For the Ohio Cultivator. Hams, Shoulders and Lard. I promised to make some remarks on the articles above-mentioned. and Shoulders. method of smoking. Neither hams, shoulders or has been dried from the surface. LEWIS F. ALLEN. Black Rock, N. Y. January, 1845. EXTRACTS FROM AN ADDRESS Delivered before the Hamilton County Agricultu ral Society, Sept. 20, 1844, BY WM. H. H. TAYLOR, OF CINCINNATI, 0. But the zeal of our American breeders is not work will be put to press to be delivered to subaltogether lost. A considerable number of en-scribers by the first day of June ensuing. The insertion of this notice is respectfully reterprizing and spirited gentlemen have manifestd strongly their desire that the work shall proceed; quested in the Agricultural papers generally, one I can give the Western people no better know- and with characteristic liberality proposed such of which to be sent to me, for which a copy of the book will be presented, and any gentlemen ledge than they now possess as to curing Hamsa patronage as shall procure its publication. I propose, therefore, to commence the compila- who feel an interest in this subject will do a favor The sugar cured hams from Ohio are equal to any hams that I have ever yet rial shall be transmitted to me for a commence- to any neighboring breeder of short horns, who tion of the Herd Book as soon as sufficient mate- by giving information of this proposed publication seen, and compare favorably with the best European. Heavy hams or shoulders, or those with ment; and I now request all those gentlemen may not otherwise obtain it. large, coarse and long shank, will not sell as who wish their animals registered, to make out well as those of medium size. One defect I no- all necessary references, and particulars that may plain and distinct pedigrees of their stock, with tice sometimes, and that arises from the bad be important, touching their lineage; and if forbacon should be smoked until all the moisture eign animals, the date of their importation, and by whom made, together with such other facts as There is very little improvement to be made upon the best will best illustrate their history, &c. It is to be cured Ohio hams. I had a small lot last Spring establish pedegrees, but to perpetuate them; and observed that the object of this work is not to which were cured at Chillicothe, and finer hams Shelter for Farm Stock in winter.-In recent were never put into any man's larder. I did not whose purity of blood is not properly sustained, been painfully impressed that too little attention it may at once be remarked, that any animal rambles through the county of Hamilton, I have learn the man's name who put them up; othercannot be admitted within its pages. The Engwise I should have written to him for his method, lish Herd Book was first published in 1822. Pre- is paid to the protection of stock from the inclemand for a good supply of his hams next spring. vious to that time, and for a few years immediate-ency of the weather. Not one farmer, within my Shoulders are not so much sought after as hams, but still, when well cured and smoked, they will the best families of well descended short horns in of sheds and barns to preserve from suffering his ly following, many valuable animals from among knowledge, is provided with a sufficient number be consumed. The packing season being over for this year, I have not thought it worth while England were imported into America, whose sheep, hogs, and other cattle, from the product of to go much into the subject at this time, as annames and pedigrees are not to be found in its which he reaps so many pecuniary advantages, columns. other year's experience might enable me to make Many breeders in England, not then and so much solid comfort. It is an erroneous suggestions which would be useful. appreciating the value of such a work, neglected idea, that such animals are provided by nature The same remark will hold good as to lard. to register their cattle; and these remained thus with sufficient protection from the inclemency of I have made an effort this winter to introduce unnoticed in many instances, altogether, and in the seasons. Sheep are generally thought to sufbladdered lard, and have succeeded much better others, until the supplementary volumes were than I expected. If the bladder is properly cured published. The descendants of those importa- fer less from cold, than any other animal; but it and bleached, and then filled with good hard tions, preserved in their purity, and their history is a mistake. No animal is more easily affected leaf lard, it makes the nicest package that can all cases where references cannot be made direct- from the effect of exposure; and when once a properly authenticated, will be admitted. But in by it, and few, if any, liable to as many diseases be used. Great care is necessary, however, in sending to market, else the bladders are liable 1y to the English Herd Book, such facts and ref- flock becomes diseased, it will require more to to be burst. They should be packed in tierces, named beyond dispute, will be necessary to ac- them in. In addition to the loss of time and monerences as will place the lineage of the animals cure them than the barn would have cost to house not larger than those used for flax seed, and well filled in with oat hulls, or perhaps bran, company the registry. though I have never seen bran tried. In one particular, this will differ from the Eng-ly lessened both in wool and