Descartes: "By the word attribute is meant something which is immovable and inseparable from the essence of its subject, as that which constitutes it."

Imperial Dictionary: "Any property, quality, or characteristic that can be ascribed to a person or thing."

Zell's Encyclopædia: "It properly signifies a quality or property ascribed or belonging to a person or thing."

Murray's New English Dictionary: "A quality or character considered to belong to or be inherent in a person or thing; a characteristic quality."

Aristotle: "An accident . . . is . . . that which is inherent in something."

$765. BEING-Webster: "Existence, as opposed to nonexistence. That which exists in any form, whether it be material, or spiritual, actual or ideal; living existence, as distinguished from a thing without life; as a human being."

Murray's New English Dictionary: 1. Existence, the fact of belonging to the universe of things material or immaterial." "Life, physical existence." 2. Existence in some relation of place or condition." 3. "Existence viewed as a property possessed by anything; substance, constitution, nature."

§ 766. BRAIN-Webster: "The seat of consciousness and volition." "The organ or seat of intellect; hence the understanding."

§ 767. COMPOSITE—Webster: "Made of different parts or elements, compounded."

Century Dictionary: "Mode of distinct parts or elements; compounded, especially, so compounded as to manifest diversity of origin or make up."

$768. CORPOREAL-Webster: "Having a body; consisting of a material body or substance; material; opposed to spiritual, or immaterial."

Century Dictionary: "Of a material or physical nature; having the characteristics of a material body; not mental or spiritual in constitution."

1 Fleming's Vocabulary of Philosophy, p. 57, 58.

2 Metaphysics, Bohn's Classical Library, Book IV.,chap. 30, p.155, Ed.1859.

§ 769. DEATH-Webster: “The cessation of all vital phenomena, without capability of resuscitation, either in animals or plants."

§ 770. ELEMENT-Webster: "One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which any thing consists.

Century Dictionary: "That of which any thing is in part compounded, which exists in it, and which is itself not decomposable into parts of different kinds; a fundamental or ultimate part or principle; hence, in general, any component part; any constitutional part or principle." "A kind of matter undecomposable into other kinds." "There are about seventy elements at present (1889) recognized by chemists."

Aristotle:

The last parts into which bodies can be divided . . . The elements of every being are its constituent principles."

Johnson's Dictionary: "The first or constituent principle of anything."

The Standard Dictionary: "A component or essential part; especially, a simple part of anything complex; a constituent, ingredient."

Murray's New English Dictionary: "A component part of a complex whole." "One of the simple substances of which all material bodies are compounded."

§ 771. ENTITY-Webster: "A real being, . . . essence, existence.

Century Dictionary: "Being; in this its original sense, the abstract noun corresponds to the concrete Ens.”

Fleming's Vocabulary of Philosophy: "Any thing that exists as an object of sense or of thought."

Murray's New English Dictionary: "1. Being, existence, as opposed to non-existence; the existence as distinguished from the qualities or relations of anything." "2. That which constitutes the being of a thing; essence, essential nature." 3. Concerning something that has a real existence; an Ens, as distinguished from a mere function, attribute, relation, etc."

1 Metaphysics, lib. 4, chap. 3.

66

Zell's Encyclopædia: Essence; existence; being; substance; a real being or species of being."

Aristotle: "That which subsists as true is entity, and that which subsists as false is nonentity." "The first entity. signifies substance."

§ 772. ESCHATOLOGY-Century Dictionary: "The doctrine of the last or of final things. . . . The topics which belong theologically to eschatology are death, immortality, the resurrection, the second coming of Christ, the millennium, the judgment, and the future state of existence."

§ 773. ESSENCE-Webster: "The constitutional qualities which belong to any object, or class of objects, or on which they depend for being what they are." "A being conceived by the mind and forming an object of thought; a purely spiritual being; an existent being." "The predominant qualities or virtues of a plant or drug, extracted and refined from grosser matter."

Century Dictionary: "The inward nature, true substance, or constitution of a thing."

Imperial Dictionary: “Existence, the quality of being." "A being, an existent person." "Species of being." Species of being." "Constituent substance."

