Imágenes de páginas
PDF
EPUB

AMERICAN FARMER.

There were but two pieces of CARPETING by Mr. James Lear and Mrs. Jane K. Crawford, der has relation to the article of woad, "wheoffered, and they were so nearly equal in qua- which the Judges deemed worthy of great praise; ther it is in demand here," &c. lity, that their decision was principally made up and they regret that they had not at their dispoon account of the superiority of Colours. The sal a premium for these articles. Judges award the premium to Mrs. Mary Loockerman, of Talbot county: The other piece was Judges a bottle of Wine made on the 7th day of black, blue, green or purple can be produced Before I answer those questions, interesting exhibited by Mrs. Lucretia Teackle. Mr. John Willis, of Oxford, submitted to the of some assertions made by you that "no good only to yourself, I must beg leave to take notice Of HEARTH-RUGS the exhibition was truly in his garden, with the taste of which they were perfect, expensive and mischievous"-and you gratifying, and the competition much greater much pleased, and for which, in their opinion, he go on to say that no substitute for woad can be September last, of Constantia Grapes, cultivated without woad, and that all other modes are im than the Judges expected. They have award- is entitled to the greatest credit. ed the premium to Mrs. Delila Byus, of Dorchester county; but they are constrained to de- Society, that the premiums intended for Sheet-louring matter as what is raised in England,' clare that they had much embarrassment in ing and Towelling, to which none have been a- being so strong that you "have been enabled to The Judges beg leave to recommend to the Cincinnati, “contains three times as much cofound; but that the woad you have raised near deciding between Mrs. Byus's, and the rug of warded, be respectfully presented to Mrs. Eliza dye blue with it alone and without indigo." Mrs. Eliza T. Goldsborough of Talbot county. T. Goldsborough for her Hearth Rug, and to Mr. There were several others presented, very Levin Caulk, for his Counterpane. These ar- in any part of Europe, where the master dyers handsome and excellent; amongst which the ticles were highly meritorious, and so nearly equal are mostly men of scientific talent and corJudges particularly noticed one belonging to in quality and value to those of the same kind, rect information, I should have looked upon Now, my dear sir, had you published this Miss Mary M. Dawson, of Talbot county, and to which the premiums have been adjudged, that it as merely the boastings of a person ignorant another to Misses Caroline and Henrietta Har-the Judges feel particularly anxious for the suc-of the subject he was writing upon, and should riss, of Rockhall, in Kent county. Indeed all the cess of this recommendation. rugs were beautiful and highly creditable to the makers.

The display of COUNTERPANES was also exceedingly pleasing to the Judges. They have awarded the premium to Gen. William Potter, of Caroline county. They have, however, to make a similar declaration with respect to this article as to that of hearth-rugs-that they had

SAMUEL GROOME,
WILLIAM CLARK,
THOMAS CULBRETH,
RICHARD PATTISON,
ANTHONY ROSS.

