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Hunting Poster Made by English Children

Cut the animals from black paper and mount on white. Folding the paper and using the creases as a guide is a great help to the children when cutting out difficult animals. M. W., Liverpool

as form; he must see the emotions displayed, the pictures presented, the truths which are told, and the point that is made, and he must realize the fable as a short story, as setting, as plot, and as characters.

The custom of using the fable for a particular motive is illustrated by the earliest fable attributed to Esop by Aristotle. Esop, again at Samos, as counsel for a demagogue, being tried for capital offence, said the following fable:

Th Fox, Hedgehog and Dog-Ticks

"A Fox, in crossing a river, was swept down into á cleft of rock, and being unable to get out, was for a long time in a sorry plight, and a number of Dog-Ticks fastened on

her body. A Hedgehog strolling by, happened to catch sight of her, and was moved by compassionate feeling to inquire if he should remove the Dog-Ticks from her. The Fox, however, would not allow him to do so, and being

Cut-outs for Poster

asked the reason, replied, 'Because these have already taken their fill of me, and do not now suck much blood, but if you take these away, others will come, and in their hunger will drain up all the blood that is left.' 'Yes, and in your case, men of Samos,' said Æsop, 'my client will not do much further mischief, he has already made his fortune; but, if you put him to death, then will come others who are poor, and who will consume all the revenues of the State by their embezzlements.""

The variety of reaction which may be secured from the child is well illustrated by "Esop's Fables" because so many minds have reacted famously to the classic and the possibilities of almost any reaction may be illustrated from

genuine literature.

If the child wishes to illustrate a fable in drawing or wonderful illustrations of "Æsop's Fables," from the rude painting, he may receive a suggestion from the many wood-cuts of the original Caxton, or the old chap-books, or the engravings of the famous Bewick, or the drawings of Kate Greenaway, Tenniel, Randolph Caldecott, Walter Crane, and Boutet de Monvel, or in your own day the more recent illustrations of Boyd Smith, Arthur Rackham, the two Detmolds, Milo Winter, and Richard Heighway.

As the proverb is the moral point to be extracted from the fable, it would be interesting for children to make a collection of proverbs, to keep a class-book of proverbs to be read at the close of the year, having been compiled from the classics used during the year. The study of the fables naturally would stimulate to such a collection which, having been begun, could be extended to include proverbs from fairy tales of the Japanese, Chinese, English, North American, European, and Hindoo nations, "Asop's Fables" and "The Fables of Bidpai," "The Arabian Nights," the Bible, "Mavor's Spelling-book," "Franklin's Almanac," Shakespeare, "Reynard the Fox," the poets, Thomas a Kempis, Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius, the Greek Philosophers, Emerson, William Hazlitt, and many other writers. (Continued on page 575)

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(From "Songs for Little Children," by T. W. Stephenson, B.A. Published by Henry Frowde, Hodder & Stoughton, London, England.)

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Arithmetic in Grade II

Helen F. Driscoll

IN teaching the number combinations in this grad, basometimes there isn't time to the same day. So they

it the drill work that is the most important. "Drilling" is monotonous unless it is varied.

The following devices are simple but effective, and children enjoy the "make believe" element in them. When I have not been able to draw what I wanted, such as an automobile, I took advantage of pictures found in advertisements.

These devices conserve time and energy and materials. Perhaps they may suggest others.

ARITHMETIC GAMES

Board devices for combination drills:

for children back own "country on the same

stop over and see the "sights" by looking at post cards or scenes of the "country' in which they are stopping. The next day they "fly" back. try again.

Those failing to give right answers mus

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Children are divided into two sections. Draw a line on floor as a dividing line for the two countries.

Cut airplanes from magazines. Write a list of combinations on board. When the contestants have recited the list of combinations correctly, they step over the line, thus making believe they are in another country. Two children can say combinations at the same time, only beginning from different starting points in lists. When the contestants "fly" back to their own starting place again, they recited different quotations, or the same reversed.

Over the Top

Draw a picture of a trench, as shown. Divide the class into two patrols. Those failing to climb up ladder by giving concrete answers to combinations, are sent to the hospital as slightly wounded, wounded, or severely wounded. The degree of wounds is shown by different colored chalk when writing initials of those failing. Those that go "over the top" have their initials written on "side' f the trench or given some other honor.

