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States by the letter and spirit of the limitation of armament conference.

The Negro.

We urge the congress to enact at the earliest possible date a federal antilynching law, so that the full influence of the federal government may be wielded to exterminate this hideous crime. We believe that much of the misunderstanding which now exists can be eliminated by humane and sympathetic study of its causes. The president has recommended the creation of a commission for the investigation of social and economic conditions and the promotion of mutual understanding and confidence.

Orderly Government.

The republican party reaffirms its devotion to orderly government under the guaranties embodied in the constitution of the United States. We recognize the duty of constant vigilance to preserve at all times a clean and honest government and to bring to the bar of justice every defiler of the public service in or out of office.

Woman Delegates.

We extend our greetings to the woman delegates who for the first time under federal authorization sit with us in full equality. The republican party from the beginning has espoused the cause of woman suffrage and the presence of these woman delegates signifies to many here the completion of a task undertaken years ago. We welcome them not as assistants or as auxiliary representatives but as copartners in the great political work in which we are engaged, and we believe that the actual partnership in party councils should be made more complete.

Constitutional Guaranty.

The republican party reaffirms its unyielding devotion to the constitution and to the guaranties of civil, political and religious liberty therein contained.

Party Responsibility.

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With us, parties are essential instrumentalities of government. Our government functions best when the chief executive is supported by Dishonesty and corruption are not political a majority in the congress of the same politiattributes. The recent congressional investiga-cal faith, united by party principles and able tions have exposed instances in both parties by concerted action to carry out in an of men in public office who are willing to derly way a definite, consistent and well-balsell official favors and men out of office who anced program. In urging the people to elect are willing to buy them in some cases with a republican president and vice-president we money and in others with influence. urge them to elect to the senate and house of representatives men and women who believe in the republican principles, acknowledge party responsibility and who can be relied on to keep faith with the people by carrying out the program which the republican party presents and pledges itself to fulfill.

The sale of influence resulting from the holding of public position or from association while in public office or the use of such influence for private gain or advantage is a perversion of public trust and prejudicial to good government. It should be condemned by public opinion and forbidden by law.

We demand the speedy, fearless and impartial prosecution of all wrongdoers, without regard for political affiliation or position, but we declare no greater wrong can be committed against the people than the attempt to destroy their trust in the great body of their public servants. Admitting the deep humiliation which all good citizens share, that our public life should have harbored some dishonest men, we assert that these undesirables do not represent the standard of our national integrity. The government at Washington is served to-day by thousands of earnest, conscientious and faithful officials and employes in every department. It is a grave wrong against these patriotic men and women to strive indiscriminately to besmirch the names of the innocent and undermine the confidence of the people in the government under which they live. It is even a graver wrong when this is done for partisan purposes or for selfish exploitation.

The republican administration has already taken charge of the prosecution of official dereliction, and it will continue the work of discovering and punishing; but it will not confuse the innocent with the guilty, nor prostitute for party advantage the enforcement of the law.

Law and Order.

We must have respect for law. We must have observance of law. We must have enforcement of law. The very existence of the government depends upon this. The substitution of private will for public law is only another name for oppression, disorder, anarchy and the mob rule.

Every government depends upon the loyalty and respect of its citizens. Violations of the law weaken and threaten government itself. No honest government can condone such actions on the part of its citizens. The republican party pledges the full strength of the government for the maintenance of these principles by the enforcement of the constitution and of all laws.

DEMOCRATIC.

Adopted at New York, June 29. We, the representatives of the democratic party, in national convention assembled, pay our profound homage to the memory of Woodrow Wilson. Our hearts are filled with gratitude that American democracy should have produced this man, whose spirit and influence will live on through the ages; and that it was our privilege to have co-operated with him in the advancement of ideals of government which will serve as an example and inspiration for this and future generations. We affirm our abiding faith in those ideals, and pledge ourselves to take up the standard which he bore and to strive for the full triumph of the principles of democracy to which he dedicated his life.

Democratic Privileges.

The democratic party believes in equal rights to all and special privilege to none. The re publican party holds that special privileges are essential to national prosperity. It believes that national prosperity must originate with the special interests and seep down through the channels of trade to the less favored industries, to the wage earners and small-salaried employes. It has accordingly enthroned privilege and nurtured selfishness. The republican party is concerned chiefly with material things: the democratic party is concerned chiefly with human rights. The masses, burdened by discriminating laws and unjust administration. are demanding relief. The favored special interests, represented by just privileges, are demanding that no change the republican party, contented with their unbe made. The democratic party stands for remedial legislation and progress. The republican party stands still.