NO. 8.-REPORT ON BUTTER.*

have considered it as unworthy of being answered, for every dyer there of the least information, formidable impression which it must necessarily would have seen it in its true light; but the very produce on the American dyers, who cannot be expected to have much judgment in the art, real difficulty in determining between Gen. on the quality of the different parcels of Butter, you with having no knowledge of the original makes it necessary that the fallacy of your statePotter's counterpane and a very beautiful and offered for premium at the Cattle Show and Fair, properties of woad, and of having your judgThe Judges, to whom it was referred to decide of having wilfully mistated facts, but I charge ment should be exposed. I do not suspect you excellent one exhibited by Mr. Levin Caulk, of on Thursday, the 7th inst. report, Talbot county. There were several others on the table very handsome and valuable; amongst sented to the notice of the Judges, the greater the truth. These postulatory assertions of yours which, four offered by Mrs. Jane Catrop, of Tal- part of which were of very good quality. From are calculated to do an immensity of mischief, That twenty-eight parcels of Butter were pre-conclusions that are diametrically opposed to ment so completely blinded as to have drawn bot county, were observed by the Judges with those, the Judges, after a careful examination, se- land to lead the public to expectations that can great approbation. There was another exhibit-lected eight or ten parcels, which they judged never be realized. They prove one thing howeed by Mrs. Jonathan Spencer, of the same coun- to be of superior and nearly equal excellence, ver, that your mind has seldom taken a range ty, which they cannot refrain from particularly and which would have done credit to the market beyond the woad vat and woad field. commending, as the cotton of which it was made of any city in the United States. There was grew on her husband's farm, and was spun and much difficulty in determining to which of grandfather was ushered upon this globe, all wove by herself. article. There was also a neat and excellent be given, nor was there a perfect unanimity in alone, nor was indigo ever seen there until AmeIt is a handsome and good these selected parcels a preference ought to the blues made in Europe were dyed with woad Long before your grandfather's great, great one, made partly of cotton and partly of wool, the decision finally made. After repeated tri-rica was discovered-therefore there can be nobelonging to Mrs. Mary Thompson, of the als and tastings, a majority of the judges de-thing extraordinary in your being able to colour same county. The Judges were surprised that of an article in their opinion, possessed, in rather a greater so generally manufactured as SHEETING, there degree than any of the other parcels, the three the produce will be about four thousand four cided in favor of a particular parcel, which, blue with it at the present day. should be but a single piece presented; and important qualities, of firm texture, good colour hundred and eighty pounds, when fit for the they exceedingly regret that they are obliged to and excellent flavour. On opening the paper at-market, for every acre planted, and each hundeclare, that they do not consider it of a quality tached to this parcel, it appeared to be the pro-dred, when it has been raised in a good season In Europe, when woad is raised on good land, to be entitled to any premium. There were two pieces of TABLE-LINEN ex-ty. The Judges therefore award to her the pre-go, and by others three, and during a certain hibited; but the Judges did not think them any mium offered by the Society for the best parcel period of the late continental war, the French perty of Mrs. Jonathan Spencer, of Talbot coun-is said by some to contain two per cent. of indiway remarkable, and therefore have awarded no of butter. premium for this article. OF TOWELLING, there was none presented. C. GOLDSBOROUGH, There was but little competition with respect JOHN LEEDS KERR, obtained their principal supply of indigo from to knit woollen Stockings. The Judges have aDAVID BARNUM, this plant. warded the premium to Mrs. Elizabeth Rathell, You have asserted that the woad WM. G. W. SMALL, you have raised in the state of Ohio, will give of Talbot county. There was but one pair of THOS. TENANT. knit cotton Stockings, and only one pair of knit three times as much colouring matter as that thread Stockings. The first was offered by Miss agreeable means of deciding on its value, a small you cannot possibly make money more rapidly which is raised in England. I must beg leave to Eliza Jones, and the last by Mrs. Mary Jones, parcel of bread had been laid on the table. This than by raising this very plant and manufac *To give the Judges of this article the most important statement, but should you be correct, remind you, however, that we have nothing both of the same county; to whom the premiums parcel was exceedingly admired-no flour supe-turing it into indigo. In a letter I received some more than your bare assertion for this highly were respectively awarded. There were several other articles produced been seen before. It was an uncommon sample, of South Carolina, and soon after he had given for inspection, for which the Judges had no au- and had been prepared at a neighbouring Wind up the making of indigo, he informed me, as rior, or, as some thought, equal to it, had ever few years since from Gen. Wade Hampton, then thority to award premiums, but which deserved Mill, from wheat raised by Mr. Tench Tilghman; near as I can recollect, that half an acre of into be admired. A specimen of Lace sent to the who will probably have 1500 bushels next year, at digo plant did not afford more than sixteen Show by Miss Evelina Martin, of Talbot county, the service of Farmers who desire pure, wht seed pounds of that dye, or thirty-two pounds to the they considered a very beautiful article, and wheat. highly evincive of her ingenuity and taste. A sample of Poplin, offered by Miss Mary Hull, of Easton, and of Yarn, intended for flannel, by Mrs. Ann Kennard, of the same place, were

Easton, Nov. 8, 1822.

EDIT. AM. FARM.

FROM THE NEW YORK STATESMAN.
ON DYEING.

viewed with much approbation, and considered To my Brother Dyer of Cincinnati. as handsome articles of their kind.

acre, and that what with the injury sustained by his negroes during the manufacturing, and the small produce, it barely paid expenses. my dear sir, if you can obtain one hundred and Two Hats in imitation of Leghorn, made of to some queries that were put to me in the course pidly acquire a princely fortune; and if this asNow rass collected near Baltimore, were presented of your observations on dyeing. The firs in or-sertion of yours has not been thrasonically spoIn my last essay I promised to give an answer spot where you now are, for there you may rasixty pounds of even ordinary indigo from one acre of land, you never need go away from the

ken, I congratulate you as being on the high will be found in the Artist's Manual, published the first growth of grass on the 20th June, say road to fortune and to fame. ten years since, by Doctor James Cutbush, now in five to six weeks allowed cutting for plough

GUINEA GRASS.

HOPSON.

Extracted from the Wilmington Recorder, North
Carolina, by request of the writer.

supply of green food.

EXPERIENCE.

