letters connected with his apprehen- sion, trial, conviction, and execution
a spy, 205, 212, 214 - 221, 235, 241, 256, 257, 521. Comparison of his case with Nathan Hale's, 549. ANDRIANI, Count, X. 138.
ANGELL, ISRAEL, Colonel, ordered to Red Bank, V. 86. Makes a brave opposition at Springfield bridge, VII. 87,507.
Animal Magnetism, IX. 72.
Annals of Agriculture, XII. 286, 292. Annapolis, convention of States at, IX. 162, 223, 226, 513. Address to the citizens of, upon neutrality, XII. 208. Anne, Fort, enemy repulsed at, evacua- tion of, IV. 492. Surrender of, VII. 269, 270.
ANSLEY, an agent to ascertain the claims of the Refugees, IX. 177. ANTASITY, a Cherokee Indian warrior, arrives at Fort Loudoun, with follow- ers, II. 244.
ANTILL, EDWARD, Lieutenant-Colonel in the regiment called "Congress's Own," engages in recruiting, IV. 267. ARBUTHNOT, M., Admiral, VI. 307, 313. Number and condition of the rein- forcements under, 340, 345, 350. Pro- poses to visit Rhode Island, 358. Goes to the South, 486. Joined by Admiral Graves, VII. 113, 127. Differs from Clinton; blockades the French fleet at Newport, 131, 137, 290. His reply to a complaint of ill treatment of naval prisoners, 384. Cited, about sailing to the Chesapeake, 457. His action with Destouches; enters Chesapeake Bay, 464, 465, 468.
ARCHER, HENRY W., a volunteer aid
to Wayne; his bravery at the storm- ing of Stony Point, VI. 303, 539. Ardent Spirits, VI. 181. Condemned, IX. 454, 455. Duty imposed on home-made, X. 171, 259. Measures for checking opposition to the collec- tion of the duties thereon, 259, 426. See Excise Law. ARENDT, Baron d', appointed to the command of Fort Island, V. 69, 100, 107, 108; of the German battalion, 101. Retires for his health, 131. ARMAND, Marquis de la Rouerie, Colo- nel, commissioned to raise a corps of Frenchmen, IV. 422; V. 171; 298. His recruits to be credited to the quo- tas of the respective States, VI. 172; 236. In Sullivan's expedition, 276. At Ridgefield, 305. Commended, but discouraged as to promotion, 429. The incorporation of his corps with Pulaski's, 462. A certificate recom- mendatory of, 463. A continuance
of a partisan corps under, recommend- ed, VII. 252. Commendation of, 252, 309. Dissatisfied with the pro- motions of officers, 309, 310; 399. Goes to France, 394, 422. His return from France; ordered to join General Greene, VIII. 238, 242. Appointed brigadier-general, 391. Recommended for promotion in France, IX. 44; 138. Congratulated on his marriage, 190. Armed Vessels. See Navy. Armies should be brought to a central point at the commencement of a cam- paign; fall a sacrifice by injudicious division, IV. 358.
Arms, manufacture of, III. 127. Ex- ceedingly bad in the army, 156. Great want of, 239, 283, 365. Expedients for obtaining, 259, 283, 381. Taken in Scotch transports, ordered to New York, 455. Diminution of, by the troops, IV. 332, 477. Letter respect- ing, 337. Important supply of, 338, 375. Measures to prevent the soldiers from carrying off, VII. 26. Wanted in the army, and solicited of the French, 118, 125, 407. Arrive from France, 176. Manufactories of, should be encouraged, XII. 8.
Arms of the Washington Family, I. ARMSTRONG, JOHN, a colonel in Forbes's expedition, II. 317 - 319. Facts respecting; is recommended, and ap- pointed brigadier-general, III. 72, 73, 294, 319. Ordered to the southern department, 294, 309, 310. Resigna- tion of, IV. 373. Major-general of the Pennsylvania troops, 483, V. 45. His position at the battle of the Bran- dywine, 58. At Germantown, 78, 464. Stationed along the Schuylkill, 59. Opposes attacking Philadelphia, 168. Solicited to return to the army, 301. In the council of war at Valley Forge, 360. Cited on the adoption of the Constitution, and the first President, IX. 350; X. 136; on St. Clair's de- feat, 223.
ARMSTRONG, JOHN, aid to General Gates, author of the "Newburg Addresses,' VIII. 555, 566. ARMSTRONG, Captain, taken at Ver- planck's Point, VI. 269. Army, the American, circumstances connected with the appointment of its commander-in-chief and with its ori- gin, III. 1, 479, 486. See Boston and Cambridge. Washington arrives at Cambridge and takes the command of; its state at that time; army returns during the years 1775 and 1776, 14, 484,486, 493. In a dangerous situation, 27. Reinforcements to, voted, 33.