Comparison of Parties.

We urge the American people to compare the record of eight unsullied years of democratic administration with that of the republican ad

no directed against those

ministration. In the former there was corruption. Party pledges were faithfully fulfilled and a democratic congress enacted an extraordinary number of constructive and remedial laws.

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who expose crime

rather than against criminals who have committed the offenses. If only three cabinet officers out of ten are disgraced the country is asked to marvel at how many are free from taint.

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The economic life of the nation was quickA federal Long boastful that it was the only party fit to Tariff taxes were reduced. govern." the republican party has ened. trade commission was created. A federal farm Child labor leg- proved its inability to govern even itself. As an agency of govloan system was established. is at war with itself. This naA good roads bill was islation was enacted. A ernment it has ceased to function. were adopted. tion cannot afford to intrust its welfare to a passed. Eight-hour laws secretary of labor was given a seat in the political organization that cannot master itcabinet of the president. To retain The Clayton amendment to the Sherman anti-self, or to an executive whose policies have in power an administration of this character trust act was passed, freeing American labor been rejected by his own party. and taking it from the category of commodidisorder. internal dissension continued ties. By the Smith-Lever bill improvement would inevitably result in four years more of of agricultural conditions was effected. A well-con- governmental inefficiency. A vote for Coolidge is a vote for chaos! rupt practices act was adopted. Federal Issues. sidered warehouse act was passed. employment bureaus were created, farm loan and the federal The dominant issues of the campaign are banks were organized created by existing conditions. serve system was established. A corrupt lobby Dishonesty, discrimination, extravagance and The burdens Privilege was uprooted. A high- inefficiency exist in government. Diswas driven from the national capital. become unbearable. of taxation have er sense of individual and national duty was aroused. America enjoyed an unprecedented tress and bankruptcy in agriculture, the basic industry of our country, is affecting the happeriod of social and material progress. piness and prosperity of the whole people. The high cost of living is causing hardship and unrest.

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During the time which intervened between the inauguration of a democratic administration on March 4, 1913, and our entrance into the world war we placed upon the statute books of our country more effective, construetive and remedial legislation than the republican party had placed there in a generation.

During the great struggle which followed we had a leadership that carried America to greater heights of honor and power and glory than she had ever known before in her entire

history.

Transition from this period of exalted democratic leadership to the sordid record of the last three and a half years makes the nation ashamed. It marks the contrast between a high conception of public service and an avid purpose to distribute spoils.

Republican Inefficiency and Corruption. Never before in our history has the govtainted by corruption and ernment been so never has an administration so utterly failed. The nation has been appalled by the revela tions of political depravity which have characterized the conduct of public affairs. for atWe arraign the republican party tempting to limit inquiry into official delinquencies and to impede, if not to frustrate, the investigations to which in the beginning the republican party and leaders assented, but which later they regarded with dismay.

These investigations sent the former secretary of the interior to Three Rivers in disThese investigations regrace and dishonor. vealed the incapacity and indifference to public obligation of the secretary of the navy, compelling him, by force of public opinion, These investigations conto quit the cabinet. firmed the general impression as to the unfitness of the attorney-general by exposing an official situation and personal contacts which shocked the conscience of the nation and compelled his dismissal from the cabinet.

These investigations disclosed the appalling conditions of the veterans' bureau, with its fraud upon the government, and its cruel neglect of the sick and disabled soldiers of the world war. These investigations revealed the criminal and fraudulent nature of the oil leases, which caused the congress, despite the indifference of the executive, to direct recovery of the public domain and the prosecution of the criminal.

Such are the exigencies of partisan politics the teaching leaders are that republican strange doctrine that public censure should be

The slowing down of industry is adding to The tariff, the destructhe general distress. tion of our foreign markets and the high cost of transportation are taking the profit out of agriculture, mining and other raw-material industries. Large standing armies and the cost of preparing for war still cast their burThese conditions the dens upon humanity. existing republican administration has proved itself unwilling or unable to redress.

The democratic party pledges itself to the following program:

Honest Government.

We pledge the democratic party to drive from public places all who make barter of our national honor, its resources or the adto punish those ministration of its laws; guilty of these offenses. To put none but the honest in public office; to practice economy in the expenditure of reverence and respect the public money: to rights of all under the constitution. To condemn and destroy government by the spy and the blackmailer, as by this republican administration was both encouraged and practiced.