In the next place you have asserted that in of the Cadet Establishment, West Point-a horses and mules, and supplied them with as much "your opinion no substitute for woad can be work containing a great fund of highly valuable as they could eat during the whole summer. On found," and that "the attempt to produce cer-information, and one that ought to be owned by the 25th September it had been cut four times, tain colours with any thing else would be imper-every person capable of purchasing it as a book and in two weeks would be cut the fifth. fect, expensive and mischievous." This is strong of reference. From twenty roots, the fourth cutting yielded language, and pre-supposes that you have in You further ask me to give a description of 250 lbs. of green grass. your possession, either from your own practice, the wild Indigo plant? I advise you to enquire of No kind of grass supports the heat of the sun or from that of some other persons equally res-any Botanist in your town to show you that plant better-and from the first of July until killed by pectable, documents to prove that no other plant growing wild in your woods, that is, a species of the frost, it will afford a constant and abundant can be successfully used in place of woad; if the indigofera. The seed should be sown as early in the spring you are in possession of such, you cannot conas the danger from frost is over, and the plants fer a greater favour on mankind than by making it known. Those who are at all acquainted with set out when two or three inches high. They will readily take root. A basket or two of the the properties of woad, must know that it has a double operation in the blue vat-that it acts young plants will be sufficient for an acre. Mr. Smith, I am so much convinced of the imSeed may be had at J. Gale's, store, Raleigh, both as colouring matter and as a medium of mense importance, of introducing the culture and at 25 cents a paper, containing four ounces.* fermentation, and that the former is brought One hundred plants would enable a poor into action by the latter. Now, notwithstanding propagation of the Guinea Grass, and of the highyour broad assertion that every substitute for it ly beneficial consequences that will reward those family to keep a cow in town, or supply a dray must have a mischievous tendency, I cannot but who will take the little trouble of trying faith-horse with food all the summer. believe that if any plant can be found contain-fully, an experiment, that I cannot resist the 5th July, 1822. ing an equal quantity of colouring matter, with temptation of making one more effort to bring it into notice. The paper you published was too About the 20th of May, Mr. A. S. Allen having succulent juices sufficient to bring that colourlong for the attention of many readers, and the kindly brought me some seed, which Mr. Gales ing matter into action, it cannot but answer as facts too scattered to obtain their particular no-obligingly sent me, I sowed part of it in a bed good a purpose as woad; and further, that if a tice and recollection. I therefore offer you an 52 feet long by 5 feet wide, in three drills. From plant can be found containing a much greater opportunity, of essentially serving your customers it I have planted out, at Smithville, 187 roots, in a portion of colouring matter, with the necessa- and country, by sending you a short but distinct bed 23 feet square. I have planted an irregular ry succulent juices, it must answer a better view of the important subject, from a former piece, at home, with 200 roots; and from the same purpose than woad. That the indigofera, tinctopublication, with an account of my own success. bed many more roots can and ought to be taken, it ria, or the wild indigo plant, is the very material that will be found superior to it, produhaving been sown, by an unskilful hand, irreguIf it be found to succeed in North Carolina, it larly and too thick. This, with a little difference cing more colouring matter that shall be superior will be more valuable than the discovery of a of soil at one end of the bed from the other, ocin permanency and brilliancy, I shall, against gold mine. casions the grass to be uneven. Some of it acyour bare assertion, bring the authority of Mr. Bryan Edwards, in Jamaica, considered it tually measures a little upwards of 6 feet 6 inches. Francis Cauch, Anderson, Roberts, Mungo Park, next in importance to the sugar cane. Most of I should have begun to cut this day, [July 5]the grazing farms throughout the island were ori- but observing that Dr. Brown, who sowed as earginally created, and are still supported, chiefly by ly as April, at Natches, began only the 16th Jumeans of this valuable herbage. Hence the plen-ly, I think I shall defer it till that day. Besides ty of norned cattle for the butcher and planter ; the above bed, which I shall call my experiment which is such, that few markets in Europe can bed, I have sowed a much larger space of ground, furnish beef at a cheaper rate, or of a better from which I shall have it in my power to give liquality, than Jamaica. berally, to any persons, without distinction, disposed It yields a quantity of grass and hay almost ex-to give it due attention, and who will leave their ceeding belief. names with you, and the size of the piece of From not more than six plants, a pint of seed ground they wish to fill. I will endeavour to have was given to one person. No doubt but a small these plants in town on Thursday, by sending a proportion of the product. boat on purpose, and with pleasure.

Marsden and Barrow.

You wish to know "if there be a demand for woad here." I have had woad for sale in this

GUINEA GRASS.

city for about twelve months, of prime quality,
and highly approved of by those who have used
it, and in that time I have sold about thirty hun-
dred: how much others have disposed of during
the same period I cannot inform you. I have
now between two and three tons in the market
and have offered it at a low price. The fact is
that only a few of the manufacturers are as yet
in the way of using woad, and for your further
information, I must observe, that a gentleman
In the East Indies it grows to the height of se-
who has land admirably adapted for the purpose ven feet-admits of being frequently cut-makes
is about to undertake the manufacture, secundum excellent hay. Cattle eat it both in a fresh and
artem, and he is determined to sell it at a mode-dry state with great avidity.
rate profit, for the purpose of encouraging the
consumption.

AGAIN.

COLUMELLA. 13th July, 1822. The Guinea Grass that was a little upwards of Colonel Laurens, formerly President of Con-6 feet 6 inches on the 5th inst. was measured yesgress, Ambassdor, &c. sowed one-fourth of an terday, and was then upwards of 8 feet 6 inches, On your second query, whether "the manuacre, of very indifferent land, in drills. Seed and has put out a fine ear. According to the facturers here would give a reasonable compen- sprung, and soon covered the ground with grass intention expressed, I made my first cutting sation to be instructed in the art of dyeing," four feet high and upwards. In August, divided on the 16th; but I was too late for more than am not competent to determine; and if I were, one of the roots into twenty-eight parts, which half, which has gone to seed. Is it not extraor it would be improper for me to give advice on were immediately replanted. Every part took dinary, that in this more northern climate than the subject, as I have a work ready for the press, root and grew finely. Natches, the grass sown on the 20th May here, the price of which will not exceed three dollars, Dr. Brown sowed the seed in the city of Natches, should advance to maturity so much sooner that Dr. which, to the best of my knowledge, will give in- in the month of April, in holes two feet apart. Brown's, sowed in April? More than half of struction on every process of the woollen manu-When the plants attained a proper size, he took mine being too far advanced to cut; from facture, and of every colour in dyeing. Should them up, and dividing the roots, set them out those stalks I expect to raise plenty of seed to this work prove deficient, it is very likely that when the soil was wet, filling up the ground he give away. This rapid maturity is ample proof your knowledge may then become doubly valua- had appropriated for the experiment. Began to that the Guinea Grass will succeed completely in ble. cut the grass on the 16th July; 164 stalks from North Carolina. COLUMELLA. The answer to your first query will be an an-6 to 7 feet high, growing from one root, weighed I send you a stalk of 8 feet 6 inches, not yet swer to your third. together 30 pounds. On the 10th September, a put out in ear; therefore it may be well supposed You request also to know, "if any persons second cutting from one seed, weighed 35 pounds not near its full growth. here are desirous of becoming acquainted with the number of stalks were 184, some of which the manufacture of woad," and if " they would measured ten feet eleven inches in length. Some be willing to give a reasonable compensation for part of the lot very poor soil-grass there 6 and it." These are questions which none but those 7 feet high.

