He who procrastinates struggles with ruin. Always speak from the heart-the only source from which truth can flow in a passionate, persuasive torrent. Your hopes and courage gather greater force as you go along, if you but make the best of what lies closely at hand. "The Press, my Lords, is one of our outsentries; if we remove it, if we hoodwink it, if we throw it in fetters, the enemy may surprise us."-Erskine, 1792. "People grow old by thinking themselves old. When they reach the age of forty, fifty or sixty they imagine they look like others of the same. age, and that they soon will be useless, unfit for work and unable to perform their duties. As surely as they think this it will come true, for thought is creative." "Be punctual. Keep your business appointments to the minute. You would not think of robbing your business associate of money; why then steal his time, which is more precious to him than money, by failing to keep an appointment or by coming late? Nothing begets confidence quicker than punctuality; and confidence is the soul of business. Distrust and success never go into partnership. 'Punctuality is the politeness of kings,' said Louis XIV. It is much more than this; it is the duty of all who need or use the time of others. Some make the punctuality of others the thief of their time. If you wish to succeed, don't be one of those men." Learn the value of time. Time is the most important asset that a business man possesses; yet he cannot hoard it, cannot increase it by any manner of business acumen, and he must spend it continuously. He can only control its use. Every day is exactly the same length to you that it is to your business competitors; but the way each day shall be employed by yourself is for yourself alone to say. And right here is where Time hands out success or failure. If your competitor, and all have competitors, devotes a part of his time outside of regular business hours to the study of how he can better his business, while you idle yourself away, he will certainly get the start of you. If he is more diligent of his time during business hours than you are, he will get the start of you. If you are a dawdler, a timewaster, an idler, you can never succeed. Learn the value of time. You can waste years of it; but you cannot make the smallest fraction of a "Debt is a rope to your foot, cockle burrs in your hair, and a clothes pin on your tongue." From Common Sense is scattered the seeds of great reform which will ripen with the progress of civilization. There are no backward steps in the era of human history, therefore there is nothing lost -what is gained by one man becomes a permanent investment. Poverty is the mother of intelligence, integrity and morality. We need some one to believe in us-if we do well, we want our work commended, our faith corroborated. The individual who thinks well of you, who keeps his mind on your good qualities, and does not look for flaws, is your friend. Who is my brother? I'll tell you: he is one who recognizes the good in me.-Fra Elbertus. "Every new generation is obliged to rescue the most precious of its privileges-the Freedom of the Press-from the insidious encroachments of power, and to stand in defense of the liberty which is the foundation of all other liberties; which is essential to everything that can with propriety be termed good government."-Murray. men. "Genius is patience," says Buffton. "Do as I have done-persevere," was the way George Stephenson usually summed up his advice to young "Work, spell it in capitals, WORK; WORK all the time," Jack London writes in an article of advice to writers. Perseverance might be termed the glue of success. It is the thing that holds our efforts together, and finally solidifies them into success. The man who sticks is the man who succeeds. Because of this quality of sticktoitiveness the Anglo-Saxon races have become the most powerful peoples of the earth. They have won, not by cleverness and brilliancy of mind, but by pure tenacity of purpose, the bulldog grip of perseverance. What is true of the race is even more true of the individual. The brilliant, clever boy seldom wins any great success, because he seldom has the habit of perseverance. Things have come too easy for him. If he had to work harder, he would have had to persevere longer; and thus might have learned how to stick to a thing, however difficult, until he had mastered it. Now, this is exactly the quality of mind that wins success. In the race of life Perseverance is the tortoise that wins, Brilliancy of Mind the hare that suffers itself to be PLANNING A NEW HARBOR FOR CHICAGO. Some time ago the Chicago Harbor Commis sion requested the author to express his views as to the most suitable location for the construction of a New Harbor for Chicago, and to offer plans and suggestions relative to such an undertaking. There are many difficult points which the author has given serious consideration. The following will give the reader an idea of the magnitude of this work and the purposes of the New Harbor. Taking up Dr. Beirly's article at this point, he says in part, that the New Harbor should be a commodious refuge for lake traffic, great and small, in time of storm. There must be ample wharfage for the largest class of lake carriers so arranged as to be easily reached by these vessels under their own steam