Tariff and Taxation.

is the The Fordney-McCumber tariff act It most unjust, unscientific and dishonest tariff tax measure ever enacted in our history. is class legislation, which defrauds all the people for the benefit of a few: it heavily increases the cost of living, penalizes agriculture, corrupts the government, fosters paternalism, and, in the long run, does not benefit tariff laws We denounce the republican the very interests for which it was enacted. which are written in great part in aid of monopolies, and thus prevent that reasonable exchange of commodities which would enable foreign countries to buy our surplus agricultural and manufactured products with sultant benefit to the toilers and producers of on the basis America. Trade interchange, of reciprocal advantages to the countries parWe declare our party's position ticipating, is a time-honored doctrine of democratic faith. to be in favor of a tax on commodities eneffective tering the custom houses that will promote competition, protect against nopoly and at the same time produce a fair revenue to support the government.

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The greatest contributing factor in the 1:

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crease and unbalancing of prices is unscientific taxation. After having increased taxation and the cost of living by $2,000,000,000. under the Fordney McCumber tariff, all that the republican party could suggest in the way of relief was a cut of $300,000,000 in direct taxes; and that was to be given principally to those with the largest incomes.

Although there was no evidence of a lack of capital for investment to meet the present requirements of all legitimate industrial enterprises, and although the farmers and genwere bearing the brunt of eral consumers tariff favors already granted to special in terests, the administration was unable to de: vise any plan except one to grant further aid to the few.

Fortunately this plan of the administration failed, and, under democratic leadership, aided by progressive republicans, a more equitable one was adopted, which reduced direct taxes by about $450,000,000.

(c) The republican policy of high transportation rates, both rail and water, which has made it impossible for the farmer to ship his produce to market at even a living profit. To offset these policies and their disastrous results, and to restore the farmer again to economic equality with other industrialists, we pledge ourselves:

(a) To adopt an international policy of such co-operation, by direct official instead of indirect and evasive unofficial means, as will re-establish the farmers' export market by restoring the industrial balance in Europe and the normal flow of international trade with the settlement of Europe's economic problems. (b) To adjust the tariff so that the farmer and all other classes can buy again in a competitive manufacturers' market.

(c) To readjust and lower rail and water rates, which will make our markets, both for the buyer and the seller, national and international instead of regional and local.

(d) To bring about the early completion of internal waterway systems for transportation, and to develop our water powers for cheaper fertilizer and use on our farms.

The issue between the president and the democratic party is not one of tax reduction It is an or of the conservation of capital. issue of the relative burden of taxation and (e) To stimulate by every proper governof the distribution of capital as affected by The president still mental activity the progress of the co-operathe taxation of income. tive marketing movement and the establishstands on the so-called Mellon plan, which or ment of an export marketing corporation or his party has just refused to indorse commission in order that the exportable surmention in its platform. plus may not establish the price of the whole crop.

The income tax was intended as a tax upon wealth. It was not intended to take from the poor any part of the necessities of life. We hold that the fairest tax with which to raise revenues for the federal government is the income tax.

We favor a graduated tax upon incomes, so adjusted as to lay the burdens of government upon the taxpayers in proportion to the benefits they enjoy and their ability to pay. nuisance taxes. We oppose the so-called sales taxes, and all other forms of taxation that unfairly shift to the consumer the burdens of taxation.

We refer to the democratic revenue measure passed by the last congress, as distinguished from the Mellon tax plan, as an illustration We of the policy of the democratic party. first made a flat reduction of 25 per cent upon the tax of all incomes payable this year, and then we so changed the proposed Mellon plan as to eliminate taxes upon the poor, reducing them upon moderate incomes and, in a lesser degree, upon the incomes of multimillionaires. We hold that all taxes are unnecessarily high, and pledge ourselves to further reductions.

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We denounce the Mellon tax plan as a de. vice to relieve multimillionaires at the pense of other taxpayers, and we accept the tendered by President

of taxation

issue Coolidge.

Agriculture.

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(f) To secure for the farmer credits suitable for his needs.

(g) By the establishment of these policies and others naturally supplementary thereto, to reduce the margin between what the producer receives for his products and the consumer has to pay for his supplies, to the end that we secure an equality for agriculture.

Railroads.

The sponsors for the Esch-Cummins transportation act of 1920, at the time of its presentation to congress, stated that it had for its purpose the reduction of the cost of transportation, the improvement of service, the bettering of labor conditions, the promotion of peaceful co-operation between employer and employe, and, at the same time, the assurance of a fair and just return to the railroads upon their investment.

We are in accord with these announced purposes, but contend that the act has failed to accomplish them. It has failed to reduce the ment in service has not been realized. The cost of transportation. The promised improvelabor provisions of the act have proven unsatisfactory in settling differences between em-, ployer and employes. The so-called recapture clause has worked to the advantage of the strong and has been of no benefit to the weak.