NOTE.

We have several times received seeds from our correspondents, who styled then Guinea Grass who may happen to require it can answer. The One acre will more than support five horses Seeds; and, altho' the parcels were very different, best instructions, that were ever given for manu- most abundantly the year round. One-eighth of yet each cultivator seemed to think, that the seeds facturing of woad, are contained in a letter from an acre, of very fertile land, near Fort Adams, sent by himself were really those of Guinea the late Mr. John Parish to the Bath and West from plants set out the first and second week in Grass."

of England Agricultural Society, a copy of which May, without any trouble except cutting down We sowed one of these kinds which we re

ceived from North Carolina and the District offers.-5. Butchers.-6. Vintners.-7. Tailors.-intended honouring her with their company in Columbia-the plants matured, and we give a 8. Smiths.-9. Odd Fellows' Society.-10. Brick- the ladies' procession, which moved to the papartial representation thereof below: See Fig. 1. layers.--11. Plasterers.--12. Gardeners,--13. Prin-rish church at half-past ten, attended by the comThe seeds thereof are nearly three times asters and Bookbinders.--14. Free-masons.--15. The panies and societies; after divine service, the large as red clover seed. We had some, pre-Mayor and Corporation. whole paraded round the market place, and thro' cisely like them, sent to us last summer, and The whole of the persons comprising the pro- Cheapside to the Town-hall. The procession these were called Egyptian Millet Seeds. This cession were dressed in new apparel, with sash- was led by the officiating lady mayoress, supported plant is mentioned in No. 13, pages 103-4, of es and rosettes. The banners were the most by the mayor and his chaplain. The Countess our present vol. and we shall receive a par-splendid ever witnessed. Before the Spinners of Wilton, with the Hon. Mr. Stanley, followed, cel of seed this winter, as therein stated, for gra- and others engaged in the cotton trade, cotton and they were succeeded by a train of ladies, tuitous distribution. trees were carried, and carriages, drawn by which extended from the church to the market

331.

2

1

LETTER II. ON THE POOR LAWS.

Of the other kind, we did not plant any; but horses, contained the steam-engines and differ-place. we are enabled to give the representation, Fig. 2, ent machinery employed in that business, all at from some sprigs of Guinea Grass that were ob-full work, and superintended by able workmen, tained from Jamaica-we compared the chaffy who were chiefly dressed in white clothing.buds on these, with some which we received in a The exhibition had a most pleasing and novel SIR-I have failed in the object of my first clean state, from Dr. Jno. S. Bellinger, of Dun- effect. Between each carriage walked 40 men, letter, if I have not proved that the cause of cansville, Barnwell District, South Carolina, and with white sashes, and, on a rose-coloured ground, charity gains nothing from Legislative interfound them to be precisely similar. An account the inscription "Success to the Spindle," "Pros- ference. I shall fail in the present, if I do not of his cultivation of this Grass and its immense perity to the Warpers," &c. &c. The proces- convince you that, the attempts of a Legisla product, may be seen in our third volume, page sion of the Master Tailors claimed particular no-ture to make people charitable have a tentice, and excited much laughter, from its singu-dency directly the reverse. The avowed oblarity. The Smiths were preceded by two stout ject of the legislative establishment is to premen, in antique dresses, carrying axes, followed vent begging and vagrancy; that is, to prevent by two others, one in mail and the other in brass applications being made to individuals for occaarmour. The Carpenters and Joiners' Compa-sional and temporary relief, or in other words, ny had a splendid effect; each man carried a to limit the opportunities which those charitawand, surmounted with a gilt square and com-bly disposed would otherwise have of exercising pass. The "Paradise Lodge of Gardners" were their liberality; and to furnish the unfeeling greatly admired. A large crown of flowers pre- with a ready and plausible excuse for neglectceded the individuals composing the lodge, toge-ing their duties. The benevolence of a truly ther with poles bearing specimens of the choicest good man, whose charity is a principle and not fruits. Two children raised in a car of flowers, an impulse, is a fixed system. An application surmounted with trees, personified Adam and Eve, to such a man for aid would be neither granted the serpent being placed between them, with a nor refused without inquiry. If the object prolarge apple in its mouth. The Printers and Book-ved deserving and distressed, a proper sense of binders came in deservedly for a great share of his duty would not permit him to be satisfied public attention. In a large vehicle a printing- with relieving the immediate distress; but his press was seen at full work, striking off various conscience would impel him to attempt the remottos, which were eagerly purchased. On the moval of the cause of misery, and to afford such side of the carriage appeared the words-"Print-assistance as would have permanently beneficial If the Grass grown by COLUMELLA, resemble ing invented in 1440, and on the flags-Liber- effect. If the cause of the poor man's suffering fig. 1, and if that grown by Dr. Brown, at Natches, tas non licentia," and "Sit lux, et lux fuit." be only accidental or temporary, the pious be represented in fig. 2, then is the difference in Next came the Odd Fellows, attired in the ec- christian will teach him patience and fortitude, centric dress of their order. The Free-masons, exhort him to hope for better times, support him the ripening of their seeds explained.