with depth sufficient at dock lines to admit of loading to the limit of draught for which these large carriers are built, and docks should have ample area for elevators, warehouses, lumber yards, coal yards, passenger steamers, and all of the industries common to the meeting places of rail and waterborne commerce, together with ample track facilities to meet demands of the business. In another generation the commerce of this city will be more than doubled, and harbors cannot be built every few years. The new harbor to be constructed should be made sufficiently commodious to cover all practical requirements for future cen "Bearing in mind that the Chicago River will eventually fulfill three separate and distinct functions, namely, that of a harbor both for lake vessels unloading at Chicago and lake vessels transferring for canal, river, or rail traffic; secondly, a through channel for vessels continuing down the Illinois River or to the Mississippi River; and thirdly, as a drainage canal. Speaking of the canal Dr. Beirly says: "Chicago has her Drainage Canal, a wonderful triumph of engineering skill and construction. Will any mortal ever be so bold as to suggest seriously that it should never have a mouth adequate in every way to enable vessels of the largest tonnage to enter it and thereby promote it to the exalted uses for which it was mainly intended -that of a Chip Canal? Does any one seriously believe that the Chicago River could be made adequate to meet present requirements, to say nothing of the future when the city's commerce will be many times multiplied? If so, let him take a serious thought in order that he may extricate himself from a most ridiculous position. My plans involve tremendous changes and readjustments, together with the expenditure of vast sums of money to the end that our commercial conditions may be improved. They involve not alone the harbor problem, but include in their vast scope the terminal readjustment of most, if not all, of the steam railway trunk lines, of which there are upwards of thirty now entering this city. He considers the congested Loop District as follows: DR. ALFRED BIERLY. turies. Any plan that invites the possibility of additional railroad traffice extension to the lake front anywhere is most inadvisable and should never be seriously considered. To get relief from our present troubles of loop congestion, the steam railroad traffic must be restricted. The beauty of our lake front should be preserved and improved. Commerce can find ample and most commodious territory in more outlying districts where larger and better facilities are awaiting her approach. In times past, the railways were among the city's chief blessings, but now-owing to too close proximity to her business center-they are the greatest barrier to natural expansion, and should be requested to move to more outlying quarters. "I recall, that prior to the building of this loop, loud complaints, as now, were heard about street congestion. Of course, I realize that the loop contributes its full share to augment the trouble. It is said that business does not spread beyond the loop confines; but what is there to hinder any one from opening a business house outside of the Loop District? The question may be asked: What are the business conditions that now prevail just beyond the loop territory? Take a careful look at the condition of things southward beyond the loop for instance. Does one find any very desirable property on which to open a clean business? What classes of business now exist there? In the main, they are undesirable, to say the least, and no self-respecting person would venture to locate a clean business there with any hope of becoming successful under prevailing conditions. The districts north, west and south are largely occupied by railroad trackage, freight sheds, depots, cheap hotels, riffraff and levees. These, and not the "loop," are the chief causes that prevent the natural expansion of the city's business district. Chicago is the greatest railroad center in the or on foot, to reach the location from which to continue their journey. This is a most deplorable state of affairs, for in most instances it gives the traveler the very worst impression of the city obtainable. All of this should be obviated as speedily as possible; for it is neither in keeping with the spirit of the city nor the times. The best remedy for this, and one demanded by every interest, is to consolidate and handle this vast traffic by modern methods from not more than two locations or depots. To ennoble that wonderful achievement, the Canal, a means of entrance, a mouth for it, must in some way be provided. Manifestly, a channel other than the Chica city grew their Proposed plan for the new harbor to begin at the north branch of the It is amazing that Chicago, standing at the very head among cities when volume in railway traffic is considered, should be near the foot in point of convenience or lack of convenience to travelers. People passing through the city by railway must, in most instances, journey long distances through our worst streets by 'bus lines, cabs, street cars, go River, ade quate in size and scope, is in this connection from 600 to 700 feet in width, or even wider, and of the necessary depth, nothing more adequate could be desired for such a purpose. In time of