bacon mentions it in his Essay the spikes of flowers appear in the centre, The late Sir Joseph Banks says, that it does which is about four feet long. on Plantations or Colonies, which was publish-not require the foresight of a prophet to fore-come out in bunches, those in the lower part The flowers ed near a century before the introduction of tell, that in less than half a century we shall of the spike being the largest; each of these the ananas plant by the Earl of Portand; but have forcing houses of such an extent, that bunches is covered with a sheath of a fine purI am strongly persuaded that the pine-apple our markets will be supplied with the aki, and ple colour, which drops off when the flowers had been cultivated in this country at a much the avocado pear of the West Indies, the flat open. The upper part of the spike is made earlier period than that mentioned by Sloane; peaches, the mandarine orange, and the Litchi up of male flowers, which are succeeded by the and this opinion has been strengthened by af China; the mango, (which has already been fruit, that is of a pale yellow colour when ripe; curious old picture, which the Earl of Walde-ripened at Kew, in the autumn of 1808,) the and the spikes of fruit often weigh upwards of The Banana Tree: Musa Sapientum. This tree so much resembles the plantain, that is only known at first by the dark spots on its stem, which the other has not. This is a whole forty pounds. This plant has been reared in big as brown thread; and of this they make France by Queen Claude, wife to Francis the 1st our stoves since the year 1690. cloth in Mindanas, called saggen." of that country, but it bears various names in In Jamaica, there have been upwards of different parts of France. It is often called damas £200 given by an order of the Assembly for the verd; at Tours it is named abricot verd; at best specimens of this hemp. Dr. Stewart West Rouen, where it grows abundantly, they call it la gained a premium, and his process may be seen verte bonne. This plum received the name of in the Hortus Jamaicensis. Green Gage from the following accident:-The From experiments tried on the hemp made Gage family, in the last century, procured from some fruit, and is used at desserts. From it a from th plantain-tree fibre, which was man- the monastry of the Chartreuse at Paris, a collecpleasant drink is made, exceeding our cider ufactured into rope at his Majesty's dock-yard, tion of fruit-trees. When these trees arrived at When baked in tarts, or boiled in dumplings, Port Royal, in Jamaica, the following results the mansion of Hengrave Hall, the tickets were this fruit tastes like the apple: when dried in the sun, it resembles a delicious fig. It also makes a good marmalade, which is recommended as a great relief for coughs. The fruit of the King's nine-thread inch-rope broke by the weight of banana-tree is said to comfort the heart, is cooling, and refreshes the spirits. Labat, states, Dr. West's specimen broke by the that when the natives of the West Indies under were obtained : weight of drew Do. Do. Portland Cwt. gr. lb. 6 1 6 2 6 1 safely affixed to all of them, excepting only to the Reine Claude, which was either omitted to have been put on, or was rubbed off in the pack14 age. The gardener, therefore, being ignorant of the name, called it, when it first bore fruit, the o Green Gage. The compliment was justly due to the family for the introduction of this excellent o plum, which is more acceptable to the country at o large, that the trifling respect can be to the famioly of Gage. Lord Cromwell brought several sorts of plums from Italy into this country, in the reign of Henry VII.: among them was the Perdrigon. take a voyage, they make part of their provi- PLUM.-PRUNUS. The Bonum Magnum is our largest plum, and greatly esteemed for preserves and culinary purposes. A plum of the same size and shape, but In Botany, of the Icosandria Monogynia Class. of a yellower hue, has lately been introduced by The fruit of the banana-tree is about four or Plums are so numerous in their varieties, that to a Mr. Coe, of Brompton, and is called Coe's Golfive inches long, of the size and shape of a describe them separately would be endless, as not den Drop. In flavour it partakes both of the middling cucumber; it generally grows in bunch-only every country, but almost every district, has Green Gage and the Apricot. I have several es, weighing upwards of twelve pounds. The its peculiar sorts of this fruit. standard trees in my garden at Bayswater, which Spaniards have a conceit, that if you cut this, The Grecians added to their native plums those are very productive; and the fruit has the qualior the fruit of the plantain athwart, or cross-jof Syria, Egypt, and Persia, and the Romans not ty of keeping perfectly sound and good until near ways, there appears a cross in the middle of only possessed themselves of the plums of all the Christmas, if it be gathered with the stalk or a the fruit, and therefore they will not cut any, known world, but employed their ingenuity in part of the branch, and suspended in a dry room. but break them. The Franciscans dedicate making additional varieties. Columella, in his Plums are now forced in the highest perfection, this fruit to the