Hobby Horse Race

The cut-outs are found in the advertisements for this plaything. I use the advertisement that illustrates a boy and girl racing. Draw the race course and paste cut-outs in the position desired.

Playing Teacher

Write a list of combinations on the board. The teacher points to numbers in order and then "skipping" about. If the child, being tested, does not fail, then he becomes the teacher and chooses his pupil and so on.

We try to teach the children to be kind to animals. If children must be given shot guns, let us show them that shooting at a target is better fun because no one is killed. Draw a picture of a target.

cut around it. When the child says the combinations, hə shoots (in make believe). If he fails to give the correct answer, then we say his shot went astray. The boys like this game. The girls like to use a ball or bean bag, and try to hit the right circle when they give the answers.

See How Strong You Are!

If the child can say all the numbers, he hits the bell. Every time the child says an equation, he hits the cross with the pointer which he has in his hand. Of course every time he strikes the spot where the cross is, the black block in the center "rises higher and higher."

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3+7

6+5

4+4

S+2

3+2

9+3

4+5

7+2

8+9

For the weapon, find a picture of a shot un among the advertisements. Paste cut-out on a piece of cardboard and

Playing Poison

Children try to cross the brook by stepping on "stones" and giving the correct answer of combination on each stone. Those failing are "poisoned."

Reading the Message

Cut a pattern of a carrier pigeon in motion of flying. Then trace around pattern on the board. Trace several birds. On each attach a message in form of a combination. The children read the messages by giving correct answer to each combination.

Seasonal Problems for Grade Four III

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H, Alice! I have just received a letter from Grandma, saying that she will spend Thanksgiving Day with us."

"Well, Mother, isn't that just lovely? Let's give her a little Thanksgiving party while she is here. I will help you prepare the dinner and decorate the dining-room. Harry and Dick can gather some autumn leaves, and we will make them into garlands and hang them across the room. Our lovely chrysanthemums will be in bloom by that time, and we can use them for a center-piece. At the base of the vase we can bank plenty of fruit."

"To-morrow is market day and I think we had better decide what we are going to have for the dinner. First and most important is the turkey. We need not worry about the turkey, as Father has bought a live one, weighing 15 pounds, for $7.50. In market they are selling for $53 a pound. How much money did we save? Dressed turkeys sell for $.64 a pound. If our turkey loses 3 lbs. in dressing, what would it cost dressed? We will stuff our turkey with oyster dressing, so we shall need 14 pints of oysters. If they cost $1.50 a gallon, what must we pay

for them?

"Sugar is so scarce this year that I think we had better do without cranberries."

"Oh, no, Mother! A turkey dinner would not be complete without cranberries. If we buy a quart of them at $.10 a pint, and a pound of sugar at $.25 a pound, what would the cranberry sauce cost?"

"We shall need + peck of white potatoes at $2.50 a bushel, and the same amount of sweet potatoes at $3.00 a bushel. What shall we have to spend for potatoes?"

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'Alice, which would you rather have, canned corn or peas?"

"Well, Mother, you remember we have a case of corn, which Father bought at the Army Food sales. There were 24 cans in it, and it cost $2.75. What did 2 cans of corn cost? If we bought it at the store, we would have to pay $.24 a can. At that rate, what would we have to pay for a case of corn at the grocer's?"

"As long as we did not have to buy the corn, I think we can have another vegetable in addition. Let us have some creamed asparagus, as that is delicious. It costs only $.40

a can."

"Don't forget we shall need a relish, so we had better buy some celeryand olives. Celery is $.15 a bunch and olives are $.40 a quart. What will 2 bunches of celery and a pint of olives cost?"

What shall we have for dessert? A Thanksgiving dinner seems incomplete without pumpkin and mince pie. Let us estimate how much a pumpkin pie would cost. A small pumpkin will cost $.25; a pint of milk, at $.18 a quart; 4 eggs, at $.66 a dozen; lb. of sugar, at $.24 a lb. How much would we save, if we bought a pie for $.40, instead of making one?"

"For the mince pie we shall need a pound of mince-meat at $.40 a pound. How much more would the home-made pumpkin pie cost than the mince pie?"

"We must not forget to buy some fruit for our centrepiece. We can use 1 dozen oranges at $.60 a dozen, 1 dozen apples, at $.60 a dozen; 1 dozen bananas, at $.45 will our fruit cost?" a dozen; 2 lbs. of malaga grapes, at $.30 a lb. How much

(Continued on page 601)

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