Ed. Am. Farmer.

FROM A LIVERPOOL PAPER.
PRESTON GUILD.

The reader may find a valuable article on Gui-decorated with their several orders, closed the in adversity, point out the mode and provide nea Grass, in our first volume, No. 21, pages procession, and lined the way from the Town-him with the means of renewed exertion. But hall to the church, for the Mayor, Recorder, and the law has directed, that such application shall 163-5, furnished by our much esteemed correspondent J. M- It details the experiments members of the Corporation, who proceeded on be made, not to the christian, but to the overmade with this grass by Dr. Brown, in Mississippi foot, together with the officers of the city, bear seers of the poor. In the time of sorrow, then th state, and by Henry Laurens in South Carolina-ing the Mace, &c. The sermon was preached distressed man applies to these overseers with with its history and Botanical Description. by the Vicar, from the 4th verse of the 122d the confidence of relief. He is examined with Psalm; and at the conclusion of Divine Service, suspicion and insults, or perhaps received withthe procession, in order given above, paraded all out any examination at all: he is treated prothe principal streets of the town back to the bably with rudeness or contempt at the best, Town-hall, where the bands played "God Save with indifference and unconcern for his sufferthe King," and " See the conquering Hero comes." ing; finally, conscious of the curses which the Monday, Sept. 2.-The important and inter- The Mayor and Corporation walked the whole additional expense of his subsistence calls down esting ceremony of "Preston Guild," commenced of the distance, though the rain poured very fast. upon him, he is ordered to the Poor-House, this day. At an early hour the Union Standard The whole line of procession was thronged with than which, he had better have been committed t was displayed on the tower of the parish church, spectators, together with the tops of houses and prison. The same inequity, profligacy, and deand the morning was ushered in by the ringing churches. The windows presented a brilliant bauchery reigns in one as in the other. The of bells, the inspiring sound of martial music, assemblage of beauty and fashion. In the even-same love of idleness, the same hatred of hoand the noisy clang of hammers employed in ing the opening of Guild Ball was numerously nest industry, the same contempt for laws, wheerecting various buildings. The several trades attended, and displayed a scene of beauty, ele-ther human or divine, the same cunning and and societies were ranged under the respective gance and fashion, unrivalled in this town, and falsehood, the same resolution to prey upon banners, and all were actively engaged in setting perhaps in the county. The dresses of the la- their fellow men, and the same propensity to themselves off to the best advantage. At half dies were particularly splendid, uniting the very blaspheme their Creator, rules the poor-house, past nine o'clock the Mayor, accompanied by the height of fashion, with classical chasteness. Sil-(at least such as I have seen) and the prison. Recorder, Mr. Justice Park, and the Rev. Vicar, ver lama over white muslin, with a profusion of Of the two, I think the prison least dangerous! arrived at the Town-hall, in a carriage drawn pearl ornaments, in a variety of devices of loops, to morals, since in that a general intercourse of by four horses, escorted by a large party of the broaches, tiaras, necklaces, &c. was the prevail-its inmates is under severe restrictions, and Cotton-spinners. His Worship received the de-ing costume. The simplicity and elegance of the most external sources of, and incitements to vice putations from the trades, and the arrangement general appearance, was uncommonly attractive are excluded. Can a man, plunged in such a being completed, at seven minutes past eleven sink of corruption, come forth uncontaminated? the procession started for the parish church in Second Day, Tuesday. The processions of Mon--placed in such a pestilential vapour, can he es the following order: day were gay and imposing, but the splendour and cape contagion? Will he not be liable to con 1. Tanners', Skinners', Curriers', and Glovers', fascination of the Jubilee were reserved for this tract the moral diseases of his companions, and company-2. Spinners, Weavers, and Woolcomb-day. The Mayoress attended at the Town-hall, prefer a life of idleness and debauchery, at the ers. 3. Shoemakers.4. Carpenters and Join- at half-past nine, to receive those ladies who polic expense, to bread hardly earned by cont

and beautiful.

