1869, where, however, he came into abrupt collision with Roscoe Conkling. The State machine which Conkling had been organizing in opposition to Fenton beginning in 1867, was unquestionably in the ascendant in 1868 and was dominant in the era following 1868. Horace Greeley, although he made an uncertain leader, was still a power in Republican ranks through his control of the Tribune. His insatiable desire for public office led him to defeat at the hands of Conkling in 1867, and, also, in 1868 through the treachery of Fenton. Nevertheless, he covered his wounds, biding his time until he led the Liberal Republican movement in 1872. Henry J. Raymond kept the Times in accord with the Republican party, but he remained outside the breastworks personally, making no attempt to renew his former relationship with the party. Blaine claimed that Raymond's parliamentary failure was a keen disappointment to him and tended to cut short his useful life. With the failure of the Philadelphia principle, and of the Democrats singly, to evolve out of chaos of the period of 1865-1869 an organization sufficient to overcome the popularity of a great military hero, the Radicals were assured that they could drink the cup of vengeance to the full. Had Seymour and Blair been elected in 1868, it is fair to assume that certain of the previous Reconstruction acts of the Radical Congress would have been abrogated or amended, and that the readjustment of the difficult situations in the South would have followed more natural lines. What effect this would have had upon the political and economic condition of the South it is impossible to state. It would seem, nevertheless, that there would have been less bloodshed, less sectional hatred engendered, a saner and speedier conception of what was for the best interests of the nation as a whole, had an administration been returned other than that of the Radicals. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE The bibliography which follows is aimed merely to suggest the main groups of material consulted on the period. No attempt has been made at completeness. The starred papers in the above list have been closely followed for the period. Of the New York City papers: the Times (Henry J. Raymond), the Tribune (Horace Greeley), and the Evening Post (Parke Godwin), were found to be the most reliable Republican organs; the World (Manton Marble), the only reliable Democratic organ; the Herald (James Gordon Bennett), purporting to be independent and paying chief attention to politics, was in a state of unstable equilibrium; the Commercial Advertiser (Thurlow Weed), was quasiDemocratic, independent and Republican at different periods; the Sun (Charles A. Dana), claiming to be independent developed decided leanings towards Democracy; and The Independent (Theodore Tilton), although it represented the religious and conscientious part of the community, belied its name, for its editorials were pre-eminently partisan. The up-State journals of both parties were apt to follow the editorial trend of the New York City papers. There were several notable exceptions, however, to this statement. Although Thurlow Weed had ceased his control of the Albany Evening Journal, that organ still exerted a great control over the State. William Cassidy, of the Albany Argus, was perhaps the leading Democratic up-State editor. Ellis H. Roberts, of the Utica Morning Herald, and Carroll E. Smith of the Syracuse Daily Journal, were the rivals for the editorial leadership of the up-State Republican press. All three were molders of public opinion. II. MAGAZINES American Historical Review. The, 14 vols. N. Y., 1910. Harper's Weekly, 1865-68. Harper Brothers, N. Y. Nation, The, 1865-68, vii vols. E. L. Godkin & Co., N. Y. World Almanac. New York, 1865-68. III. LAWS-NEW YORK STATE for the following years: 1832, '41, '43, '44, '45, '46, '50, '54, '55, '56, '57, '60, '61, '64, '65, '66, '68, '70, '92, '96 and '98. IV. CASES Board of Excise v. Merchant, 103 N. Y. 143. Dawson v. Horan, 51 Barb. 459. Knight v. Campbell, 62 Barb. 16. Metropolitan Board of Excise v. John Harris et al., 34 N. Y. 657. People v. Burleigh, 1 N. Y. Crim. Rep. 522. People v. Clarke, 13 N. Y. 378. People v. Grant, 12 How. Pr. 83. People v. Lyon, 27 Hun. 180. People v. Van Rensselaer et al., 9 N. Y. 291. Rodman v. Munson, 13 Barb. 188. Wynehamer v. People, 13 N. Y. 378. V. DOCUMENTS Annual Report of the Adjutant General of the State of New York. Albany, 1865. Annual Report of the American Historical Association. New York, 1886 et seq.; Washington, 1890 et seq. Annual Report of the Chamber of Commerce, ii parts. New York, 1865. Annual Report of the City Superintendent of Schools. New York, 1865-66. Annual Report of the Finance Committee of the Board of Education. New York, 1865-66. Annual Report of the Superintendent of the Banking Department of the State of New York. Albany, 1866. Assembly Documents. Albany, 1840-55. Assembly Documents. Albany, 1868. Census of the State of New York for 1865, edited by Franklin B. Hugh. Albany, 1866. City Mission and Tract Society Reports. New York, 1865. Constitutional Convention of 1867-68, The. Documents. Albany, 1858. Constitutional Convention of 1894, Revised Records of the. Albany, 1895. Constitutional Convention Proceedings, 1846. Albany, 1847. Executive Documents, 1st Sess., 39th Cong. Washington, 1865. Journal of the Constitutional Commission of 1872-3. Albany, 1873. Legislative Assembly Journal, Albany, 1846. Legislative Assembly Journal, Albany, 1864. Messages and Papers of the Presidents, edited by James D. Richardson, x vols. Washington, 1896. Messages from the Governors, State of New York, edited by Charles Z. Lincoln, xi vols. Albany, 1909. New York State Comptroller's Report. Albany, 1866. Reports of Committees of the House of Representatives, 3rd Sess., 40th Cong. Washington, 1869. Report of the Committee on Volunteering of the County of New York, ii vols. New York, 1866. Report of the Council of Hygiene and Public Health of the Citizens Association of New York upon the sanitary condition of the city. New York, 1865. Report of the State Commissioner of Banks. Albany, 1867. Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction. New York 1866. Senate Documents. Albany, 1835-1851. Senate Documents. Albany, 1866. Senate Documents. Albany, 1868. Senate Documents. Albany, 1869. Senate Executive Documents, 1st Sess., 39th Cong. Washington, 1866. Senate Miscellaneous Documents, 3rd Sess., 40th Cong. Washington, |