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This, at $12 per month, gives

Board for six months, at $10.....

The minimum yield per acre of the perennial cotton, wherever

it can be grown, would be 1000 lbs. per acre, an aggregate

of 6000 lbs. for six acres, which, at ten cents per pound,
gives....

Deduct from this, board and wages of men

And we have

which gives us $78 per acre.

$72 00..

60 00

63

$132 00

$600 00

132 00

$468 00

In this estimate I have considered the interest on land, cost of fertilizers, teams, and implements, as being the same North and South, and given the yield of the perennial cotton at its lowest rate; but as I know the tree to be capable of producing 2000 pounds per acre, and as it can just as well be grown in lawns, by the wayside, and divers nooks and corners, where it would not materially interfere with other crops or farm occupations, we might safely add fifty per cent. to the credit side of cotton grown by free labor in the Middle States.

At the South, the everlasting complaint is the insufficiency of plantation help, while in the free States labor is always abundant, and procurable at reasonable rates. Besides, from my own observation, and all the information I have been able to obtain, the perennial cotton is never liable to damages by vicissitudes of weather, or destruction by the numerous pests so inimical to the herbaceous plant.

That the Gossypium Arborium is to be introduced into our immediate vicinity, and its merits as a cotton bearer among us fully tested, is almost beyond a question; for there is present a gentleman of long experience in agriculture, a thorough-going New Jersey farmer, possessed of ample facilities, and a fixed resolve to take the initial in an enterprise which once consummated, will do more towards humanizing and Christianizing mankind; more towards binding our whole country in the strong bonds of eternal union; more towards banishing discord forever from among us, than all the legislating, diplomacy and war, that ever distracted civilization.

The period is not very remote, when hedges, most efficient as fences, shall yield annual dividends of superior cotton; ornamental trees blending the useful with the beautiful, shall repay ten fold their cost and culture; when the rugged heights of the Hudson, the plains of New Jersey, the fertile valleys of the Keystone State, and the undulating prairies of the Great West, shall gleam in the sun. light, white as the winter drift, with generous pods of Democratic cotton.

Having thus communicated the conclusions arrived at after a year's diligent study of the growth, habits, produce and general economy of the perennial treecotton, and also detailed the result of my own patient experiments in a latitude where the climate is as rigorous as it is in New York, permit me to introduce testimony towards establishing the fact that cotton can be produced abundantly and profitably in three-fourths of the free States.

In the first instance, that the cotton tree of South America does grow both spontaneously, and under culture, producing a beautiful, fine, and long glossy staple, in high southern latitudes, where snow covers the ground three months out of the twelve, seems to be evidence conclusive that it will flourish equally well in latitudes north of the Equator corresponding to those of the Southern Hemisphere, in which it abounds, and defies the rigors of a climate that nothing less hardy than a North American apple tree could withstand. As none of the Gossypium family, with the single exception of the giant specimen of Borneo, are strictly tropical in their origin, habits or organization, there can be no philosophical, or practical argument brought forward, to prove that even the herbaceous plant, when by skillful treatment and judicious culture, it has been changed into a hard wooded shrub, may not be grown successfully in any northern region, having a soil suitable to its development, where four months out of the twelve are free from frost. In answer to the almost universal argument in the North, that the season of the free States is not long enough to mature the cotton crop, I would simply say that it is a mistake. On the 7th of October, 1850, I left Boston for the South. Up to that date there had not been a frost in Massachusetts sufficiently severe to nip the most delicate plants. On the morning of the 15th of the same month, in passing along the streets of New Orleans, I observed ice in the gutters the thickness of ordinary window glass, and upon inquiry learned that the place had been visited with frost regularly for ten successive nights. That certainly was a somewhat unusual occurrence, but my own observation for many years has been, that beyond the influence of the breeze from the great Mexican Gulf, Jack Frost' is annually quite as early a visitor in the Southern States as he is in Massachusetts. It is true he takes his departure somewhat earlier in the Spring, but returns most inconsistently at times, even in Florida.

Less than twenty years ago it was currently believed, and positively asserted by pomological savans, that the United States could never become a wine-producing country, because no grape of foreign origin would ripen in its climate.

Dr. Underhill, of Croton Point, Nicholas Longworth, of Cincinnati, and a whole army of successful vine-growers and wine-makers, all over the country, have long since proven the fallacy of such reasoning.