Formed into three divisions, 33, 54. No detachments to be made from, for any particular provincial service, 45, 75, 83, 97. Reduction of the regi- ments of, recommended, 51; 55. Vis- ited by delegates of Congress, 62, 137. Approbation of the discipline of, 70. Its security and inactivity, 84. See War, Continental Articles of. Diffi- culties in; in danger of dissolution, 98. See Rifle Companies. Prepares for winter, 113, 115; 137. Troubles in arranging, 150, 156, 178. See Enlistments and Marines. Monthly expense of, 179, 218. Militia call- ed in, to supply the deficiency; and furloughs, 189, 195, 256. Distress- ed for fuel and hay; how supplied, 190. Entire disbanding and recruit- ing of, at Cambridge, 222, 225, 340. Pressing evils and wants of, 238. Must be taught to fight without breast-works, 277. Its condition con- cealed by the Commander-in-chief, 284, 344. Proceeds to New York, 312, 330, 354. Receives the thanks of Congress, 360, 533. See New York. Murmurs at the distinction made in the pay, 370. Orders for reinforcing, by 13,800 militia, 416. See Ordnance and War. State of, at New York, in August, 1776, IV. 34. Sickness in, 93. On the eve of dissolution, 110. Condition, wants, and difficul- ties of, 110, 122, 130. Plan adopted for re-organizing and recruiting, 116, 134. Lee's laconic remark respecting it, 132. Eastern militia ordered to join it, 159. Crosses into New Jersey, 172, 174. Escapes across the Hackin- sac and Passaic Rivers, 189. Rein- forced, 192. Retires to Brunswic, Princeton, and Trenton, and crosses the Delaware, 194, 200, 206. See Del-
An increase of, strongly urg- ed, 225, 234. The situation, wants, local prejudices, promotions, and sup- plies of, 232. Numbers and con- dition of, at the battle of Trenton, 243, 244. Crosses the Delaware into New Jersey, before the battle of Princeton, 254. Its movements after the battle of Princeton, 263. Sixteen additional regiments voted, 271. Diminution of numbers; necessities of, Janua- ry 19th, 1777, 282, 283. See Small Pox. Warm debate in Congress, and resolutions respecting, 326. Numbers and character of, March, 1777, 352. Cannot be detached, 413. See Disci- pline. Disposition of, when they move from their winter encampment at Morristown, 432. Spies reported
to be in it, 437. Situation, condi- tion, and purposes of, 463. Rein- forcements ordered to, from Peekskill, 464. Visited by a committee of Con- gress, 503. Proposition to have one east, and one south of the Hudson, 525. Halts at the Delaware, V. 7, 21. Harassed by marching and coun- termarching, 20. Decisions of a coun- cil of war, in regard to its future movements, 40. Marches through Philadelphia towards the Head of Elk, 43, 46. Its skirmishes with the ene- my, and loss, 52, 53, 56. See Brandy- wine. Its distresses, 67, 71, 77, 110. Advances to the Warren Tavern, 70. See Germantown. In want of general officers, 85. Officers tender their commissions, 99, 312. Its numbers; council of war called respecting, 121, 122, 145. Its state and numbers, No- vember, 1777, 128, 155, 173. Diffi- culty about disposing of, for the win- ter of 1777-8, 128, 180, 195, 522. Unreasonable charges against it, 155. Provisions not supplied for it, 159, 188. Movement against it, 174, 180. Destitute of provisions, 193, 197, 239 to 242. Placed in winter- quarters at Valley Forge, 195. Sec Valley Forge. Condition of, 197, 212, 238. Preparations in, for the campaign of 1778, 201, 241, 251, 294, 297, 312, 319, 337. One month's ex- traordinary pay voted to, by Congress, 209. Numerous resignations in, 295, 312, 321, 334, 340, 351, 373. Its slow augmentation, 300. The new organization and establishment of, 312, 351, 404, 525. Unreasonable jealousy of, in Congress, 328. Spu- rious resolves respecting it, 333, 336. Its irksome and dangerous situa- tion, 352. Total force, May 8th, 1778, 380. Must act on the defen- sive, 361. Preparations for marching, 374, 380, 386, 387. Sickness in, 380, 386, 399. Pursues the British army from Philadelphia, 409, 414, 415, 416, 418, 422 to 429, 431, 552. Dispo- sition of the detachments, for harass- ing the enemy, 417. Sufferings from the weather, 420, 423, 427, 430, 432. See Monmouth. Discontents about rank, 435. Marches towards New York city, upon the arrival of the French fleet, VI. 2. Encamps at White Plains, 10. Disposition of, for operations, 61, 62, 87. Expenses of, 80, 81. Temper of, 81. Disposition of, for winter-quarters in 1778 -9, 24, 129. Preparations for the cam- paign of 1779, 159, 200, 238. Diffi-
