berries, cherries, plums, Orlean plums, egg plums; damsons, Siberian crabs*, and green-gages, which have all been preserv ed in the manner above described.

In order to diversify the degree of heat and time of continuance over the fire, I have done some in one hundred and ninety degrees, and continued them in it for three quarters of an hour; from which experiments it is evident that the heat is too powerful and the time too long, as the fruit by the degree and continuance is reduced nearly to a pulp.

In the summer of 1807, I preserved ninety-five bottles of fruit, the expense of which, exclusive of bottles and corks, was one pound, nine shillings, and five pence half-penny, but having some fruit it will not be right to judge them at a higher rate than one pound nine shillings; and allowing five shillings, for the extra coals consumed in consequence of my not having a conveniency of doing more than seven or eight at a time, and they being done at fourteen different times, it will amount to one pound fourteen shillings; the average cost of which is nearly four pence half-penny per bottle, exclusive of the trouble of attending them. But if we estimate their value in the winter reason at one shilling the bottle, this being in general as low or lower than the market price, they will produce four pounds fifteen shillings; but losing one bottle by accident, reduces it to four pounds fourteen shillings, leaving a nett profit of three pounds, on ninety-four bottles, being a clear gain of nearly two hundred per cent,

Another great advantage resulting from this statement will appear by making it an article of store for shipping, or exportation; and I shall submit a few ideas tending to promote such a beneficial object by doing it in large quantities, for which purpose sufficiently extensive premises must be fitted up, with a proper number of shelves, one above another, at a distance of about five inches.

The vessel for scalding the fruit in should be a long wooden trough of six, eight, or ten feet in length, two or three in breadth,

and one in depth, fitted with laths across to keep the bottles upright, and from falling against one another; this trough of water to have the heat communicated to it by steam, through a pipe from a closed boiler at a little distance. The boiling water, wanted to fill the bottles with, may be conveyed through a pipe and cock over the trough, by which arrangement, many hundreds of bottles might be done in a short time. It may be prudent to observe that this idea is only speculative, not having been actually practised, but at the same time seems to carry with it a great probability of success and is worthy the experiment.

It remains now that I state some reasonable object for trou bling the society, whom I have taken the liberty to address with these communications. The first is a desire of publicity, sanctioned by their investigation of the experiments made for preserving fruit without sugar, thereby lessening the expense attending an object of so much public benefit and utility. The second arises from a personal or private consideration; but on this subject I shall only observe that I wish to throw myself entirely on that protection which has ever characterised the liberality of the society; and that I shall feel highly honoured, if they conceive what I have communicated deserving any mark of their favour.

I am gentlemen, &c. T. S.

AMERICAN SCENERY-FOR THE PORT FOLIO.
DESCRIPTION OF THE YELLOW SPRINGS,

In Pennsylvania.

Or the various watering places and rural retreats which invite the languid, the listless, or the laborious citizen to invigorate his system, to relax from the fatigues of business, or to restore his declining health, none certainly combines so many advantages as this delightful spot. Its proximity to the city, the salubri

Yellow Springs in Pennsylvania.

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ty of the air, the purity of the water, the coldness and clearness of the bath, the fertility of the soil, and the variegated scenery which surrounds it, all conspire to charm the senses, and to sooth, and exhilarate the mind.

The distance of the Yellow Springs from the city of Philadelphia is about thirty-two miles, in a north-west direction; and they derive their name from the ferruginous sediment which collects at the bottom of the baths and drinking springs, the quality of which is found, by a chemical analysis, to belong to that class which are called simple carbonated chalybeates, or water in which iron is held in solution by the carbonic acid gas. Some of the tests applied have exhibited a small proportion of limestone. It operates very powerfully as a diuretic and cathartic, and sometimes at first, on weak stomachs, as an emetic: it is extremely light, and may be drunk in almost any quantity, without oppressing the stomach: it creates an eager appetite, and is very agreeable to the palate.

The Yellow Springs are in the township of Pikeland and county of Chester. The place was first settled and the mineral springs discovered in 1743. In 1745 they were visited by the citizens of the metropolis, and have ever since been gradually more and more frequented during the summer season.

The farm in which they rise, having never yet been in the possession of a person of taste and fortune, is still in a rude, unimproved state. Every charm with which Nature could embellish it is liberally bestowed. The singularly beautiful undulation of the grounds, exhibits a luxuriant variety of picturesque scenery, not to be surpassed either by the romantic wilds of Switzerland, or the diversified and enchanting vales of Italy or France.

This seat of health, hilarity, and rural elegance is surrounded at a distance by forest crowned mountains,

"Majestic woods of every vigorous green

Stage above stage high waving o'er the hills;

And to the far horizon wide diffused,

A boundless, deep immensity of shade:"

while the eye is in every direction delighted, within the circumference of a smaller circle, with highly cultivated farms, large