When we remember the very serious trouble our Philadelphia neighbors had in persuading their Lehigh coal to ignite, we need not be very greatly surprised to hear people argue stoutly that cotton cannot be grown in the free States, giving us no better argument than the fact that it never has been attempted. Herein lies their ignorance of existing facts; for the herbaceous cotton, common to the South, has been grown, spun, and woven, for domestic wear, in various localities along the valley of the Wabash, ever since its earliest settlement by the French-not in large quantities, it is true, but sufficiently so to prove that with extraordinary culture, and under favorable natural circumstances, even the annual cotton plant may be grown to maturity in mu h higher latitudes than is generally supposed.

But a few years since, when Prof. Mapes, eminent as a chemist, profound as a scientific investigator, and successful as an agriculturist, suggested the underdraining of dry land as a security against drouth, the whole agricultural community lifted up their hands in utter amazement, exclaiming, "too much learning hath made him mad." Subsequently experience has proved that the public was ignorant, rather than the Professor mad, and now under-draining even dry lands, has become established agricultural orthodoxy.

The history of our common potato affords very strong presumptive evidence in favor of the probability of the cultivation of cotton much farther north than it has been hitherto grown; and that the quality may actually be improved by its approach towards the North Pole. The potato-now the food of millions, and grown in the utmost perfection almost within the Arctic Circle, was in its original condition a bit er stringent tropical root, growing wild in Central America, and on the Pacific slopes of the Peruvian Andes."

The State of Rhode Island, small as it is, deemed it important to be in possession of a reliable statement of her industrial resources, and in January, 1860, her Legislature passed the foilowing preamble and resolution :

"WHEREAS, the Industrial Statistics to be collected by the United States in this State, in the census to be taken during the present year, will not embrace many items and particulars which will be of value in future legislation, and which through the agency of the Marshal of this district might be collected at comparatively small cost by him and his deputies while taking said census; it is therefore

Resolved, That the Rhode Island Society for the Encouragement of Domestic Industry, be requested to take measures for the collecting of the same, and that the sum of $500 be appropriated and paid out of the general treasury, to said Society, to enable them to carry this resolution into effect."

The following items were obtained in accordance with the above resolution :

Population.......

173,869

Acres of improved land in farms..

326,388 1,046 4-10

Area in square miles.......

Value of farms.........

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Gallons of milk sold during year ending June 1, 1860................

$19,497,215

571,430 2,065,958

32,600

6,845

1,297,753

Value of poultry and eggs sold during year ending June 1, 1860.

173,416

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" on hand......

Cows not on farms.....

Tons of salt hay...

Bushels of carrots......

69,642

2,750

4,938

1,540

122,639

161,764

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Value of shell fish at shore for year 1859.......

Cords of sea-drift sold and used in 1859 (value about $1 per cord)..

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118,611

$24,187

11,692

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It must be remembered that all these items, except the first six, are such as are not embraced in the schedule issued to United States marshals; and yet the aggregate of these items must certainly form an important portion of the Industrial resources of the State.

The following is a list of the crops whose annual acreage is taken in Scotland We give the acreage for the 1857:

year

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According to the Scotch system of statistics, the extent of land only devoted to the crops is ascertained; this system has in all probability been adopted in order to ascertain the rental of estates rather than the amount produced. But as Ohio is an exporter of agricultural products, it is desirable to ascertain the amount produced of each crop-from which deduct the amount required for seed and home consumption, and then the amount which may be exported can be ap proximatively ascertained. It is a well known fact that Ohio does export many millions of dollars worth of agricultural products, but we have no data from which either the quantity, kind or value can be even approximatively ascertained. Ever since the close of the war of 1812, Ohio has been exporting cattle and horses to the Atlantic States, and of late years, sheep and hogs in large quantities have been taken from Ohio, but we have no data from which we can ascertain the number or the value. It is claimed that much of the wheat and flour exported from Toledo is produced in Indiana and Michigan; and that much of the same articles exported from Cincinnati is produced in Indiana and Kentucky. The hogs slaughtered in Cincinnati are purchased from Kentucky and Indiana, as well as from Ohio-and those slaughtered in Toledo, come from Indiana and Michigan.

In the report of the United States Secretary of the Treasury on Commerce and Navigation for 1860, it appears that the exports of American produce for the year ending June 30, 1860, were as follows:

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