culty of filling it; arrangement and apportionment of the infantry for the next campaign, 196, 197. Gratui- ty of one hundred dollars voted to certain soldiers of it, 199, 471. Fee- ble and reduced, 251, 312, 315. Its movements, 268, 276. Preparations as to winter-quarters for it, in 1779 - 80, 400, 408, 414, 419, 428. State of, in detail, 401, 455. Measures re- commended for keeping it up, 403, 455. A year's engagement in it, recommended, 404. Distressed for provisions, 427, 432, 439, 441, 448, 456. Preparations for the campaign of 1780, 464. Returns ordered, with a view to supply the quotas, 468. Dif- ficulty in relation to the length of service, 469. New plan of procuring supplies for it, 482, 489, 492. numbers, VII. 6. Dissatisfactions, 19. Committee chosen to effect reforms and changes in, 14 - 16, 23. Suffers from want of provisions and forage, 25, 54. Measures for filling it up, 51. Mutinies and distresses, 55 - 58. Ad- dresses to, from the enemy, with a view to promote desertions, 57. Cir- culars respecting the quotas of men; the numbers required of Eastern and Middle States, 70. Exertions of ladies in behalf of it, and correspondence connected there with, 89, 90, 243, 376, 408. Moves towards New York, 127, 129 134, 137. Proceeds to Dobbs's Ferry, 136, 143. Plan of a new ar- rangement for it, 245 256, 297. Goes into winter-quarters; disposi tion of it, 310-313, 318, 321. Levies necessarily discharged from it, 321. Four general principles for the dis- position of it, 331. Distresses and consequent mutinies in it, 348 - 360, 380 - 383. Suffers from want of pay, clothing, and provisions; meas- ures for relieving, 351 358, 370, 381-383, 560. Gratuities to, 356. Measures for the security of, 426. Its condition and wants, VIII. 7. Circulars to the Eastern States re- specting the distresses of it, 36. Moves to Valentine's Hill, 86, 97, 99. Marches to White Plains, 95. junction with the French army, 99, 100, 124, 519. Its preparations and movements towards Virginia, 122, 130, 134, 139, 140, 148, 150, 155, 157. Arrives before Yorktown, 168. Disposition of, after the capitulation of Lord Cornwallis, 189. Its march to the northward, and disposition for the winter, 200. Measures for filling it up, 255. Force and prospects, 273.
On the reduction of it, 308. Moves to Verplanck's Point, 340. Joined by the French army, 345. Discontented from the total want of money and from hardships, 353. Cantoned at New Windsor, 364. Alarming dis- contents in, and address to Con- gress, December, 1782, 369, 393. Dif- ficulties connected with the Newburg Addresses, 392, 393, 551. Cessation of hostilities ordered, and proclaimed to it, 416, 421, 425, 542, 567. Gra- tuity of arms and accoutrements voted to the men for the war, 423, 424. Correspondence originating in the ad- dress of the officers of it, respecting the three months' payment, and the non-settlement of accounts, 435 439, 456. Circular letter addressed to the governors of all the States on dis- banding it, 439. See Pennsylvania Line. Reduction of it, 456, 502. The commander-in-chief's farewell address to it, 491. See Provisional Army and Standing Army. Army accounts, importance of an office for auditing, III. 258, 466. Commis- sioners appointed to audit, 467. ARNOLD, BENEDICT, Colonel, prepa- rations for his expedition against Quebec, III. 63, 82, 85, 102. Instruc- tions to, 86, 90. Assisted by Good- win's plans and journal, 90. Leaves Cambridge, 102. Assisted by Get- chell and Berry, 112. His progress, and his arrival near Quebec, 120, 125, 168, 177, 190. See Quebec. Colo- nel Enos with the rear division re-
turns, 164. Commended, 190, 192, 276. Joined by Montgomery, 219. Wounded; appointed brigadier-gen- eral, 266, 319. Continues the block- ade of Quebec, 276. Fitting out a fleet on the lake, IV. 12. See Champlain. Ordered to New Lon- don, 219, 220. Cited, requesting a resignation and an inquiry into his conduct, 345. Commended, 351, 410. By request declines a court of inquiry; why not promoted, 378. Fights the British on their return from Danbu- ry, 405. Appointed major-general; horse presented to, by Congress, 408. Ordered to Peekskill, 410. Visits Congress about his public accounts; is dissatisfied with his promotion, 416. His unsuccessful application for the restoration of his rank. Lee cited