stant and laborious toil? But suppose a mira-jing the pipes for conveying the gas, a few remarks drawings, books and papers, amounted annually cle, let him go out unhurt from the furnace of on the proposed method of illumination may be to upwards of £50. All the workmen employthis fiery trial; let his social qualities resist the useful to those unacquainted with the subject. Jed in my establishment consider these gas lights force of example; let his affections be deaf to There are at present but very few of the as the greatest blessing, and I have only to add the voice of persuasion; and his morality impe- principal cities and towns in Great Britain in that the light we now enjoy were it to be produnetrable to the shafts of ridicule-what good which this method of lighting is not in use, and ced by means of Argand's lamps or candles, has the legislature's charity done him? Can its superiority over every other mode of obtain-would cost at least £350 per annum." they recompense the torture of his feelings ing light is so great that the gas light system Mr. Cook, a manufacturer of metal toys at while caged in this earthly pandemonium? Can has been introduced into Russia, Germany, Birmingham, and who was one of the first to hey obliterate the remembrance of his terrors for France, Portugal and many other parts of Eu-adopt the use of gas, writes thus-" in all trades the safety of his soul? Can they chase away rope. in which the blow pipe is used with oil and the shadows of guiltiness which have haunted The theory of the production of gas light is pre-cotton, or where charcoal is employed to prohim since the impure contact? Or can he, cisely the same as that of our usual method of ob-duce a moderate heat, the gas flame will be when want again assails him, implore aid from taining light. In our common lamps, candles, found much superior both as to quickness and such hands, on such terms? A legislature's &c. the wick by capillary attraction conveys neatness in the work; the flame is sharper, and charity, then, does not seem the most proper the oil, tallow, or other inflammable substances is constantly ready for use; while with cotton or the most efficient for the subject of that to the point where it is consumed. The flame and oil, or charcoal, the workman is always charity, even when he is most deserving. If of the lamp or candle performs the office of a re-obliged to wait for his lamp or coal getting up. the sphere of a truly benevolent man's exertions tort and fire, and decomposes the oil or tallow; that is till it is sufficiently on fire to do his work. is contracted by the effect of Poor Laws, will the gas thus produced takes fire, keeping up the Thus a great quantity of oil is always burned they not reduce into a still narrower compass the process of decomposition, and at the same time away useless; but with the gas the moment the charities of a more numerous class?-those whose affords us light. [stop-cock is turned, the lamp is ready, and not only charity consists in giving money. The great- The proposed plan of employing gas lights is a moment is lost." er portion of this class have much feeling, but at then nothing more than performing on a great least as much dislike to trouble; they are indeed scale what is effected by each lamp or candle humane, but their apathy cannot be made to yield now used. Instead of the trouble of filling lamps, According to a Satistical Chart, published in to the active offices of humanity. There are removing the crust of charcoal that collects a Neapolitan journal, the universal population some of these men, who, if they had the pro-around the wicks, or flies off in sparks, (and of the Globe is 632,000,000 thus subdividedper sum in change to give to a beggar, would which is the deposition from the oil during 172,000,000 in Europe; 330,000,000 in Asia; bestow it freely, but who would not walk twen-its decomposition, or convertion into gas) we are 70,000,000 in Africa; 40,000,000 in America; and ty yards to procure it. Such men give money to be presented with all the illuminating pro- 20,000,000 in the other parts. to the miserable, not more from charity than from perties of the oil without its charcoal.

POPULATION OF THE WORLD.

Estimate by approximation-In Europe, Births, selfishness, and a love of their own ease. They The oil is to be decomposed in iron vessels, per annum 6,371,370; per diem, 17,458; hour, suffer less in giving a few dollars to the wretch- and its gaseous, or illuminating part collected 727; minute, 62; second, 1.

es whom accident casts in their way, than they in a large receiver, from which it will pass out Deaths, per annum, 5,058,822; per diem, 13,860; would suffer from a reflection that possibly one in the state of an air to the pipes in the streets, hour, 577; minute, 9.

of those objects had actually died for want of and thence to each lamp, where it will be set In the entire universe-Births, per annum, that relief which they withheld. The Poor fire to like any other lamp. The gas will not 23,407,407; per diem, 64,130; hour, 2,672; miLaws do not increase the charities of this class-take fire of itself on its escape into the atmos-nute, 44.

they take away its principal motive to benevo-phere, but only on presenting to it some flaming Deaths, per annum, 18,588,235; per diem, lence since they assure it that the poor shall body.

50,927; hour, 2,122 ; minute 35.

not actually die, nor even be in any great danger It will be scarcely credited that many intelli- Persons arrived at the age of 100-in 1800, acof starvation. Those who would support the gent and in other respects well informed per-cording to Larrey, there were at Cairo 35 indipoor from the ostentation of humanity are de- sons, believe the reverse to be the fact-such viduals who had attained to the age of 100 and prived of that inducement, since a man can however is the case. upwards. In Spain, in the last age, were to be gain little credit by doing that, which, if The utility of gas lights is not limited to the seen at St. Jean de Page, a town in Gallicia, 13 he does not do, will be as well or better done purposes of illumination-a gas lamp emits the old persons, the youngest of whom was 110, and by the law. And thus, one of the most copious same quantity of heat as a lamp of the usual the oldest 127; their ages made together. 1,499 sources of charity is destroyed by the operation of kind, having a flame of the same size, and it is years. England is generally accounted to conemployed in Europe for various purposes in the tain, 3,100 individuals of 100 years old. At the There is yet another class (a small one I fear) arts, as soldering, heating copper plates, &c. commencement of the present century there whose charities the Poor Laws completely par- In proof of this we shall extract some parts of were in Ireland 41 individuals from the age of alize. It consists of those whose reading and the statement of persons who have long used 95 to 104, in a population of only 47,000 souls. In reflections have convinced them of the ruinous gas lights for various purposes. Russia, amongst 891,652 dead, in 1814, there

the Poor Laws.

consequences of such a system, and whose prin- Mr. Ackerman, of London, who has a very were 3,531 individuals of from 100 to 132 years ciples of justice towards their country and pos-extensive printing and engraving establishment, of age. In Hungary, the family of Jean Kovin terity forbid the indulgence of their feelings in and whose name is not unknown in this coun- has furnished the example of the most extraoracts of charity, which will but increase the try, states that his printers use 16 gas lamps dinary longevity. The father lived 172 years, evils of pauperism, and hasten that catastrophe, instead of charcoal for heating their copper his wife 164 years; they were married for 142 which the Poor Laws, if persisted in, must una- plates, and that the saving in consequence is years, and the youngest of their children was 115. voidably produce.-It may be objected to this £25 sterling annually.-The whole of Mr. Ack- Daniel Bernaulli calculated that the innoculaletter that the picture which I have drawn of erman's establishment, his public library, print-tion of the small-pox has been the means of prothe Poor-house is better suited to a declamation ing offices and work shops, together with his longing human life by three years, and the new than a serious argument. I can only reply that dwelling house from the kitchen to the drawing observations of Duvillard gave the same result I have painted faithfully from that Poor-house room, are lighted with gas to the total exclu- from vaccination. with which I am best acquainted, and which sion of all other lights. The annual expenses

