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Eskimo Poster

Johanna Holm

The center figure and background are drawn with black, white and gray chalk. Draw figure as shown, almost the height of the blackboard. In the rear and near top of blackboard, shade in the snow with gray and white. Make the part representing water and ice darker. Cut out icebergs, bear, seals, and Eskimo houses from white paper; the walrus and whale of dark-gray paper. Cut out the Eskimo on sled and his dogs from white paper, also. Mount these on background and shade with black chalk.

The poster shown below blackboard is a portion of the Mother Goose Poster which illustrates the most familiar. Mother Goose Rhymes, as "Little Bo-peep," "Jack and Jill," "This little Pig went to Market," "Jack be Nimble," and so forth. The figures are cut to line from black paper and mounted on gray background.

The children enjoyed these decorations very much. Some teachers have scrap-books or other picture books with which to entertain the children mornings before school calls, when weather does not permit them to be out-of-doors. The decorations as shown in picture proved of such interest to the children that no other entertainment was necessary.

Laugh-Don't-Cry

Have you ever seen Little Laugh-Don't Cry,
That gay little elf who lives in the sky?
The next time you stumble and bump your nose,
Or fall from a tree and tear your best clothes,
Just look up quickly, right into the sky,
And forget how badly you'd like to cry.
Just laugh, though softly, and don't even frown!
You'll see little Laugh-Don't-Cry sliding down
A yellow sunbeam! He'll make you a bow,
And say: "Now I see that you do know how
To call me quickly! Cries drive me away!
But laugh and I'll come! I listen all day."

Anne Blair

Mark C. Mills

Although children like to hear the same stories over and over again it adds much to their pleasure and certainly to that of the story-teller to be able to vary the details from time to time. This may be done by changing the plot of the story, but an altogether easier and more satisfactory way is to change the setting. Changing the location of the story from one country to another, or from tropical Africa to Arctic Alaska, or from country to city will do this. For example, in telling the familiar story of "Goldilocks and the Three Bears," it may be told one time with a description of the bears' home in the country and another time with a description of their home in the city.

An even more simple alteration is to change the climate and then to tell the story with all the variations this will bring about. The children themselves like to be called upon to help make the necessary changes in familiar stories. It is really surprising how well imaginative children enjoy making up their own stories and fables if they are given a little encouragement at the start.

If it is desired to give the story a distinctly educational bent this may be done by laying the setting of the story in some foreign country and supplying accurate descriptions of the country and the customs of the people. Children who are old enough to read can help in this by supplying facts from their own reading. It should also encourage them to read more about the countries of which they have heard in stories.

Another source of story material may be found by learning something of the stories that the mothers of different nations tell their children. These may be obtained from miscellaneous sources and adapted to particular needs if necessary.

The average teacher or other amateur story teller will find that a story that she herself has invented or adapted can be told much more effectively than one that has been read and memorized. The children, too, will like it better, and if allowed to help invent a new story or a new setting for an old story, will get valuable exercise for the imagination.

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In studying this story nothing makes it as real to the children as to have the miniature figures that can be moved around and enact the events as they read or tell of them. This story can be very successfully worked out in a sand-table, or if that is not attainable, a table top will do. Small sticks can be gathered to make the fence, ladder and house, and the arrangement can be studied from the text.

Directions for Making

The figures for this Story Stand-up are made from colored paper or from white paper and colored as suggested below. The figures are made double so as to be reversible and that they may stand on two legs. So fold the paper in the middle and put the pattern on with dotted line on the fold and cut on outside line, thus making the two sides, except in the case of Robinson Crusoe, where a single paper is used. In some cases where the legs are slender it is best

to strengthen them with a double thickness of paper of cardboard. The bodies are pasted together about halfway down, the laps on the feet are bent inward, lapped on top of each other and pasted on the bottom to a small square or cardboard so that they easily stand upright.

Robinson Crusoe is tan, his goat-skin suit white, his umbrella and shoes light brown, basket and hatchet brown, gun dark brown and saw gray. Put on his suit and shoes first, then his basket on his back, his saw on one side of his belt and hatchet on the other, his gun in one hand and umbrella in the other.