respecting, 417. Succeeds Schuyler in the command at Philadelphia, 453. Ordered to Trenton to oppose Howe; is ignorant of Washington's situation, 463. Recommended as a suitable
person to call out and lead on militia against Burgoyne, 487, 489. Goes to the northern army; yields in com- mand to St. Clair, 498, 500, V. 3, 10. Rank of, considered in Congress, and restored, 24, 215, 217. Wounded at Saratoga, 217, 361. Epaulettes and sword-knots presented to, 361. Appointed to command in Philadel phia; instructions to, 412, 413. Re- quested to aid Duportail in planning the security of Philadelphia, 421. Purposes to enter the navy; his lame- ness; his love of money, VI. 25. His conduct at Philadelphia reported to Congress, 138, 514. His trial, 231, 247, 261, 514. His proposition to command a naval expedition or re- ceive a furlough, 484, 493. His peti- tion to Congress respecting specie and accounts, 529. In secret corre- spondence with the enemy under the name of Gustavus, VII. 72, 520. In- trusted with the printing of Lafay- ette's proclamation, 72. His solicita- tion of the command at West Point, 95, 140, 265, 266, 521. Directions to, upon his taking the command there, 139, 144. Directed to guard against an attack, 147, 181, 189. To furnish a guard for the commander-in-chief, 205. Meets Washington at King's Ferry, 205, 525. His treason and André's fate; his appointment as colonel in the British army; great exertions made to seize him, 205, 212, 520. His address to the inhabitants of America, 260. Effects of his trea- son upon the spies in New York, 260, 281. His intention as to the life of the commander-in-chief, 264, 265. An opinion respecting, said to have been expressed by Washington to Schuy- ler, 265. Letter to Reed respecting, 296. Commands a British expedi- tion from New York to Virginia, 347, 348, 403, 411, 465. Distrusted by the British, 348. Measures and instruc- tions for opposing his expedition, 403, 404, 411, 417-426, 445, 448, 452. See LAFAYETTE. To be executed if taken, 419, 547. Reinforced by Phil- lips, 457, 465. Further particulars about his enterprise, and Lafayette's expedition against, VIII. 6, 521. La- fayette's refusal to hold correspond- ence with, 61.
Arsenal at Harper's Ferry recommend- ed and established, XI. 69, 231, 255, 457; XII. 63. Artichoke, for the benefit of stock, XII. 290.
Articles of War. See War, Continental, Articles of
Artificers, regiment of, IV. 22. Artillery, Knox supersedes Gridley in the command of; plan for its organi- zation, III. 148. To be increased in number, IV. 175. The field-pieces to be of brass, 176. A regiment of, to be raised in Virginia, 191. Three battalions ordered to be recruited; in- adequacy of the pay for the, 232. The command of, should not be given to a foreigner, 445. To be credited to the quotas of States; return of, in April, 1779, VI. 197. See KNOX. ASGILL, CHARLES, Captain, VIII. 265. Is selected as a subject for retaliation in the case of Huddy; his charac- ter and family connexions, 301, 352. His application to Sir Guy Carleton, 302, 311. Allowed to be on parole, 350. Intercessions for, referred to Congress, 361, 549. Is set at liberty, 362-364. His treatment, IX. 169, 196, 221.
ASHBY, JOHN, Captain, II. 107. Or- ders to, in case of an attack, 145. Ashby's Fort, II. 163, 167. ASHE, SAMUEL, governor of North Car- olina, XII. 238.
Asia, a British armed ship, in New York harbour, III. 13. Assessment Bill, respecting a provision for religious teachers in Virginia, IX.
Association, a non-importation agree- ment by the members of the Virginia Assembly, II. 356. Drawn up by the members of the House of Burgesses, on the passing of the Boston Port Bill, 486. For embodying the citizens of Boston to defend the town, III. 140. Associators, a company of mounted volunteers in Virginia, II. 161. See RUGGLES.
ATKIN, EDMUND, an Indian agent, II. 236, 237. Hastily imprisons ten In- dians, 245. Has the management of Indian affairs, 284. ATTAKULLAKULLA, a Cherokee chief, sues for peace, II. 336. Attorneys-General during the presi dency of Washington, XII. 432. Augusta, Fort, in Pennsylvania, II. 241, 244.
AUSTIN, SAMUEL, III. 532. Austria, Emperor of, proposes to act as mediator for a general peace, VIII.71. Letter to the, XI. 125.