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

ought to be as well regulated as any in the state; of lighting this establishment before the intro- FROM THE NEW YORK COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER. and that I hope to prove hereafter that the duction of gas lights, he states at £160 sterling better the condition and the regulations of Poor--the present expense of gas, £40 5s.-making At the sale at Washington Hall, on the 14th, houses, the more quickly will that rum arrive, the balance in favour of gas £119 15s. per in this city, after the distribution of the premiwhich it is my object to guard against: and if year. ums, the Crawford hat, manufactured by Miss

it were even possible to make the labour of pau- "Such" he says, "is the simple statement of HARRISON, of Duchess county, which took the pers nearly but not entirely support themselves my present system of lighting, the brilliancy of first premium, was purchased by Alexander Spenin Poor-houses, the dangers I apprehend would which when contrasted with our former lights, cer, Esq. of Greenbush, at 120 dollars; the one be increased and hastened. bears the same comparison to them as a bright by Miss Hedges, of East Hampton, Long Island, summer sunshine does to a murky November day; which took the second premium, by John L. Granor are we, as formerly, almost suffocated with ham, Esq. of this city, at 55 dollars; the one by the effluvia of charcoal and fumes of candles and Miss Babcock, of the same place, which had the As the City Gas Company are proceeding with lamps. In addition to this, the damage sustain- third premium, by Peter H. Schenck, Esq. at 50 great rapidity in completing their works, and lay-ed by the spilling of oil and tallow upon prints, dollars; and that of the two young ladies under

I remain, with respect, &c. LUCIUS.
GAS LIGHTS.

I am respectfully thy friend,
HUGH HARTSHORN.

twelve years, of grass from the garden of colonell the valuable properties of the Dutch oven. Hav-it with the Editor to judge whether it may be Rutgers, by T. R. Smith, Esq. of this city, at 31 ng satisfied myself by experiment that it is ad-expedient or not to publish our communications. dollars. The elegant lace veil which attracted mirably calculated to render flesh palatable in a so much attention, made by Mrs. Bush, of this saving manner, I recommend your gridiron and city, was purchased by John L. Graham, Esq. at 21 dollars.

its appurtenances, as a piece of kitchen appara-
tus, to all house-keepers who are desirous of
combining the luxury of eating with frugality in
cooking.
SAMUEL MITCHELL.

From a Poughkeepsie Paper, New York. At the Duchess county fair last week, Miss JuLIA HARRISON, of Amenia, exhibited the finest N. B. The above Gridiron may be seen at this imitation Leghorn hat, of her own manufacture, office, and orders received for them.—Nat. Adv. even seen in this country. She was offered for it one hundred and fifty dollars on the spot, but re

BUTTER.

CHILLICOTHE TWIN CALVES. We were, on Saturday last in common with a number of persons, favoured with the sight of these beautiful animals. They are 7 wins and were raised and fatted by our respected fel low-citizen, GEORGE RENICK, Esq. of this neigh bourhood. They are seven years old; and fo size and beauty have seldom been equalled in fused to sell at that price. It is said that this in- This delicate and valuable domestic article, it America. The Steer was weighed in our pregenious young lady was busily occupied for ten is known, is manufactured in considerable quan- sence, at the Hay Scales in this town; and wa weeks in the manufacture of this elegant article. tities in Orange county. At a recent cattle show found to weigh 2996 pounds. The Heifer If she had sold it, she would have been paid for at Goshen, it appeared that John M. Graham nearly as large as the Steer, and is supposed her labor at the rate of fifteen dollars a week, made 2535 lbs. of butter from 20 cows. His farm by good judges to weigh within 200 pounds a very tolerable wages for these hard times. is only 95 acres; he has 39 hogs kept on milk, much; but as she appeared somewhat wild, This meritorious young lady, we are happy to which will weigh 200 lbs. each, when killed. was deemed unsafe to weigh her. We under learn, was much caressed at the agricultural Col. Moses Crawford, of Montgomery, produced stand that it is Mr. Renick's intention to tak ball. The gentlemen vied with one another, in 2051 lbs. of butter from 20 cows. These are va-them down the river to Orleans. evincing their sense of her superiority. This is luable products.-N. Y. Advertiser. as it should be. It must have been gratifying to her feelings, and rouse the ambition of others.

Chillicothe Supporter. THE FARMER.

BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1822.

Unparalleled Munificence.-The Hon. Stephen Van Renssalear, has engaged Professor A. Eaton, From the Rochester Telegraph, New York. of Troy, to take a Geological and Agricultural PRICES CURRENT.-CORRECTED WEEKLY. Arrived at this village on Wednesday last, the Survey of the Great Canal route from Albany to canal boat Western Trader, Captain Garney, Buffalo, a distance of 380 miles. The survey is 1 30-Rye, 70 to 75 cts.-Corn, 48 to 50 cts.White wheat, $1 35 to 1 40-Red do., $1 27 from Utica, with a full freight of emigrants, con- to include the breadth of ten miles. An accu-Oats, 35 to 37 cts.-Flour, best white wheat sisting of eight families, in all 60 persons, who rate investigation of the rocks, soils, minerals and have come the distance of 150 miles, for the mo- plants, is to be made on both sides of the canai.derate sum of $1.50 each; thus completely elu- The method of culture adopted by the best praccidating one of the many important Benefits of tical farmers is to be sought out, and all varieties the great western canal. of soil to be analyzed.—Albany Daily Adv.