storm it would prove itself a perfect refuge. The constructing of such a channel could be accomplished in the course of a few years, and the excavated material could be utilized in the building of the Lincoln Park extension. Starting at the mouth of the river and widening the same 100 feet or more by cutting away the north wall as far west as Market street, there intercept the north branch stream, thence dig due west on or just south of the Chicago & Northwestern Railway course to the vicinity of Rockwell street; thence turning south to intersect with the Drainage Canal-a distance of over six miles, and ample for harbor facilities and other necessary purposes for future centuries. Along such a channel a vast stretch of space over twelve miles in length would become available for dockage, elevators, warehouses, lumber yards, coal yards, passenger steamers, and all other industries common to the meeting place of rail and water-borne commerce, together with ample territory for the expeditious handling of all the freight of all the trunk line. railways, for it would be on its commodious banks along its southern arm that railroads. would in all probability establish a "clearing" point to handle conveniently their immense traffic coming into the city, as well as that going out, both by sea and land, to the marts of all nations. Such a readjustment of the railway traffic of Chicago would, by disposing of the valuable ground property they now occupy in the heart of the city, bring many millions of dollars into the hands of the various companies over and above the cost of acquiring new territory and the construction of the most improved facilities incidental to the handling of traffic in new locations. But best of all-and this is what every citizen is hoping for—such a plan carried into execution would open a new business district west to Western avenue and south to Twenty-second street, an area over twelve times the size of our present one, and our nightmare of congestion would disappear as by magic, while real estate in the vacated districts would enhance a thousand per cent in value in a day. It is a plan of tremendous scope but easily possible of realization. A Triumph for Chicago. With the readjustment of the steam railway systems and the suburban traffic as herein outlined, and the new water-way built and in operation, serving in the triple capacity of a harbor, ship canal and drainage channel, the vast commerce natural to this port would be fully retained and capably handled. These things accomplished and the deep water-way to the Mississippi River completed, that stupendous creation-the great ship canal-will be rated very high among the great triumphs consummated in any period of the world's history, and will reflect fadeless glory upon this city and the men under whose inspiration and direction to a very large extent it will be achieved. Chicago's Greatness. Chicago stands at the very forefront in great ness. In population she has risen in about seventy years from a few tents, to second place among the cities of the Western Hemisphere, and will unquestionably rise to first place in another generation. In general railway traffic she leads the world; having now, centering within her limits and terminating here, over 130,000 miles of the leading roads of the country. In the lines of artificial waterways she has constructed one eclipsing most others in size and magnitude. In educational institutions her triumph is as lofty as her pride in them is pardonable. Modern, and at the forefront, are her universities, colleges and schools. Generously patronizing music and the fine arts, she is ever alert in securing the choicest works of art and the most finished artists to the end that her citizens may be advanced, elevated and ennobled. Many of her statesmen, professional men, ora tors, scholars and business men stand in the very foremost positions of thought and action. In philanthropists she is richly and divinely endowed. In every time of need they manifest a poise and bearing in generosity and nobility of soul that stamps on them the impress of having been formed in princely moulds. In territorial expanse our city stands among the very foremost in America. No city on the globe has more reason for rejoicing in its park system. Her boulevard system is grand and extensive, affording a driveway extending over a distance of forty miles, touching and thereby connecting the largest and finest of her parks. In the world of zoology she possesses the second largest and finest collection to be found in this country. Her public libraries, art palaces and museums contain many of the richest and rarest treasures obtainable. Fairest in situation, she reposes with queenly grace on the shores of our inland sea, Lake Michigan, from whence, well nigh each day and hour, are wafted gentle breezes on her sturdy sons and winsome daughters. In manufacturing no other city approaches her. Besides supplying our great republic annually with hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of goods manufactured in our mills, factories and shops, she also sends her wares to every other country of the globe. The Eastern Asiatic nations just across the Pacific Ocean, China, with her 400,000,000 population, and Siberia, with her territorial domain as large as the United States and one and onehalf