85. In 1809 it had risen to between 200 and 300; n 1819 20, it had increased to 400; and, by the last return, it appeared, that, in 1827, 661 persons had been committed for trial. He was in clined to think that the great increase of crime, particularly in the west of Scotland, was attributable, in no small degree, to the number of Irish who daily and weekly arrived there. He did not mean to say that the Irish themselves were in the habit of committing more crime than their neighbors; but he was of opinion, that their numbers tended to reduce the price of labor, and that an increase of crime was the consequence. Another cause was the great disregard manifested by parents for the moral education of their children. Formerly the people of Scotland were remarkable for the paternal care which they took of their offspring. That had ceased in many instances to be the case. Not only were parents found who did not pay attention to the welfare of their children, but who were actually parties to their criminal pursuits, and participated in the fruits of their unlawful proceedings. When crime was thus on the increase, it was necessary to take measures for its speedy punishment. The great city of Glasgow, which contained 150,000 inhabitants, and to which his proposed measure was meant chiefly to apply, stood greatly in need of some additional jurisdiction. This would appear evident, when it was considered that the court met there for the trial of capital offences, had also to act in the districts of Renfrew, Lanark, and Dumbarton. In 1812, the whole number of criminals tried in Glasgow was only 31; in 1820, it was 83; in 1823, it was 85; and in 1827, 211. The learned lord concluded by moving for leave to bring in a bill to authorize an additional circuit court of justiciary to be held at Glasgow, and to facilitate criminal trial in Scotland.'
ACQUISITIVENESS, 52, 62, 70, 78, 345. Adhesiveness, 52, 60, 74. Alis, Mr., on the easy childbirths among the lower orders, 371. Amativeness, 51, 6, 77, 115, 345. America, evils anticipated from slavery in the U. States of, 253. Cruelties of the Spaniards in, 256. Penitentia- ries in, 285. American Indians, character of the, 171. American war, 245. Animals, their constitution compared with that of man, 1, 3, 42, 110. He- reditary transmission of their quali- ties, 158, 423, 425. Punishment in- flicted by them on each other, 269, et seq.
Aristides's advice as to the burning of the Grecian ships, 246.
Aristocracy, source of the unhappiness of the, 239.
Barometer, its utility in foretelling storms, 301.
Barrow, Dr., his interpretation of Reve- lation in connection with Nature, 333. Benevolence, sentiment of, 52, 67, 79. Bible, divisions of, 344. Contains nu- merous descriptions of human charac- ter, ib. Teaches that different talents are given to different individuals, 349. Blackstone on the laws of nature, 368. Bonaparte's mother, a woman of supe- rior talent and courage, 163. Brahmins, their children naturally supe- rior to those of other Hindoo castes, 153. Brain the organ of the mind, 122. Ne- cessity of exercising it, 122, et seq. Its form and qualities transmissible from parents to children, 155, 269, 311, 421. By improving the brain we may im- prove human character, 334 Breeding of live stock, 377. Bridgewater bequest, 20. Britain too exclusively manufacturing and commercial, 231, 238. Corruption of her government arising indirectly from the slave trade, 242. Strictures on her conduct in entering on the American war, 245. Her national debt the punishment of foolish wars, 249. Brown, Dr. John, of Haddington, his complaint about the repeal of penal statutes against witches, 342. Butler, Bishop, on the government of God, 30. On the supremacy of con- science, 43. On the extent to which
suffering results from our own con duct, 288. His interpretation of Re- velation in connection with Nature, 332.
Caldwell, Dr. Charles, 285, 287 Cantiousness, 52, 66, 90. Chalmers, Dr., on the means of human improvement, 102.
Childbirth, pains of, 119, 371. Children, resemblance of, to their pa rents, 152, et seq., 373. See Heredi- tary transmission. Christianity has proved itself insuffi cient, while unaided by physical sci- ence,to produce moral conduct among men, 335. Practical Christianity, how to be realized, 234.
Christians, primitive, charged with atheism and impiety, 330. Circassian brain, 162.
Clergy, their zeal in persecuting and tormenting witches, 341. Ought they to teach the natural as well as reveal- ed laws of God? 364. See Religion. Clerks, evils arising from a bad choice of, 182.
Combination laws, 226. Combativeness, 51, 62. Commercial prosperity and distress,227, 311, 390.
Conscientiousness, 53, 68, 81. Constitution of man, general view of the, and its relations to external ob- jects, 1.
Constructiveness 52, 78. Cowper on the punishment of the Span- iards for their cruelties in America 257.
Crime, origin of, 276. How to be pre- vented, 277. Increase of, in Scotland,
Edinburgh, great fires in, 295. Edin- burgh Association for procuring Sci- entific Instruction, 388. Education, Dr. Chalmers on its power to improve the human race, 102. Utility of, 124. Classical and scientific com- pared, 214. Utility of phrenology in relation to, 353. What it ought to be, 362. State of, in Wurtemberg, 382. Eggs of hens, 376. Emancipation of the Negro slaves, 252,
Erskine on the laws of nature, 368.