offspring. So it ey in curing the diseases, the yield will be greatIn time for the next season, I will give the lish registry. That work has neither note nor comment. To all but the initated in Short-horn- may be said of all the animals generally found upnecessary directions for preparing the bladders. lore, the pages of the Herd Book are as a sealed on a farm. Without proper care and attention, When lard is put up for family consumption, volume in all that relates to their origin, history, they will become a burthen instead of a source of it should never be mixed, especially that from southern Ohio; the leaf should be sent by itself, often inserted without any reference whatever, tion and comfort may be put up at a trifling exand present condition. Names of animals are profit. The necessary buildings for their protecand so branded, otherwise it is too soft, and the whole sells for little or no better price than in- them as "Herd Book Cattle." It will be other- sing from housed to unhoused stock. apparently for no other purpose than to establish pense, when compared with the greater profit aripackage, whether kegs or barrels, though on will accompany pedigrees as they may occur, wise in this. Interesting facts and illustrations should not only be protected from the inclement many accounts barrels are preferable, especially throwing light and information, such as to place weather, but their food should be given to them in if intended for shipment abroad. But you shall every thing relating to this noble breed of cattle such a way as to make it easy of digestion, and hear from me again upon the matter, especially in the most attractive form, and develope in the thereby improve their condition, and enable them if I am favored with any specimens. best manner their advantages to the American better to withstand labor. Your oxen should receive the same nourishing food that you give to the subscriber, either personally, or by correspon- may not be necessary, yet nutritious food should In all cases where the parties are unknown to your horses, and although the same kind of food dence, they will please to give the name of some be regularly given to every animal from which the distinguished breeder, or citizen of their own, or farmer requires labor. And that farmer who pays a neighboring State as a reference. This is not required through any suspicion of the entire in- proper attention to his stock of all kinds, is more tegrity of any gentleman who may offer his cat- than doubly paid for his outlay and trouble in the tection of each one who desires a true and un-stock, which will always command the highest tle for registry, but as a rule for the mutual increase of healthy offspring and more saleable impeachable record of short horns, (as far as it price. goes,) in America. ferior lard. It makes little difference as to the The prospect for a good market is better than it was last year at this time. There was not as much pork made in Western New York, this fall, by full one third, as there was last year, and much of that has gone East this Winter, and been consumed fresh, so that on the opening of navigation, the market in this region will be unusually bare of hams, shoulders and lard. I will take this occasion to say to any and all of your readers, that if I can be of any service to them in any way or manner, I shall be most happy to serve them, and the only compensation I will ask, is to be free from the postage. Sincerely yours, T. C. PETERS. Buffalo, Feb. 14, 1845. An American Herd Book. farmer. pro They Deterioration of soils by the "skinning sysAs the magnitude of the work (in pages,) will tem."-The Farmers in newly settled countries not be known till the materials are all collected: seem to forget that the fertility which gives them the price cannot be exactly stated; but at all great crops is the accumulation of ages, and they events it will not exceed three dollars per copy, as act as though it was inexhaustible. They do not noted in the prospectus last May, deliverable as consider that land, like everything else, will wear there stated. To the Breeders of Short Horn Cattle in the U. S. In the month of May last, I proposed, through the columns of the Cultivator and American Agriculturist in New York, to publish an American Herd Pook, provided a sufficient demand for a work of that kind should be made in the manner there indicated. At the time I wrote the proposition I had little confidence that it would be met with any general zeal, or approbation even, by York, who will duly forward them to me. The ing with fertility have become poor and sterile. the breeders of short horns throughout the coun- terms for registry will be one dollar for a single And even in many of those States whose admistry; and in this I have not been disappointed. animal; and fifty cents each for any larger num- sion into this glorious Union is still fresh in the It is apparent that a lethargy prevades too many ber; to persons having 10 or more animals, with memories of many of us, we already hear of exof our once spirited cattle breeders on the vitally simple pedigrees, a liberal deduction will be made important subject of preserving, in an enduring from this last price, according to number; the hausted fertility and worn out lands, and the inform the genealogies of their individual herds; a money to be enclosed with the pedigrees. Ac- habitants of those States in countless numbers are course, which, if persisted in, will