RAILROADS - continued corporations may take, 661. See EMINENT DOMAIN. appropriation of highways for, 672-684. must be by legislative perinission, 671, 672. whether adjoining owner entitled to compensation, 672, 689. requiring corporations to fence track and pay for beasts killed, 712. provisions regarding alarms, 714. regulation of charges, 736, 737, n. responsibility for persons injured or killed, 715. bridges for, over navigable waters, 730. READING OF BILLS, constitutional provisions for, 94, 167, n. in statutes, not binding upon third parties, 115. RECONSTRUCTION OF STATES, control over, 45, n. RECORDS, public, of the States, full faith and credit to be given to, 25-27. REDEMPTION, See JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS. right of, cannot be shortened or extended by legislature, 353. REFUSAL TO PLEAD, in criminal cases, consequence of, 377, n. REGISTRATION, of voters, may be required, 756. REGULATION, of commerce by Congress, 12, 594-596, 716-725, 737, n. of navigable waters by Congress, 729. police, by the States. See POLICE POWER. of the right of suffrage, 752. right of, does not imply a right to prohibit, 244, 245, 247. REHEARING. See NEW TRIALS. RELIGIOUS LIBERTY, care taken by State constitutions to protect, 571–577. distinguished from religious toleration, 572. does not preclude recognition of superintending Providence by public nor appointment of chaplains, thanksgiving and fast days, 578. nor recognition that the prevailing religion of the State is Christian, 579. the maxim that Christianity is part of the law of the land, 579–583. or of other forms of profanity, 584. Sunday laws, how justified, 584, 725, respect for religious scruples, 585. religious belief, as affecting the competency or credibility of witnesses, 586, n. REMEDIAL STATUTES, liberal construction of, 75, n. parties obtaining, are bound by, 115. REMEDY, power of legislature over, in criminal cases, 320-328. in civil cases, 113-115, 346-356, 442. legislature cannot take away all remedy, 350. a judgment for a tort is not a contract within this rule, 351. may limit resort to remedies, 447-450. for collection of taxes, 639. for compensation for property taken by public, 691-696. REMOVAL, of causes from State to national courts, 18-20. of officers, 134. REPEAL, of old English statutes, 37, n. all laws subject to, 146–148. of statutes at same session of passage, 183. by implication, not favored, 183. or corporate charters, 334-337. of a law, terminates right to give judgment under it, 469. REPORTS, of public meetings, 534. of legislative proceedings, publication of, 514-516, 562. See LIBERTY OF SPEECH AND OF THE PRESS. REPRESENTATION, constructive, 74, n. See LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT; LEGISLATOrs. REPRIEVE, power of, not included in power to pardon, 135, n. guarantee of, by United States to the States, 28, 44. maxims of, do not constitute limitations on legislative power, 202, 203. of amended statutes under certain State constitutions, 181-183. RES ADJUDICATA, parties and privies estopped by judgments, 62. force of judgment does not depend on reasons assigned, 62. strangers not bound by, 63. parties and privies not bound in new controversy, 63. RESERVED POWERS, under the United States Constitution in the States and people, 11, 21. gives jurisdiction in divorce suits, 494. but not unless bona fide, 494. as affecting right to impose personal taxes, 615. of voters, what constitutes, 754. RESTRICTIONS, on trade by municipal by-laws, 242–247. in United States Constitution on powers of the States, 23-28. on power of people to amend constitutions, 44. on powers of legislature. See LEGISLATURES OF THE STATES. by the States is forbidden, 329. RETROSPECTIVE LEGISLATION, when admissible generally, 110-115, 454–471. cannot revive demands which are barred, 454. nor create a demand where none ever equitably existed, 454. may take away defences based on informalities, 454. may cure irregularities in legal proceedings, 456. or in corporate action, &c., 457, 459, 460. what defects can and what cannot be covered by, 457, 465, 466, 467, 469. or other imperfect contracts, 460–464. or invalid deeds, 463. may take away defence of usury, 461, 462. bona fide purchasers not to be affected by, 465. legalizing municipal action, 278, 279, 467. pendency of suit does not affect power to pass, 468, 469. cannot make good what the legislature could not originally have permitted, 469. cannot cure defects of jurisdiction, 469-471. forbidden in some States, 455. statutes generally construed to operate prospectively, 77, 455. prospective construction of constitution, 77. REVENUE, in some States bills for, to originate with lower house, 156, 157. REVISION, of State constitutions, 44. See TAXATION. of statutes. See STATUTES. REVOLUTION, AMERICAN, powers of the Crown and Parliament over Colonies before, 7, 8. division of powers of government at time of, 8, n. REWARDS, by towns for apprehension of offenders, 261, n. RHODE ISLAND, ratification of Constitution by, 9. charter government of, 38. judges of, to give opinions to governor and legislature, 53, n. impeachment of judges, 193, n., 194, n. protection to person and property by law of the land, 430, n. privilege of legislators in debate, 547, n. religious tests for office forbidden in, 575, n. periodical valuations for taxation, 611. RIGHTS, distinguished from the remedy, 343-351. vested. See VESTED RIGHTS. in action. See ACTION. RIOTS, liability of municipality for property destroyed in, 253, n., 293, n. RULES OF LEGISLATIVE ORDER, are under the control of the legislature, 155–161. See LEGISLATURES OF THE STATES. SABBATH, S. laws for observance of, 584, 725. SALE OF LANDS, of incompetent persons, &c., special legislative authority for, 115. SCHOOL-HOUSES, exercise of right of eminent domain for sites for, 655. SCHOOLS, general power of States to provide, 223, n., 225, n. control of, 224, 225, n. impartial rights in, 225, n., 481, n., 482, n. SCOTLAND, servitude in, 362. SEAMEN, impressment of, 363. SEARCH-WARRANTS. See SEARCHES AND SEIZURES. the maxim that every man's house is his castle, 33, 364. history of general warrants in England, 364, n.-367, n. search-warrants, their arbitrary character, 367. only granted after a showing of cause on oath, 368. particularity of description required, 368. should be served in daytime, 369. must be directed to proper officer, 369. must command accused party and property, &c., to be brought before cannot give discretionary power to ministerial officer, 369. not allowed to obtain evidence of intended crime, 370. cases in which they are permissible, 370. not to seize correspondence, 371, n. for libels, illegal at common law, 372, n. and may break open doors, 372. SEAS. See HIGH SEAS. SECESSION, not admitted by the Constitution, 11. SECRECY, inviolability of, in correspondence, 370–372. elector's privilege of, 760. privilege of, as between counsel and client, 407. |