Ebenezer, his account of the despondency of his wife, 142. Evil. See Misery.
Excise laws, their oppressive and unjust operation fifty years ago, 243. Exercise indispensable to happiness, 47, 84, et seq. 122, 2:32.
Expediency and justice always accord- ant, 232.
Faculties of man, summary of the, 51, 58, et seq. Compared with each other, 55. Compared with external objects, 77. Fall of man, 14, et seq. 188.
Fire, benefits accruing from its proper use, and evils from its misapplication,
Fires in Edinburgh in 1824, causes of, 295.
Firmness, one of the faculties, 53, 82. Flint's account of the American In- dians, 171.
Food, relation of, to climate, 48. French Revolution, 250. Philosophers of the, 369.
Friends, faithless, 61. Friendship, 60, 74. Future state, 24, 201, 208
Geology, truths revealed by, 4, 186. Scripture geology, 329.
Germany, burning of witches in, 338. State of the lower orders in, 381. Education in, 382.
Globe, progressively adapted for the re- ception of man, 4, 186. God, existence and attributes of, dis- coverable from his works, 1, 79. Pro- fessor Sedgwick and Bishop Butler on his government, xii. 30. Locke on his benevolence and justice, 109. Principles on which his laws seem to be instituted, 262.
Government, ought it to interfere with industry? 236.
Gravitation, law of, results of obedience to, and neglect of, 44, 110, 314. Gregory, Drs. James and John, on the hereditary transmission of mental qualities, 153.
Happiness, how attainable, 8, 9, 84, 206. Why so little advance has been made in the pursuit of, 101. Influence of the natural laws on that of individuals, 313.
Hare, murderer, engraving of his head 147. Harmonious gratification of the facul- ties necessary to happiness, 59, 71, 95 Head, different forms of, 145. See Brain Phrenology.
Health, prerequisites of, 46, 47, 117. Hens, their eggs how made to vary in size, 376.
Hereditary transmission of bodily and mental qualities, 119, 152, et seq. 275 311, 320, 372; and of acquired habits, 158, 375. Advantage of crossing the breed, 181.
History exhibits man progressively im- proving, 10, 222.
Honesty the best policy, 248. Hope, sentiment of, 53, 67, 80. Human nature. See Man. Constitu tion of Man.
James I. of England, his pusillanimity accounted for, 163.
Jesus Christ, offices of, 344. Johnson, Samuel, on the evils arising from hasty marriages, 151. Jury trial in Scotland, errors in the
mode of conducting it pointed out, 292. Justice always in accordance with ex- pediency, 246. Defective administra tion of, 288.
Knowledge, acquisition of, agreeable, 86. Happiness advances with, 104. Knowledge of science necessary for rightly interpreting Scripture, 325, et seq.
Labor, man intended for, 49, 232. Evils arising attending its excess, 224, 230 390.
Lawrence, Mr., on the easy child births of savages, 372.
Laws of nature, 29. Three great classes of, 21, 32. Their independence, 21, 34 Definition of the term. 2. Obedience to each rewarded, and neglect punish ed, 34. Universal, invariable, and un- bending, ib. In harmony with the whole constitution of man, 35. Ap- plication of, to the practical arrange. ments of life, 97. Punishment inflict- ed under the, 260. Instituted for the benefit of created beings, 362. Moral advantages of punishment under them, 287. Their combined opera tion, 292. Their influence on the hap piness of individuals, 313. Extracts from authors who have treated of, 367 Logislation, utility of Phrenology in re- !ation to 354.
Life love of, 51, 60, 198. Duration of, | Montesquieu on the laws of nature 367 Increasing, 202, 383. Plan of, 97. Locke on the objects of divine punish- ments, 109.
Love of Approbation, 52, 64, 78. Love thy neighbor as thyself,' 105. Lyon, Captain, unsuccessful result of his attempt to reach Repulse Bay traced to its causes, 302.
Machinery, anticipated moral effects from employment of, in manufac- tures, 232.
Maclaren, Charles, on the diminution of mortality in England, 383. Malthus's principle of population, 220. Man, doctrine of the fall of, 14, et seq. Man considered as a physical being, 43; as an organized being, 46; as an animal, moral, and intellectual being, 47. Intended for activity, 47, 84, 232. Summary of his mental faculties, 51, 58, et seq. These compared with each other, 55, and with external objects, 77. Á progressive being, 10, 103. Ap- parently but in the infancy of his ex- istence, 106. Slowness of his pro- gress, 236
Manufacturing population, source of miseries of the, 224, 390. Marriage, 59, 119, 232, et seq. Miseries arising from neglect of the organic laws in, 177. Prohibited before the age of twenty-five in Wurtemberg, 383. Melancthon, engraving of his head, 149. -'s opinion of the laws of God,
348. Mind, represented in Scripture as liable to commit every species of wicked- ness-and possessing moral qualities, 347.
Miseries of mankind, how far referrible to infringements of the laws of nature, 109.