Muses, and therefore call it tenth book, speaking of this fruit, says— which enables the gardener to supply the spring musa. The Portuguese call it ficus derta. Lodesserts with the autumnal fruits. dovicus Romanus, and Brocard, who wrote a then are the wicker baskets cramm'd Description of the Holy Land, call the bananas With Damask and Armenian, and wax plums. Adam's Apples, supposing them to be the fruit Pliny states, in his fifteenth book, chap. 13, that Eve took and gave to Adam, which is as that there was a great variety of this fruit in Itaerroneous as the account of the Abbé Poyart and ly; and it is not long, says he, since the country others, who state the leaves to be those of the about Grenada and Andalusia began to graft able than wholesome, but like the pear, they lose tree from which our first parents made them- plums upon apple stocks, which were called ap- their bad qualities by baking. Plums in general selves aprons, as from their size, which is from ple plums; others upon almond stocks, which he are moistening, laxative, and emollient, except five to seven feet in length, and from one to calls a clever devise, as it produced both fruits, the the bullaces and sloes, which are astringent.two feet in breadth, they could not have requir-stone being like the kernel of the almond. Those They are cooling, quench thirst, and create an aped sewing together for that purpose. These grafted upon nut stalks, he states, retained the petite, and therefore agree best with hot constituleaves are said to be as strong as parchment. form of the mother graft; but they got the taste tions; but they do not set easy with those that The leaves of the plantain, as well as the bana-of the stock wherein they were set. have weak stomachs. In years that plums are Dried plums are principally imported from Portugal, and the neighbourhood of Marseilles in France; from whence also prunes are brought: this latter variety is mostly used in medicine. Plums of all kinds are considered more agree na, grows so rapidly, that by placing a thread, The wild sloe and bullace are indigenous to very plentiful, and consequently much eaten, they will be found to grow an inch in an hour. this country, and in all probability the only kinds fluxes generally abound; hence it appears that The young leaves are so soft, that they are em-that are natives; but, like the wild crab-apple, they ought always to be eaten very noderately, ployed in dressings for blisters, &c. When full they have furnished stocks for every variety of and then they should be quite ripe and sound.grown, they are so large that they are used as their own species; and this fruit appears to have (Brookes.) The damson plum produces a tolersubstitutes for napkins and table-cloths; when been attended to in early days, if we may judge ably pleasant wine, and an exceedingly agreeable dried, they are made into mats and stuffings for from the variety that Gerard had in his garden kind of jelly called damson cheese. The wild mattrasses, &c. at Holborn, in 1597. "I have," says he, "three plum was used in medicine by the ancients, and score sorts in my garden, and all strange and rare: the bark of the tree is thought to be equal to the there be in other places many more common, and Peruvian bark in cases of intermitting fevers. yet yeerely commeth to our handes others not before knowne. The greatest varietie of these rare plums, are to be found in the grounds of Master In Botany a Genus of the Icosandria Monogynia Vincent Pointer of Twicknam." Class. Natural Order, Pomacea. It takes it's name from pomum granatum, a kernelled apple. If a knife be thrust into a plantain-tree, there will come out a great quantity of clear water, which is very rough and astringent, stopping all sorts of fluxes. The fruit of the banana-tree has been ripened in our hothouses; but as the tree grows very tall, the size of the leaves requires more room than most gardeners are willing to allow it in the stove. POMEGRANATE.-PUNICA. The Damson, or Damascene plum takes its name from Damascus, where it grows in great quantities, and from whence it was brought into From the rapidity of the growth of the ba- Italy about 114 years B. C. Pliny says, this plum The early part of the Bible notices the pomenana, it is of too porous a nature to merit the required the warmer sun of Syria; we may there- granate as a native of Syria. It is mentioned name of wood, and the Indians have ever fore conclude, it is still more inferior in our cli-as one of the fruits discovered in the Land of been accustomed to make cordage, and a kind mate. Promise; previous to which discovery, while of cloth, from its fibres. The celebrated cir- The Orleans plum takes it's name from the part the Israelites sojourned in the wilderness, it cumnavigator, Dampier, notices the process of France so called. This is a handsome but an in- was selected as the ornament to the robe of the more than a century ago, as follows:different fruit, and not equal to the common Mus- Ephod. "They take the body of the tree, clear it of cle Plum in flavour, although it is more cultivated "And beneath, upon the skirts of it, thou it's outward bark and leaves, cut it into quar-than even the Green Gage, which is not only the shalt make pomegranates of