The pronouncement in the act for the development of both rail and water transportaDuring the four years of republican govern- tion has proved futile. Water transportation upon our inland waterways has not been enment the economic condition of the American farmer has changed from comfort to bank-couraged, and limitation of our coastwise trade is threatened by the administration of the act. ruptcy, with all its attendant miseries. It has unnecessarily interfered with the power chief causes of this are: of the states to regulate purely intrastate transportation. It must, therefore, be so rewritten that the high purposes which the public welfare demands may be accomplished.

(a) The republican policy of isolation in international affairs has prevented Europe from getting back to its normal balance, and, by leaving unsolved the economic problems abroad, has driven the European city popula tion from industrial activities to the soil in large numbers in order to earn the mere necessities of life. This has deprived the American farmer of his normal export trade,

(b) The republican policy of a prohibitive tariff, exemplified in the Fordney-McCumber law, which has forced the American farmer, with his export market debilitated, to buy manufactured goods at sustained high domestic 1s, thereby making him the victim of the

er.

Railroad freight rates should be so readjusted as to give the bulky, basic, low-priced raw commodities, such as agricultural products, coal and ores, the lowest rates, placing the higher rates upon more valuable and less bulky manufactured products.

Muscle Shoals and Fertilizer. We reaffirm and pledge the fulfillment of the policy, with reference to Muscle Shoals, as declared and passed by the democratic majority of the 64th congress in the national defense

act of 1916, for the production of nitrates establishment of game preserves and the proor other products needed for munitions of tection and conservation of wild life are of war and useful in the manufacture of fertiliz- importance to agriculturists as well as sportsers."

We hold that the production of cheaper and higher grade fertilizers is essential to agricultural prosperity. We demand prompt action by congress for the operation of Muscle Shoals plants to maximum capacity in the production. distribution and sale of commercial fertilizers to the farmers of the country, and we oppose any legislation that limits the production of fertilizers at Muscle Shoals by limiting the amount of power to be used in their manufacture.

Republican Contraction of Credit and
Currency.

We denounce the recent cruel and unjust contraction of legitimate and necessary credit and currency, which was directly due to the socalled deflation policy of the republican party as declared in its national platform of June, 1920, and in the speech of acceptance of its candidate for the presidency.

Within eighteen months after the election of 1920 this policy resulted in withdrawing bank loans and discounts by over five billions of dollars and in contracting our currency by over fifteen hundred millions of dollars. This contraction bankrupted hundreds of thousands of farmers and stock growers in America and resulted in widespread industrial depression and unemployment.

We demand that the federal reserve system be so administered as to give stability to industry, commerce and finance, as was intended by the democratic party, which gave the fed

eral reserve system to the nation.

Reclamation.

The democratic party was foremost in urging reclamation for the immediate arid and semiarid lands of the west. These lands are located in the public-land states and, therefore, it is the duty of the government to utilize their resources by reclamation.

Homestead entrymen under reclamation projects have suffered from the extravagant inefficiencies and mistakes of the federal government.

The reclamation act of 1924, recommended by the fact-finding commission and added as an amendment to the second deficiency appropriation bill at the last session of congress, was eliminated from that bill by the republican conferees in the report they presented to congress one hour before adjournment. The democratic party pledges itself actively, efficiently and economically to carry on the reclamation projects and to make equitable adjustment for the mistakes the government has made.

Conservation.

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Our disappearing natural resources of timber calls for a national policy of reforestation. Improved Highways.

Improved roads are of vital importance, not only to commerce and industry, but also to agriculture and rural life. We call attention to the record of the democratic party in this matter and favor a continuance of federal aid under existing federal and state agencies. Mining.

Mining is one of the basic industries of this country. We produce more coal, iron, copper and silver than any other country. The value of our mineral production is second only to agriculture. Mining has suffered like agriculture, and from the same causes It is the duty of our government to foster this industry and to remove the restrictions that destroy its prosperity.

Regulation of Corporations Controlling

Necessaries of Life.

We pledge the democratic party to regulate by governmental agencies the anthracite coal industry and all other corporations controlling the necessaries of life, where public welfare has been subordinated to private interests. Merchant Marine.

The democratic party condemns the vacillating policy of the republican administration shipping policy. There has been a marked dein its failure to develop an American flag crease in the volume of American commerce carried in American vessels as compared to the record under a democratic administration,

We oppose as illogical and unsound all efforts to overcome by subsidies the handicaps to American shipping and commerce imposed by the republican policies.