BACHE, SARAH, daughter of Benjamin Franklin, superintends the contribu- tions of the Philadelphia ladies, and forwards supplies to the army, VII. 376, 377, 408.
BADGELY, ABNER, complaint and in- quiry respecting his detention, VIII. 282, 291. On the case of, 312, 537. BAKER, JOHN, Lieutenant, proceeds to- wards Logstown and encounters a party of the enemy at Turtle Creek, II. 238.
BAKER'S Genealogy of the Washington family, of Sulgrave, I. 552.
BALDWIN, LOAMMI, assistant engineer, ordered to Canada; pay and rank of, III. 366.
BALLARD, ROBERT, Major, in danger of prosecution for the property of dis- affected persons, VI. 416.
Balls, cut and fixed to the end of nails, found in the American camp, IV. 107. Baltimore, citizens of, meet the Com- mander-in-chief, VIII. 157. Mer- chants of, lend money to Lafayette for his troops, 514. Reception of La- fayette there, in 1784, IX. 55. Minia- ture ship The Federalist sent from, to Washington, 375. Reception of Wash- ington and his suite there, on his retiring from the Presidency, XI. 197. Addresses to the citizens of, in April, 1789, XII. 139; to the members of the New Church of, 201; to mer- chants and traders of, in May, 1793, 203.
BANISTER, JOHN, delegate in Congress, V. 321.
Bank, shares taken up in the, X. 172, 176, XII. 18.
Bank stock, in England, XII. 252, 258, 262.
Baptists, United, address to the general committee, representing the, in Vir- ginia, XII. 154. Patriotic character of the, 155.
Barbadoes, extracts from a journal of a voyage and visit to, II. 424. Descrip- tion of, 425.
Barbary States, tribute paid to, IX. 194.
BARBER, FRANCIS, Lieutenant-colonel, on the state of the soldiers at Ticon- deroga, IV. 279. Chosen inspector, V. 348. is activity at Springfield, VII. 509. Aids in suppressing the revolt in the New Jersey line, 561. Wound- ed at Yorktown, VIII. 179. Acci- dentally killed, 415.
BARCLAY, THOMAS, makes a treaty with the Emperor of Morocco, X. 60. 62
Appointed consul at Morocco, 145. Death of, 332, 333, 357. BARD, SAMUEL, Life of, cited, X. 13. Barley, scarcity of; sowed with clover and other grasses, XII. 288, 259. The raising of, in Virginia, 294, 331, 347. Distinction made in regard to, 332. Mode of sowing, 379.
BARLOW, JOEL, goes to Europe, IX. 3-1, 386. Consul at Algiers, XI. 158. A letter of, forwarded to President Adams, 398, 404, 560.
BARNEY, JOSHUA, Captain, commands the miniature ship The Federalist, IX. 375, 376; X. 115, 335. BARNWELL, ROBERT, speaker of the House of Representatives of South Carolina, XII. 237.
BARRAS, Count de, arrives to take com- mand of the French fleet, VIII. 40. His proposed interview with the comman- der-in-chief at Weathersfield, 40, 48, 54. Hints at obstacles to a proposed expedition to the Chesapeake, 78, 113, 114. His unsuccessful detachment against Lloyd's Neck, 114. Proceeds to the Chesapeake to join Count de Grasse, 135, 147, 152, 161, 516. Barren Hill, particulars of the affair at, V. 377, 545. Indians engaged at, VII. 204. See LAFAYETTE. BARRINGTON, a British major, captured with General Prescott, IV. 495. BARRY, JOHN, Captain, his creditable exploit in capturing British ships, V. 271. Fights, and runs the Raleigh frigate ashore and escapes, VI. 90. BARTON, WILLIAM, Lieutenant-Colonel, captures General Prescott on Rhode Island; presented with a sword by Congress; appointed colonel, IV. 495, V. 205.
BARTON, WILLIAM, sends an essay on Heraldry to Washington, XII. 297. BARTON and BUSKIRK, Colonels, with Tory levies, attempt to cut off militia at Paramus, IV. 423. BARTRAM, WILLIAM, X. 102. BASSETT, Colonel, accidental death of, X. 313.
Bastille, the key of, and a painting of its demolition, sent to Washington, X. 104 to 106.
Bath, mineral springs at, visited in 1748, II. 417.
Baton Rouge, fort at, captured by Span- iards, VI. 476. Batteries, ineffectual against the pas- sage of ships, IV. 82, 138. Battle, of the Great Meadows, II. 51, 456. Of the Monongahela, 85, 468. On Long Island, IV. 68, 513. At Chatterton's Hill, near White Plains,
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