blue, and of purple, ters, put it into the sun, when the moisture most agreeable, but also the most wholesome of and of scarlet, round about the hem thereof; exhales; they then take hold of the threads all the plums. This latter plum was called the and bells of gold between them round about. A at the ends, and draw them out: they are as Reine Claude, from having been introduced into golden bell and a pomegranate, a golden bell 244 and a pomegranate, upon the hem of the robe nate, on account of the resemblance which the his studies and labours the means of lessening the round about.' The sacred history also informs us, that the "Quelle est la reine, qui porte tout son royaume brute creation have large demands upon us. The calix bears to a crown. two large pillars of brass, made by Hiram for dans son sein?" miseries of domestic animals. This part of the the porch of Solomon's temple, were ornamented with carvings of the pomegranate; and by the use of the wine of the sweet pomegranates for the remedies that are proper to remove them.Lord Bacon notices this fruit, and recommends duty and advantages of studying their diseases, and design of this lecture is simply to point out the the writings of Solomon we may conclude, that complaints of the liver, or if that cannot be had, The subject is an interesting one to private gena choice wine was made from it in Judea: "I would cause thee to drink of spiced wine it be taken in the morning, with a little sugar; and too high an opinion of the good sense and correct the juice of them newly expressed. He says, "let tlemen as well as to physicians, and I entertain of the juice of my pomegranates." Again it is mentioned by the Prophet Joel:- put a small piece of green citron peel, and three to believe, that a few remarks upon it will be into the glass into which the expression is made, views of medical science of my present audience The vine is dried up, and the fig-tree lan- or four whole cloves: let this be taken from Fe-deemed an improper introduction to a course of guisheth; the pomegranate-tree, the palm-tree bruary till the end of March." The juice of the lectures upon the institutes and practice of medialso, and the apple-tree; even all the trees of pomegranate is preferred even to that of oranges cine. the field are withered." The Grecians esteemed this fruit, and men- flowers are the parts directed for medicinal uses; the important duty to domestic animals which I in cases of fever. The rind of the fruit and the tioned it in their fabulous stories as growing in they are both powerful astringents, and have long have mentioned, by the relation that has been esWe are bound in the first place to discharge the Elysian Fields. When Ceres earnestly en- been successfully employed as such, both inter-tablished between them and us by the author of treated Jupiter for the restitution of her daugh-nally and externally for gargles, and in diarrhoeas, nature. They were created at the same time, ter Proserpine, who had been carried off by &c. The dose in substance is from half a drachm and from a portion of the same dust of which our Pluto, he promised to grant it on condition that to a drachm, in infusion or decoction, to half an great ancestor was formed. she had tasted no food in the infernal regions. ounce. (Woodville.) Unfortunately she had gathered a pomegranate from a tree, and eaten a few of the seeds, as in water with cinnamon, port-wine and guada jelly banishment from Paradise. We are to them (says As an instringent, the rind of the fruit, boiled which man has retained his dominion since his They are the only part of the brute creation over she was walking in the Elysian Fields. was made known by Ascalaphus, who alone had Assistant. This to be added, is recommended in Dancer's Medical Dr. Hartley) the vicegerents of God; and empowseen it; and the enraged mother turned him into an owl for his unseasonable information. The rind also produces as good ink as that made obliged by the same tenure to be their guardians ered to receive homage from them; and we are The pomegranate-tree was first brought to from galls. Rome from Carthage, in the days of the mur- roses, applied to the head, cures it's aching. The mon with us, are the effects of the same rebellion Sloane says, that the leaves beaten with oil of all the diseases and pains which they feel in comand benefactors.* Their subjection to death, and derous Sylla; and about thirty three years af- rind of the fruit, together with the bark of the against the Governor of the universe which subter this celebrated city was totally destroyed by tree, is still used in some parts of Germany, in the jected Adam and all his posterity to the same Scipio, the second Africanus. Pliny says, in the preparation and dyeing of red leather in imitation evils. 