We condemn the practice of certain American railroads in favoring foreign ships, and pledge ourselves to correct such discriminations. We declare for an American-owned merchant marine, American built, and manned by American crews, which is essential for naval security in war and is a protection to the American farmer and manufacturer against excessive ocean freight charges on products of farm and factory.

We declare the government should own and operate such ships as will insure the accomplishment of these purposes and to continue such operation as long as it may be necessary without obstructing the development and growth of a privately owned American flag shipping.

Education.

We pledge recovery of the navy's oil reserves We believe with Thomas Jefferson and other and all other parts of the public domain which founders of the republic that ignorance is the have been fraudulently or illegally leased or enemy of freedom, and that each state, being otherwise wrongfully transferred to the con- responsible for the intellectual and moral qualtrol of private interests: vigorous prosecu-ifications of its citizens and for the expendition of all public officials, private citizens ture of the moneys collected by taxation for and corporations that participated in these the support of its schools, shall use its sover. transactions; revision of the water power act, eign right in all matters pertaining to educathe general leasing act and all other legislation. tion relating to the public domain that may be essential to its conservation and honest and efficient use on behalf of the people of the country.

We believe that the nation should retain title to its water power and we favor the expeditious creation and development of our water power. We favor strict public control and conservation of all the nation's natural resources, such as coal, iron, oil and timber. and their use in such manner as may be to the best interest of our citizens.

The conservation of migratory birds, the

The federal government should offer to the states such counsel, advice and aid as may be made available through the federal agencies view of our national needs. for the general improvement of our schools in

Civil Service.

We denounce the action of the republican administration in its violations of the principles of civil service by its partisan removals and manipulation of the eligible lists in the postoffice department and other governmental departments; by its packing the civil service

commission so that that commission became the servile instrument of the administration in its wish to deny to the ex-service men their preferential rights under the law and the evasion of the requirements of the law with reference to appointments in the department.

We pledge the democratic party faithfully to comply with the spirit as well as the regulation of civil service; to extend its provisions to internal revenue officers and to other employes of the government not in executive positions and to secure to ex-service men preference in such appointments.

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We favor generous appropriations, honest management and sympathetic care and sistance in the hospitalization, rehabilitation and compensation of veterans of all wars and the The humanizing of their dependents. veterans' bureau is imperatively required.

Campaign Contributions. The nation now knows that the predatory interests have, by supplying republican campaign funds, systematically purchased legislative favors and administrative immunity. The practice must stop: our nation must return to honesty and decency in politics.

Elections are public affairs conducted for the sole purpose of ascertaining the will of the sovereign voters. Therefore, we demand that national elections shall hereafter be kept free from the poison of excessive private contributions.

To this end we favor reasonable means of publicity, at public expense. 80 that candidates. properly before the people for federal offices, may present their claims at a minimum of cost. Such publicity should precede the primary and the election.

We favor the prohibition of individual contributions. direct and indirect. to the campaign funds of congressmen, senators or presidential candidates, bevond a reasonable sum to be fixed in the law. for both individual contributions and total expenditures, with requirements for full publicity.

We advocate a complete revision of the corrupt practices act to prevent Newberryism and the election evils disclosed by recent investigations.

Narcotics.

Recognizing in narcotic addiction, especially the spreading of heroin addiction among the youth, a grave peril to America and to the human race. we pledge ourselves vigorously to take against it all legitimate and proper measures for education, for control and for suppression at home and abroad.

Law Enforcement.

The republican administration has failed to enforce the prohibition law, is guilty of trafficking in liquor permits and has become the protector of violators of this law.

The democratic party pledges itself to respect and enforce the constitution and all laws.

The Rights of the States.

We demand that the states of the union shall be preserved in all their vigor and power. They constitute a bulwark against the centralizing and destructive tendencies of the republican party.

We condemn the efforts of the republican party to nationalize the functions and duties of the states.

We oppose the extension of bureaucracy, the creation of unnecessary bureaus and federal agencies, and the multiplication of offices and officeholders.

We demand a revival of the spirit of local self-government essential to the preservation of the free institutions of our republic. Asiatic Immigration.

We pledge ourselves to maintain our established position in favor of the exclusion of Asiatic immigration.

Philippine Independence.

The Filipino people have succeeded in maintaining a stable government and have thus fulfilled the only condition laid down by congress as a prerequisite to the granting of independence. We declare that it is now our liberty and our duty to keep our promise to these people by granting them immediately the independence which they so honorably covet.

Alaska.

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