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by Governor until next general election; and lowed by law shall not be increased or diminthat at the election for justices of the Supreme ished during the time for which they shall be Court, next after the adoption of these amend-elected. ments, no elector shall vote for more than four persons for such position.

Sections 10, 11, and 12 provide that each county is a judicial district; judges shall be elected at the general election next after the adoption of these amendments; vacancies by death, &c., filled by Governor, until next general election; every County of 20,000 inhabitants to have one such judge; counties containing more than 20,000 may elect such further number of such judges as shall be prescribed by statute, not exceeding one for every 20,000 inhabitants and one for such fraction as shall exceed 10,000.

The justices of the Supreme Court and the district judges shall be ineligible to any other office than a judicial office during the term for which they shall have been elected, and shall, before entering upon their offices, in addition to the oath of office, take and subscribe an oath that they will not, during such term, accept any federal office.

ARTICLE VIII.

Section 1 provides that "all things and choses in action, subject to ownership, sale, devise, scent, distribution, or assignment, shall be deemed property for purposes of taxation."

No debt shall be incurred by any municipal corporation, except in pursuance of an order or ordinance previously made therefor by the municipal authorities, which order or ordinance shall provide for the payment thereof.

Private property shall not be liable to be taken or sold for the payment of the corporate debts of a municipal corporation.

The Legislature may vest the corporate authorities of cities, or consolidated cities and counties, with power to make local improvements, by special assessment or by special taxation of contiguous property, or otherwise.

ARTICLE X.

SEC. 2. Each stockholder shall be individually and personally liable for his proportion of all debts and liabilities of a corporation created or incurred while he remains such stockholder.

The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged, or so construed as to prevent the Legislature from taking the property and franchises of corporations, and subjecting de-them to public use, the same as the property of individuals; and the exercise of the police power of the State shall never be abridged, or so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their business in such manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals, or the general wellbeing of the State.

The present bonded debt of the State is valid, and the Legislature shall provide by statute for the payment thereof.

Section 3 provides against any increase of the State debt above $300,000, except in case of war, to repel invasion, &c., "or for the purposes of carrying out a general system of irrigation, or to provide the means of payment, if it becomes necessary to condemn to the use of the State the railroads within its limits."

The comptroller shall determine and publish, when the limit of the public debt allowed by this constitution has been reached, and all other or further obligations of the State shall be void. Neither the credit of the State nor of any municipal corporation authorized under the laws thereof shall be pledged or loaned to any individual, company, corporation, or association; nor shall the State or any municipal corporation become a joint owner of or a stockholder in any company, association, or corporation; nor shall the State or any municipal corporation become bound to pay any bond, or interest on any bond or other obligation of any individual, association, or corporation; and no county or other municipal corporation under the laws of this State shall incur any obligation to raise money for the construction of any work not exclusively under the control of public officers.

ARTICLE IX.

In all elections for directors or managers of a corporation, each member or shareholder may cast the whole number of his votes for one candidate, or distribute them upon two or more candidates, as he may prefer.

No corporation shall engage in any business other than that expressly authorized in its charter; nor shall it take or hold any real estate, except such as may be necessary and proper for its legitimate business.

No corporation shall issue stocks or bonds except for money, labor done, or property actually received; and all fictitious increase of stock or indebtedness shall be void. The stock of corporations shall not be increased, except in pursuance of general law, nor without the consent of the persons holding the two-thirds in value of the stock, first obtained at a meeting to be held after sixty days' notice, given in pursuance of law.

No railroad or telegraph company shall consolidate with or hold an interest in the stock or bonds of any other railroad or telegraph com pany, nor shall the same persons be officers in corporations owning competing lines of railroads or telegraphs.

The boundaries of counties shall be established by statute, and no statute shall be passed chang-road ing a county boundary, until it be shown to the Legislature that a notice was published in some newspaper of general circulation in the counties to be affected by such change at least thirty days before the last general election, stating that application would be made to the Legislature for such change.