Misery and evil, sources of, particular- ly mentioned in this work.-Ill sorted and too early marriages, 59, 119, 146, 150, 168, 177, 180, 374. Ignorance, 97, 130. Breach of the physical laws, *112, 303. Idleness, 126, 239. Filth, and impurity of air, 128. Ignorance of the organic laws, or physiology, 134, 139, 140, 215, 265. Bad choice of servants, clerks, partners, and agents, 182, 218. Rash mercantile speculation, 215. Mistaken choice of a profession, 215. Excess of popala- tion, 220. Too severe and long con- tinued labor, 231. Oscillations of trade and manufactures, 237. Na- tional selfishness and unjust wars, 240-259. The slave trade, 242, 253. Errors in the mode of conducting Jury trials, 293; and in the proceed- ings of Judges in the Circuit Courts, 294. Scotch and English hostility, 294. Selfishness in captains of ships,
Moral laws, 21, 33. Calamities arising from their infringement, 203. Moral sentiments and intellect, supre macy of the, 55.
Moral science outstripped by physical,
debt of Britain the result of her wars, 249. Natural Laws. See Laws of Nature. Navigation, dangers of, 218. Negro slavery, 242, 253. Nervous energy, 125.
New doctrines often charged with im piety, 330.
New Hollanders, 170. New Zealanders, their excellent health, 117. Prognosticate storms, 301.
Operatives, causes of their depressed condition, 224, 390.
Opium, benefits accruing from its pro- per, and evils from its improper, use, 265.
Optimism, 4, 37. Organic laws, 21, 32. Evils that befal. mankind from infringing them, 115, 214, 315.
Organized being, man considered as an, 46.
Owen, Mr., 101.
Pain, utility of, 267.
Paley on the contrivances in creation,
Parliamentary reform, 252. Partners, evils arising from a bad choice of, 192, 219.
Paul, St., his doctrines in harmony with Phrenology, 348. Penitentiaries, 285. Pestilence, 128.
Philoprogenitiveness, 51, 58, 70, 77 Phrenology, ix. 18, 105, 150, 183, et seg. 204-5, 275, 333. Human facultie according to, 51. Practical utility o 343.
Physical laws, 21, 32. How man may be placed in accordance with them 43. Calamities arising from their in fringement, 110.
Physiology ought to be generally studi ed, 120.
Piutarch, on the children of drunken parents, 373. Politics, utility of phrenology in relation to, 353,
Savages, easy child-births among, 372. Science, physical has far outstripped moral, 257. Relation between science and scripture, 325. Progress of scien- tific discovery, 107. Scotland, persecution of witches in, 339. Increase of crime in, 391. Scripture, interpretation of, 15, 24. Relation between, and phrenology, 344. Agreement between, 349. A knowledge of science necessary for correctly interpreting it, 325, et seq. Its meaning appears different to differ- ent minds, 325.
Seamen, Captain Murray's mode of pre- serving the health of, 136. Seceders, their solemn complaint as to the repeal of penal statutes against witches, 342.
Becretiveness, 50, 63, 78, 345. Sedgwick, Professor, on God's govern- ment of the world by general laws, ii. On scripture and science, 328. Self-esteem, 52, 63, 78, 345. Servants, choice of, 182, 219. Sheep, acquired habits hereditary in, 159
Sheridan, R. B., 61. Engraving of his head, 148.
Shipwreck from neglect of the natura laws, 298, 310.
Sickness, amount of, at different ages 196..
Slave-trade, corruption of the British government indirectly flowing from the, 242, 253.
Slavery in the United States, evils anti- cipated from, 253.
Social law, calamities from infringe ment of the, 217.
Society, anvantages resulting from, 217 Spaniards punished under the natural laws for their cruelties in America, 256.
Spurzheim on the natural laws, vii. St. Pierre on death, 191, 193. Stevenson, Mr. W. B. on the colors of mixed American breeds, 378. Stewart's classification of the active and moral powers, 345.
Storms at sea, often prognosticable, 300, et seq.
Stuarts, hereditary character of the, 153 Supremacy of the moral sentiments and intellect, 43, 55, 351. Happiness aris ing therefrom, 210.
Tell, William, 260. Truth, slow progress of, 285.
Vaccination, diminution of mortality by, 385. Vanity, 64.
Veneration, 53, 67, 79.
Ventilation and health, 46, 293. Virtue conducive to happiness, 16. Volney on the laws of nature, 369.
Wages, lowness of, 224, 234, 390. War, the American, 245. Wars absurd, 246. French revolutionary war, 250. National punishment for engaging in wars, ib.
Wealth, engrossing pursuit of, 215, 231, 237.
Whately, Archbishop, on scripture and science, 326.
Williams, murderer, engraving of his head, 147.
Witches, appalling atrocities perpetrat ed against them in Germany 3:38. England, ib. and Scotland, 339. Women, their pains in child-birth, 118,
Wonder, sentiment of, 53, 68, 80. Wurtemburg, law in, rendering educa tion indispensable, and prohibiting marriage before the age of twenty five, 382.
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