Friday is dark brown and goat-skin suit white. He can carry a gun or a hatchet in his hand. The visiting cannibals may be made by using the same pattern but leaving off the goat-skin suit.

The cat is gray, the dog brown, the parrot green and the goats white.

These patterns can be used very successfully in making wooden figures.

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Supplementary Reading and Language Lessons

The Sentence and Its Ending

A

Iva M. Miller

CCORDING to the ruling of the Joint Committee on Grammatical Nomenclature, appointed by the National Education Association, the name declarative applies to all sentences which tell something without expressing feeling; the name interrogative applies to all sentences which ask something without expressing a feeling; the name exclamatory applies to any sentence which expresses a feeling whether it asks or tells; thus there are two things which a child must know about every sentence before he is able to place the proper mark at its end. Does the sentence ask or tell? Does it express feeling or not? If it expresses feeling it must be followed by the exclamation point. If it tells without showing feeling, it is followed by the period. If it asks without expressing feeling it is followed by the question mark.

The following form a series of lessons to present the sentence and its endings to children. It aims to be simple enough to introduce the kinds of sentences to children learning to use the period, question mark, and exclamation point. It also aims to be comprehensive enough to be used as review for older children.

In the exercises the technical names are omitted. Unless the course of study demands, it would seem advisable to omit these for the younger children. For the older children, the explanations given above of these names, may be added to the lessons by the teacher. As the teacher will readily see, our old friend, the imperative sentence, is now but a part of the declarative, because it too, tells. The present division of sentences makes punctuation of sentences quite simple for the child.

Bob and Mary

Bob Father gave me ten cents for mowing the lawn. Come with me to buy some oranges. Mary I must ask mother first.

Bob Do you know where she is?

Mary I think she is in the front yard.
Bob Do you think she will let you go?

Mary Why not, if I ask her? Mother is good to let me do things because I always ask her first. Bob Shall I wait for you here?

Mary No, go around to the front gate. I am sure mother will let me go.

All the sentences in this dialogue either tell something or ask something. How many sentences are in Bob's first speech? Do they ask or tell something? Notice the mark at the end of each. That dot at the end of a sentence is called a period. It is placed at the end of sentences that tell something.

In Mary's first speech does the sentence ask something or tell something? What mark is after it?

In Bob's second speech does the sentence ask something or tell something? What mark is after it? It is a question mark because it only comes after sentences which ask something. Make a question mark. It looks something like a button hook, does it not?

Does Mary's second speech ask or tell something? What is the mark at the end? Does Bob's third speech ask or tell something? What is the mark at the end?

How many sentences are there in Mary's third speech? Does the first sentence ask or tell something? What mark is after it? What mark is after the next sentence? Why? Tell what mark is after each of the other sentences in the dialogue? Why?

Now copy the sentences that tell something.

Be care

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In this dialogue Ethel and May are very much excited over their first written invitation to a party. We show how excited they are by this mark, !, called an exclamation mark, at the end of the sentences. The exclamation point is placed at the end of any sentence where a great deal of feeling is shown.

Find and read all the sentences which show how excited May and Ethel are. How does each one read? Can you show the feeling in your voice as you read? The exclamation point shows the same thing when the sentence is written.

Ethel has not seen the invitation when she first speaks, and is not yet excited. How does her first sentence end? Why? How does the second one end? Why?

Copy all the sentences which show the feelings of the girls.

Here follows a dialogue between Jack and Billy on Christmas morning. They are very much excited because they have just waked up and do not know what is in the stockings they have hung at the fireplace. Copy the dialogue. As you write each sentence think whether it shows feeling. If it does, place an exclamation point after it. If it does not show feeling, but tells something, put a period after it. If it asks a questions close it with a question mark.

Billy and Jack

Jack Wake up, Billy It is daylight
Billy Shall we go downstairs without dressing
Jack Of course we shall hurry, let's go
Bally I can hardly wait to see my stockings
Jack You go first down the stairs
Bally My how dark it is

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