* * Salaries of county officers and pay al

No railroad or telegraph company shall lease, or in any manner manage or control, the railor telegraph line of another company. All individuals, associations, and corporations shall have equal right to have persons and property transported over railroads; and no undue or unreasonable discrimination shall be made in charges for, or in facilities for transportation of freight or passengers within the State, or coming from or going to any other State. Persons and property transported over any railroad shall be

delivered at any station, at charges not exceeding the charges for transportation of persons and property of the same class in the same direction to any more distant station; but excursion and commutation tickets may be issued at special

rates.

The Legislature shall pass statutes to correct abuses and prevent unjust discrimination and extortion in the rates of freights and fares on the railroads in the State, and provide for the enforcement of such statutes by adequate penalties, to the extent, if necessary for that purpose, of forfeiture of property and franchises.

Every railroad corporation organized in this

State shall maintain an office therein where transfers of its stock shall be made, and where its books shall be kept for inspection by any stockholder or creditor of such corporation, in which books shall be recorded the amount of capital stock subscribed or paid in, and by whom, the names of the owners of its stock, and the amounts owned by them respectively, the transfers of said stock, and the names and places of

residence of its officers.

Florida.

[These amendments were adopted at the late session of the Legislature, and if ratified at the next session, will be submitted to popular vote.]

ARTICLE IV.

SEC. 2. From and after the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January, A. D. 1877, the regular sessions of the Legislature shall be held biennially, commencing on said day, and on thereafter, but the Governor may convene the the corresponding day of every second year same in extra session by his proclamation.

SEC. 29. The Assembly shall have the sole power of impeachment, but a vote of two-thirds of all the members present shall be required to impeach any officer; and all impeachments shall be tried by the Senate. When sitting for that purpose, the Senators shall be upon oath or affirmation, and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the Senators present.

The Senate may adjourn to a fixed day for the trial of any impeachment, and may sit for the purpose of such trial, whether the Assembly be in session or not; but the time fixed for such trial shall not be more than six months from the time articles of impeachment shall be preferred by the Assembly.

All railroads shall be public highways, and all railroad companies shall be common carriers. Any corporation organized for the purpose shall have the right to construct and operate a railroad between any points within this State, and to connect at the State line with railroads in other States. Every railroad company shall have the right with its road to intersect, connect with, or cross any other railroad; and shall receive and transport each others' passengers, ton-preside. nage, and cars, loaded or empty, without delay or discrimination, in such manner as may be prescribed by general statute.

No president, director, officer, or employee of any railroad company shall be interested, directly or indirectly, in the furnishing of material or supplies to such company, or in the business of transportation as a common carrier of freight or passengers over the works owned, leased, controlled, or worked by such company.

No railroad, railway, or other transportation company shall grant free passes, or passes at a discount, to any public officers.

ARTICLE XI.

The Legislature shall provide for the maintenance of and support of a thorough and efficient system of public schools, wherein all the children within the State may be educated.

All public moneys raised for school purposes, all moneys, lands, and other property, which have heretofore or shall hereafter come to the State for school purposes, and the proceeds, rents, issues, and profits of such lands and other property, shall be appropriated exclusively to the support of the common school system of this State.

ARTICLE XII.

The Chief Justice shall preside at all trials by impeachment, except in the trial of the Chief Justice, when the Lieutenant Governor shall

The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, members of the Cabinet, Justices of the Supreme Court, and Judges of the Circuit Court, shall be liable to impeachment for any misdemeanor in office: but judgment in such cases shall extend only to removal from office, and disqualification to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit under the State; but the party convicted or acquitted shall nevertheless be liable to indictment, trial, and punishment according to law. All other officers who shall have been appointed to office by the Governor, and by and with the consent of the Senate, may be removed from office upon the recommendation of the Governor and consent of the Senate, but they shall nevertheless be liable law for any misdemeanor in office; all other civil to indictment, trial, and punishment according to officers shall be tried for misdemeanor in office in such manner as the Legislature may provide.

ARTICLE V.

SEC. 14. A Lieutenant Governor shall be elect

He shall

ed at the same time and places and in the same
manner as the Governor, whose term of office
and eligibility shall also be the same.
be the President of the Senate, but shall only
have a casting vote therein.