21st chapter of his 13th book, that "the terri- of Morocco. tory of Carthage claims to itself the Punic ap ple, which some call pomegranate; from the From the Memoirs of the Philadelphia Agricul- few in number, and generally of so mild a nature The diseases of the animals which still roam flowers of which we get the colour to dye the forests, and refuse to be subject to man, are cloth, called puniceus (pink or light red.") tural Society. He speaks of nine varieties, book 23, chap. 6; Lecture, was delivered by Dr. n-ch, at the re- Like the human race, they acquire new and vioThe following very appropriate and interesting far from being the case with domestic animals.and, in the former book, he describes the sweet quest of the President of the Philadephia Agri-lent diseases by civilization, or by the manner of as to yield to the operations of nature. But this is sort, the sour, the temperate, the styptic or cultural Society, in compliance with motive-im-life to which their connexion with us, and their austere, and one kind tasting of wine. difference," he says, "The pressed by the recommendations of that Society hserviency to our interests and pleasures exnates of Samos and that of Egypt, consists in printed among their Memoirs, at the request of work of natu- in beasts of prey, is often attended "between the pomegra- in their premiums. He has permitted it to be pose m. Even parturition, so perfectly the their flowers; the one being white and the other the members of that Society, who attended its de- with the same dilty and danger in domestic red. The rind of the sour kind," he says, "is livery. the best for tanners and curriers to dress their animals that take place women. Grenada, in Bland has mentioned some remarkable instances An Introductory Lecture to a Course of Lectures, in his observations upon human and comparative leather with." This author recommends pomegranates to be divided into quarters, and steeped in rain water for three days; which he states makes a good drink for those who are troubled with weak habits. The flowers, rind, and every part of the fruit, were used medicinally by the Romans; on which subject he has written at large, book 6, chap. 23. 2d. We are bound to study the diseases of doSome authors affirmed, that mestic animals, and the remedies that are proSpain, owes it's name to this fruit, which was thing. A mere physician, that is a physician who thing in wages or clothing. They require in exThe science of medicine is related to every They live only for our benefits. They cost us noper to cure them, by a principle of gratitude.brought from Africa, and planted in that part. knows nothing but the sciences which are sup-change for their labour, and all the other advantag The capital of this province has a split pome-posed to belong exclusively to his profession, is ales we derive from them, nothing from us but food granate for it's arms, which is seen on the gate-non-entity. To deserve that title in its extensive and shelter, and these of the cheapest and coarsest posts of the public walks, and is represented in import, it is necessary for us to know something kind, so that there is constantly due to them, an carving, or by painting, on all the public build- of the principles and practice of every art and immense balance of debt from us. This motive ings. The pomegranate-tree was first cultivated in that does not furnish some useful facts, or strik-more striking when we consider the specific benepursuit of man. There is scarcely one of them to take care of their health and lives will appear agland in the year 1548, during the reign of ing analogies, which may be applied to practical fits we receive from each of them. The horse is the t the Eighth; and I find it mentioned among purposes, or to the support of some important not only an important appendage, but a necessary unfortunatet fruited in the ange-house of the principle in medicine. Even the science of mo- part of the cement of civilized society. He The pomegrals the First. warmer counties of Engla..: but the frul comes the medium of the passions. It produces this ef- them from distant countries, over rough and difree blossoms in the by its influence upon the understanding through and fruits to our barns and cellars. He conveys rals is capable of affording aid to the healing art ploughs our fields,-he drags home our harvests to no perfection in the open air. The kind gen-fect in proportion to the extent of the objects to ficult roads, to our market towns and sea ports.erally planted for ornament is the double scarlet, which we direct our benevolence. The physi-He receives in exchange from them the products of which is very beautiful when in blossom. Gerard writes on the medicinal qualities of this be actuated with more zeal to extend the use-and remote parts of our country. He keeps up tree, and informs us that he reared several plants fulness of his profession, than the physician whose the inland connexion between different states by cian who loves the whole human race will always foreign nations, and conveys them to the interior from the seeds previous to 1597. The pomegranate has been planted in the West habitual patients. His zeal will be more active quick communication of intelligence, and the inIndia islands, where the fruit grows larger and and more impressive upon his understanding, affections are confined to the limited circle of his means of stages and posts, and thus favours the finer flavoured than in Europe. The French, in the should he descend in the overflowings of his bene * Observations on the frame, duties and expecta island of St. Vincent, had a riddle on the pomegra-volence from the human species, and embrace in tions of man, vol. 1. p. 415. |