The Greeks had but one word for essence and substance. (ousia).3

§ 774. FACULTY-Dr. Reid: "The word faculty is most properly applied to those powers of the mind which are original and natural, and which makes part of the constitution of the mind." "

4

§ 775. FORCE-Webster: "Any action between two bodies which changes, or tends to change, their relative condition as to rest or motion."

Standard Dictionary:

Any cause that produces, stops, changes, or tends to produce, stop, or change the motion of a body."

1Metaphysics, Bohn's Classical Library, Book V., Chap. 4. p. 165. 2 Ibid., p. 166.

3 Fleming's Vocabulary of Philosophy, p. 169. 4 Ibid., p. 155.

I.

Century Dictionary: 1. "In general, strength, physical or mental, material or spiritual; active power, vigor, might." 2. "Power exerted against will or consent; compulsory power; coercion, violence."

Fleming's Vocabulary of Philosophy: "Force is an energy of power which has a tendency to move a body at rest, or to affect or stop the progress of a body already in motion."

Says the distinguished German philosopher, F. K. C. L. Büchner: "No matter without force; no force without matter." B. Stewart and P. G. Tait: "We have, as yet, absolutely no proof whatever that force proper has objective existence.'

§ 776. IMMATERIAL-Webster: "1. Not consisting of matter, incorporeal, spiritual." "2. Of no essential consequence; without weight or significance; unimportant."

Century Dictionary: "Not consisting of matter; not material." § 777. INCORPOREAL-Webster: "Not corporeal; not consisting of matter; not having a material body; immaterial." Century Dictionary: "Not corporeal; not consisting of matter, or not having a material body; immaterial."

Dr. Joseph Priestly: "If the sentient principle in man be immaterial, it can have no extension.'

994

§ 778. INORGANIC-Webster: "Not organic; without the organs necessary for life, . . . lifeless."

Century Dictionary: “Not having that organization which characterizes living bodies."

Standard Dictionary: "Devoid of organized physical structure; not being or having been a living organism; not organic; as, minerals are inorganic."

$779. LAWS-Webster: "The regular method or sequence by which certain phenomena follow certain conditions, or causes, etc.; any force, tendency, propension, or instinct, natural or acquired."

$780. LIFE-Webster: "The potential principle, or force,

1 Fleming's Vocabulary of Philosophy, p. 200.

2 Force and Matter, p. 195.

3 The Unseen Universe, p. 104.

4 Rees' Cyclopædia, Vol. XXXIII., under soul.

by which the organs of animals and plants are started and continued in the performance of their several and coöperative functions; the vital force."

§ 781. MATERIAL- Webster: "Consisting of matter; not spiritual, corporeal, physical, as material substance, material bodies."

Century Dictionary: "Consisting of matter; of physical nature, not spiritual."

Zell's Encyclopædia and Dictionary: "Consisting of matter; corporeal; bodily; substantial; physical." Anything composed of matter; the sustance or matter of which anything is made, or may be made."

Imperial Dictionary: "Anything composed of matter or possessing the fundamental properties of matter, the substance or matter of which anything is made."

Rees' Cyclopædia, Vol. 22: "Something composed of matter, in which sense the word stands opposed to immaterial."

§ 782. MATTER— Webster: "That of which anything is composed; constituent substance: material." "Anything which has extension," or "occupies space."

Brande's Encyclopædia of Science: "Substance."

Century Dictionary: "Sensible substance; that which offers resistance to touch or muscular effort; that which can be moved, strained, broken, comminuted, or otherwise modified; but which cannot be destroyed or produced; that which reacts against forces, is permanent, and preserves its identity under all changes. Matter has three states, . . . the solid, the liquid, and the gaseous."

Stonemonth's English Dictionary: "That which occupies space, body; that which is visible or tangible; that of which anything is composed."

Imperial Dictionary: "Body; substance extended; anything perceptible by any of the senses; that of which the whole sensible universe is composed. The Encyclopaedic Dictionary the

same.

Fleming's Vocabulary of Philosophy: "Matter . . . is that