In the case of the impeachment of the Governor, or his removal from office, death, inability to disArticle X of the existing constitution is charge his official duties, or resignation, the changed to article XII, and the first section power and duties of the office shall devolve thereof is so changed as to permit an amendment upon the Lieutenant Governor for the residue of the constitution to be made by one Legisla- of the term, or until the disability shall cease. ture and a ratification vote by the people, in- In the case of the impeachment of the Lieustead of by the affirmative vote of two succes-tenant Governor, or his removal from office, sive Legislatures and a ratifying popular vote. death, inability to discharge his official duties,

t

or resignation, the power and duties of the office | ing female suffrage passed the House-yeas 56, shall devolve upon the President pro tem. of the nays 38; not voting 6. Senate.

But the Governor shall not, without the consent of the Legislature, be out of the State in time of war.

Section 15 is abrogated.

SEC. 16. The Governor may at any time require the opinion of the Justices of the Supreme Court as to the interpretation of any portion of this Constitution upon any question affecting his executive powers and duties, and the Justices shall render such opinion in writing.

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[The following amendments to the constitution were proposed by the constitutional commission of 1873; reviewed by the Legislature, being adopted in the shape of a joint resolution, (Senate-yeas 25, nays 3; House-yeas 77, nays 16,) to be submitted to the people for ratification or rejection at the general election in No

SEC. 22. The Governor shall have power to disapprove of any item or items of any bill making appropriations of money, embracing distinct items, and the part or parts of the bill approved shall be the law; and the item or items of appropriations disapproved shall be void unless repassed according to the rules and limita-vember, 1874.] tions prescribed for the passage of other bills over the Executive veto.

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Section 11 describes the powers of the county court and its judges.

SEC. 12. Grand and petit jurors shall be taken from the registered voters of the respective counties. The number of jurors for the trial of causes in any court may be fixed by law.

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ARTICLE II.

* * * No special privilege or immunity shall be granted that may not be revoked. No person shall be compelled * * * against his consent to contribute to the erection or support of any place of religious worship. * *

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Nor shall any witness be questioned as to his religious belief.

* * ** The Legislature may authorize, in courts not of record, a trial by a jury of a less number than twelve; in all courts, in civil cases, a verdict by not less than two-thirds of the jury; and in criminal cases, by consent of parties, a discharge of not more than one juror and a verdict by the remainder.

SEC. 15. The Governor shall appoint as many justices of the peace as he may deem necessary. * * *They may hold their offices for the term of four years, subject to removal by the Governor for reasons satisfactory to him. ARTICLE XII.

SEC. 7. The Legislature shall have power to provide for issuing State bonds bearing interest for securing the debt of the State, for the erection of State buildings, and for the support of State institutions; but the credit of the State shall not be pledged or loaned to any individual, company, or corporation, or association; nor shall the State become a joint owner or stock holder in any company, association, or corporation.

The Legislature shall not authorize any county, city, or borough, township, or incorporated district to become a stockholder in any company, association, or corporation, or to obtain or appropriate money for or to loan its credit to any corporation, association, institution, or individual.

ARTICLE XVI.

Section 3 defines the several judicial circuits.
Sections 7 and 8 are abrogated.

SEC. 24. The property of all corporations, whether heretofore or hereafter incorporated, shall be subject to taxation, unless such property be held for religious, educational, or charitable purposes.

*No person shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself; but if any person shall elect to make a statement in his own behalf, he shall be subject to crossexamination relative to the matter of such statement.

ARTICLE IV.

The Senate shall consist of thirty-three members, * ** *to serve, after first election in the odd-numbered districts, four years. ***

SEC. 3. The House of Representatives shall consist of one hundred and ten members, to be apportioned among the several counties and districts, according to an equal ratio of population, as near as may be. Each county having a ratio of representation, and a fraction over equal to one-third of such ratio, shall be entitled to two Representatives, and above that number one additional Representative for each additional ratio; but every organized county containing a population of not less than one-third of the ratio of representation, and every two or more contiguous organized counties containing a like population, shall be entitled to a Repreattached to a Representative district. Representative. Every unorganized county shall be sentatives shall be chosen for two years and by single districts. * * *

Bills may originate in either House, but no bill or new subject of legislation shall be introduced after the expiration of the first fifty days of the session, except on recommendation of the The proposed constitutional amendment allow-Governor by special message.