times that of Europe, these people will, in the very nature of recent national and international events, look to this country in the future for the larger volume of manufactured articles required. In the supply of such a demand Chicago will enjoy larger opportunities than any other city on the Western Hemisphere. FOUNDER OF CHICAGO'S GREAT MAIL ORDER HOUSE ONCE A CLERK IN ST. JOSEPH, Mich. So often we hear the unsuccessful man say that he is too honest to get rich; and his statement implies the remainder of what he does not say. It is then we like to bring to the foreground such men as Montgomery Ward as evidence of the fact that successful men are honest and that it takes honest men to be successful. When we hear the name Montgomery Ward we are apt to have in our minds the picture of that great twelve-story building so stately erected on the corner of Michigan Avenue and Madison Street with its tower fully eight stories higher than the main building, rather than the man who really bears that name and whose splendid qualities alone are accountable for this elegant structure. System, a definite idea in mind, permanent methods, and straight business principles have been the foundation of all of Mr. Ward's successes. His one motto from the very beginning of his business career was: "Live up to every promise and make only those promises that can be lived up to." He always believed in representing goods exactly as they were and goods. that always proved worthy of their guarantee. When Mr. Ward was a young clerk in the back of a grocery store he learned that it did not take the people long to know when they were being honestly dealt with. His uprightness gained the confidence of his customers. They knew that if he said a thing was good it was good. In fact, they learned to rely upon him so much that when he took a position with another firm, the customers' trade went with him. Naturally, this was great encouragement for a young lad just making his way in the world and he resolved right then and there that honest business methods won the honest people and that was the kind of trade he sought. His services in this little general store at St. Joseph, Michigan brought him $6.00 a week and his board. He was very energetic and studied the people and tried his best to please them. In this he succeeded and his energies brought many customers to the deserted counters. The proprietor of the store being very lax, young Ward was urged many times to use his own good judgment and this wide reign in the management was a means whereby he gained much of his business experience. His prospect in Michigan to all eyes was exceedingly fine but to his keen far-sightedness, Chicago appeared to be a better business center for a rising youth of eighteen, and with much confidence in his own ability, he gave up a salary of $1,800 yearly to seek his fortune in the larger city. He found a position with the firm of Potter Palmer & Company, at a salary not exceeding $760 a year. He went at his work fearless for he was in to learn the business and he knew his future income would depend entirely upon what he made it for himself. Though his change in position landed him from salesman in Michigan to porter in Chicago running up and down flights of stairs with bolts of calico and boxes of merchandise, he made the most of every chance the sacrifice offered and studied this firm's methods and their business as closely as if he were head manager of one of the departments. His interest in the business and his knowledge of stock soon earned for him a salary of $1,200 and a position as salesman when the firm of Field, Palmer & Leiter succeeded Potter & Company in 1863. A little friction caused by one of the partners in the buying methods was the cause of his leaving, though Mr. Leiter intervened and offered him an increased salary to. remain. These changes quite suddenly awakened in Mr. Ward's mind what later proved a splendid success. In his striving to do the best good for the most people he conceived the idea of a mail order department in which the selling of goods direct to the consumer at jobbers' prices would cut out the jobber and give the consumer the benefit of the jobber's profits. He figured also that it would be much more convenient for the customer to send in an order by mail than to travel in to market. This idea also presented the vast area, such a firm could cover with a twocent stamp, for after the business was once started it would be as easy to fill orders in one section of the country as in the other. This mail order idea covered a broad field-a field entirely new and one that presented splendid opportunities if rightly conducted. It was a practical and trade-getting idea for it carried the inducements that always attract the buyerlow prices. Mr. Ward's mail order department was a side. issue, undertaken in the evening after his day's work was finished until he was able to get the department working on a profit-paying basis. It is needless to say that his great courage and wonderful self-reliance are responsible for the financial outcome. An outcome that could never have reached the success it did, had not all the principles of the business been based upon fair dealings with the people. Mr. Ward believed in perfect system from the outset. He once said: "You never can accomplish anything perma |