TANNING DISCOVERY.

0

BUTTER MAKING IN COLD OR WIN

TER WEATHER.

prac

$7 374-Howard st. Superfine, $6 87-Whar
Peas, black eyed, 55 to 60 cts.-Clover seed, 9
do. 6 12-do. do. 5 75-Beans, $1 25 to 1 371-
$10-Timothy seed, 44 to $5-Flax seed, 75t
80-Whiskey, from the wagons, 34 to 35 c
per gal.-Apple brandy, 30 to 32 cts.-Peach de
No. 2, $3 373-Shad, No. 1, none-No. 2, $6-
65 to 70 cts.-Herrings, No. 1, $3 624 per bbl.-
Bacon, round, 10 to 11 cts-Straw, $10 50 to
11 per ton-Hay, $17 50 to 18.

Maryland Tobacco since last report.
No material change in the trade or prices of

Houses, Lots, and Lands.
THOMAS W. GRIFFITH,
At his Office near the Exchange, Baltimore
all kinds of REAL ESTATE, which it is des
receives, registers and exhibits, descriptions
rable to buy, sell, exchange or rent.
Property is advertised and conveyances mad

Six weeks since, application was made to a person for the loan of one thousand pounds to a Rahway, New Jersey, Feb. 24, 1822. young chemist, who had made a discovery J. S. SKINNER, ESQ. he was too poor to substantiate by experiment. Respected Friend,-Thy favour with the paThe money was obtained, and in a few days re- pers came safe, for which please to accept my paid by the borrower, already raised to sudden most sincere acknowledgments. I feel myself affluence by the private disposal of his invention: It is a new mode of tanning skins, combining such if I only had the means, to be in any way useful greatly in debt already, and have a sincere wish, rapidity and economy, as promise to the public to the support of a paper, which I believe will an immediate and immense advantage. Raw produce the most important and beneficial effects, hides hitherto lying twelve months in the tan upon the agriculture of this country. pit, and subjected to a process otherwise defective and precarious, are now perfect leather mention a very easy and excellent method of If not generally known, it may be useful to within six weeks, and at less than half the ex-making Butter, in winter, or in cold weather, late when required, and every other assistance pense. The gentleman who bought the inven- in the fall. We began it last fall, and have offered in effecting sales or purchasers on mo tion, is a noted opposition member and contrac-tised it since with uniform success. It consists derate terms. Experience has proved tha tor; and from the terms of his stipulation, we simply in heating the cream, instead of souring it,ved by such agencies, and no doubt is enter much trouble, expense and delay have been sa may form some judgment of the probable magni- in the usual troublesome and tedious manner.tude of the results. He has paid him ten thou-The cream, as it is skimmed, is put into a vessel, tained but the establishment will receive tha sand pounds down, he has given him obligatory until enough is collected for churning, and kept support necessary to render the Office a public deeds securing him £5,000 on the first of Janua- in any convenient place where it will not freeze. as well as a private benefit. ry, £5,000 per annum for the four years next suc- It is then poured into a copper or brass kettle ceeding, and afterwards £11,000 a year for life! and hung over the fire until scalding hot, but is It is expected that the price of a pair of boots not suffered to boil-it is then poured back again will not exceed eight shillings, and a correspond-into the cream pot, and left to stand till even- At a low price, and on a long credit, ing fall will be produced in all articles of leathering, by which time it will be nearly cool, rather The FARM on Élk Ridge, occupied by Mr cooler than new milk; it is then churned, and H. Scott, and formerly owned by Luther Mar with us, has never failed to produce good butter, tin, Esq. containing about 1100 acres. in a very short time; and of a better quality and It is situated about eleven miles from this city colour than when soured in the usual way. It near the Washington road, and is considered re is indeed scarcely any more trouble to make but-markably healthy. The situation is handsome ter in this way in winter, than in the usual mode, and the land easily improved by plaster and clo I willingly, sir, give you my opinion on your in summer. Care, however, must be taken that ver. This property will be divided if required patent, economical utensil, the hollow-barred the fire be not too strong, as if the cream should and immediate possession given. For terms ap Gridiron, with a Reflector and a Dripping-Pan. be in the least burnt, it will give the butter an ply to Broiling has been considered as the most sa-Junpleasant taste.

manufacture.-London Globe.

PATENT GRIDIRON.

New-York, 12th Nov. 1822.

To MR. MUSSEY.

voury, but at the same time the most wasteful I thought it right to mention this process to way of cooking meat. Your invention removes in you, as we have found it to save a great deal of

October 15th, 1822.

FOR SALE,

ROBERT & JOHN OLIVER. FOR SALE.

A Heifer of two years old, from an import

a great measure, from this operation, the charge trouble and some vexation. And now that we have of extravagance, by saving the fat and juice from such a convenient medium, I think it is incum-ed Devon Cow, by the celebrated Improved destruction by the hot coals. The rays of heat bent on all Farmers to report whatever they be-Durham Short Horn Bull, Denton.--Price $1 repelled from the bright surface of tin, add to it lieve may be new and useful to others, and leaveApply to the Editor

« AnteriorContinuar »