Iowa.

Section 15 allows compensation of $4 per day, | and ten cents mileage each way, to members of the Legislature.

No person elected a member of the Legislature shall receive any civil appointment other than that of notary public from the Governor, the Governor and Senate, from the Legislature, or any other State authority, or be eligible to any office which shall have been created, or the emoluments of which shall have been increased, by the Legislature of which he is a member, until the expiration of the term for which he is elected. All such appointments, and all votes given for any person so elected for any such office or appointment, shall be void. No member of the Legislature shall be interested, directly or indirectly, in any contract with the State or any municipal corporation authorized by any law passed during the time for which he is elected, until one year after the expiration of his legislative term.

* * * No public act shall take effect or be in force until the expiration of ninety days from the end of the session at which the same is passed, unless the Legislature shall otherwise direct by a two-thirds vote of the members elected to each House; such vote to be taken by yeas and nays, if demanded by any member.

* * * No * * officer of the State shall be interested, directly or indirectly, in any ** contract with the State.

Section 24 omits the words "but no money shall be appropriated for the payment of any religious services in either House of the Legisla ture."

The Legislature shall not authorize any lottery or permit the sale of lottery tickets.

No money shall be appropriated or drawn from the treasury of this State, or of any municipal corporation, for the benefit of any religious sect or society, theological or religious seminary, or school under private or denominational control; nor shall property belonging to the State or any municipal corporation be appropriated for any such purpose.

The Legislature shall provide by law for an enumeration of the inhabitants of the State in the year eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and every ten years thereafter, and for the collection of such general statistics and information as shall be deemed necessary.

ARTICLE V.

The Governor shall have power to disapprove of any item or items of any bill making appropriations of money, embracing distinct items; and the part or parts approved shall be the law, and the item or items disapproved shall be void unless repassed according to the rules and limit ations prescribed for the passage of other bills over the Executive veto.

ARTICLE VI.

The Supreme Court is continued, subject to the provisions of this article. The Legislature shall provide for one additional judge, so that the court shall consist of five members, to be chosen by the electors of the State, and for a classification of judges, so that one shall go out of office every two years. The judge having the shortest time to serve shall be chief justice during the remain der of his term of office. The term of office of a judge of the Supreme Court shall be ten years. A judge of the Supreme Court may be assigned to hold a Circuit Court in cases provided by law.

The legislature shall not pass local or special laws in any of the following enumerated cases: Divorcing any named party, or upon the subject of divorce; changing the names of persons or places; regulating the jurisdiction and duties of justices of the peace or constables; providing for changes of venue in civil or criminal cases; granting any special powers to boards of supervisors; summoning and impaneling grand or petit jurors; regulating the rate of interest on money; authorizing the sale, lease, or mortgage of real estate belonging to minors, or by execu: tors or administrators, or by any religious corporation or society; chartering or licensing ferries or toll bridges; remitting fines, penalties, or forfeitures; creating, increasing, or decreasing fees, percentages, or allowances of public officers; changing the law of descent; granting to any corporation, association, or individual any special or exclusive privilege, immunity, or franchise whatever; declaring any named person of age; extending the time for the assessment or collection of taxes, or otherwise relieving any assessor or collector of taxes from the due performance of his official duties; punishing crimes or misdemean-eral, ors; adopting, by any person, any named person as his child or heir; vacating or altering any road laid out by commissioners of highways, or any street, alley, or public ground in any city or village or in any recorded town plat, or for altering the boundaries of any school district, for building or repairing bridges, or for draining swamp or other low lands, except by expenditure of grants to the State; exempting any property from taxation. The Legislature shall provide by general laws for the cases enumerated in this section, and for all other cases which, in its judgment, may be provided for by general laws

ARTICLE IX.

Section 1 requires the State officers to reside as the capital, and personally superintend the duties of their offices. It changes the annual salaries of the Governor from $1,000 to $3,000; Circuit Judges, $1,500 to $2 500; State Treasurer, $1,000 to $2,500; Auditor General, $1,000 to $2,500; Su perintendent Public Instruction, $1,000 to $2,000; Secretary of State, $800 to $2,000; Commissioner Land Office, $800 to $2,000; and Attorney Gen $800 to $2,500.

ARTICLE X.

The board of supervisors of any county may, by a vote of two thirds of their whole number, borrow or raise by tax a sum not exceeding in any one year one mill upon the dollar of the assessed valuation thereof, for constructing or repairing public buildings, highways, or bridges: Provided, The indebtedness of a county incurred under this section shall at no time exceed two mills upon a dollar of such assessed valuation, unless authorized by a majority of the electors of the county voting thereon, as shall be proIvided by law.

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school fund, and of all funds arising from general taxes for the support of schools. from fines, penalties, forfeitures, or recognizances All moneys belonging to the public derived imposed or taken in the several counties, cities, or townships for any breach of the penal laws of and apportioned in the same manner as is the this State, shall be paid into the county treasury income of the primary school fund, and paid over to the several cities and townships of the county in which such money accrued, for the support of a library in each township or city, or for the support of primary schools, as the towntion or school board of any city, may determine. ship board of any township, or board of educa But fines, penalties, forfeitures, and recognizances, accruing from the violation of village or city ordinances, shall be paid into the treasury of the village or city where the same are collected, and be applied as the board of education or school board of such village or city may de

termine.

ARTICLE XIV.

The Legislature may provide for the collec*tion of specific taxes from banking, railroad, and plank-road corporations, and may, in its discretion, impose specific taxes upon other corporations, and upon any property or business within this State; but when a specific tax is imposed upon a corporation, it shall only apply to such property of the corporation as shall be necessary for the exercise of its corporate franchises.

The Legislature may * * * regulate the speed of trains. * * * Nor shall any such [railroad] corporation hereafter lease any parallel or competing line of road, and no two or more competing lines of railroad shall be run or operated, directly or indirectly, wholly or in part, under the same management or supervision, or under or subject to any arrangement, agreement, or understanding, with reference to rates of fare or freight to be charged, or for the division of earnings.

ARTICLE XII.

No officer shall exercise his office after an impeachment is directed, until he be acquitted, but such disability shall not continue longer than three months, unless the trial of such impeachment shall have been commenced and proceeded with.

* * * Provision may be made by law for the suspension of a judge when the Legislature is not in session.

Whenever, during a recess of the Legislature, it shall, in the opinion of the Governor, become necessary to direct an impeachment of any civil officer, he may, by proclamation, convene the House of Representatives for that purpose; and if the House, when so convened, shall direct an impeachment, he shall in like manner immediately convene the Senate to try such impeachment; and whenever, in the opinion of the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives, it shall, during a recess of the Legislature, become necessary to direct an impeachment of the Governor, they may, by their joint proclamation, convene the House for that purpose; and if the House direct such impeachment, the said President and Speaker shall, in like manner, immediately convene the Senate to try such impeachment.

ARTICLE XIII.

* * * Any school district neglecting to maintain such school [three months in each year] shall be deprived for the ensuing year of its proportion of the income of the primary

Every law hereafter enacted by the Legislature, creating a debt or authorizing a loan, shall provide a sinking fund for the payment of the same.

* * *

The Legislature shall provide by law for barring all claims against the State, unless presented within a time to be therein fixed.

The State shall not aid, by gift, or pledge of its credit, any person or corporation, nor shall it subscribe to, or become interested in, the stock of any corporation, nor assume any indebtedness of a municipal or [other] corporation. The provisions of this section shall not apply to educational, charitable, reformatory, or penal institutions which are or may be under the care and control of the State.

The State shall not be a party to or be interested in any work of internal improvement, except the ship canal at the Sault Ste. Marie, and the Portage Lake and Lake Superior Ship Canal, nor engage in carrying on any such work, otherwise than in the expenditure of grants to the State of land or other property.

The Legislature shall provide a uniform rule of taxation, except on property or business paying specific taxes.

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ARTICLE XV.

And the husband of any married woman shall not be liable for or on account of any debt or obligation of his wife contracted before her marriage, or contracted by her in relation to her sole property after marriage.

ARTICLE XVII.

Public officers, receiving or having charge of public moneys, are prohibited from using or em

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