ultimately companying the pedigrees, the number of vol- pushing to the Far West in search of new and lead not only to their destruction, but to a large umes subscribed for is also requested. virgin soils, which, under a bad system of manpecuniary loss to themselves, and awaken, when agement, they may in turn feed upon and extoo late, deep and lasting regrets. haust. All pedigrees, &c., are requested to be trans-out by bad husbandry; and that it is the duty, as mitted, (if by mail, post paid,) to me at Black well as the interest, of the husbandman to endeaRock, N. Y., or if more convenient to the parties, vor to preserve and to perpetuate its fertility.to A. B. Allen, at the office of the American Agri- Their system is that of exhaustion. The lamenculturist, 205 Broadway, New York City, or to table effects of this system arc seen all along the Caleb N. Bement, American Hotel, Albany, New Atlantic border, where large districts once teem All papers to be forwarded as soon as possible; at all events, before the first of April next, as the Agricultural Societies.-" Among the great variety of methods adopted to improve the interest of the farmers, there is not one calling more loudly for your support and encouragement than Agri cultural Societies. As I consider this article already too tedious, I will close, though the subject is by no means exhausted. Yours, &c., B. SUMMERS. contrivance. We will give more information about it as soon as The Bee Moth.-(Galleria cereana.) "The deterioration of lands by constantly crop-stroying the various predatory insects that prey up-to perfection, in regard to bee management. It ping, without returning to them the means of fer- on his crops; with all the most approved reme- adopts the main features of Weeks and other tility, is as inevitable as is the starvation of ani dies for diseases which beset and destroy his live late improvements; and in addition, is made in mals from whom we withhold the food necessary stock. In short, a good agricultural paper, con- two parts; so constructed as to be taken apart to their existence. The augmentation of fertility tributed to by practical and scientific farmers, will longitudinally, and a new half added at pleasure. by draining, manuring, and alternating crops, is be of service to you in so many points of view, is full enough to swarm, is taken apart in the On this plan, a colony about to swarm, or which matter of as equal certainty. You possess the that I am unable to enumerate them. It is a store-middle-a new half added to each, and the remeans, you have abundant examples to guide house of actual knowledge, from whose ample sult is two hives half full, in which each half of you in their application, and if you will but exer- portals the best of farmers may always draw some- the colony immediately go to work, and all the cise intelligence, industry, and perseverance, you thing new and useful; for its contents are made trouble of hiving, watching and losses of swarms will preserve fertility in your soils. up of the best opinions and practices, the best re- going off avoided. Mr. Silas Woods, Henrietta, sults of the most careful observations and accurate Lorain county, can be referred to for further information on this point, being the patentee for experiments of all the best farmers of the world. that county. * I will only add a remark made by one who is no less skilled in agriculture than in the science of law, that "while agricultural papers are among "Look for a moment at the miserable state of the cheapest periodicals of the day, no farmer of agriculture in England and Scotland, from the common intelligence can peruse one conducted time of the union of those two countries to the with ordinary ability, without being actually benclose of the American war. No improvements of efitted, even in a pecuniary point of view, to an consequence took place, except the introduction amount at least ten-fold greater than the price of of the drill system by Tull and the practice of his subscription." Bakewell in improving sheep. But since that time to the present, the advancement of the rural art in all its various branches has been steady and rapid; and at this day, whole districts, which were, ted those who have been successful in managing MR. BATEHAM:-In your last No., you requesat the close of the American war, considered barBees, to communicate to you information on that ren wastes, are now yielding luxuriant crops.subject. Premising that I cannot tell of as profThere are many causes to which this change might itable a result as your correspondent at Oberlin, be attributed, but to none more justly than to Ag-permit me to say I have found the business profricultural Societies for the improvement of the itable and agreeable for many years. Till within rural art. Our Society is instituted for the pur- a few years I used box and gum hives of the old pose of improving this noble art, and the benefits fashion, and had no difficulty with the moths or arising from its operations, if well conducted, must be manifest to all. I call then upon you, farmers of Hamilton county, to aid us. Throw aside those prejudices which you have so long entertained, and give this Society a fair opportunity to accomplish the object of its formation. You are bound by every principle of patriotism to sustain it.Your own interests will be greatly enhanced, and the good effects of it will be felt and highly appreciated by all classes of the community. For the Ohio Cultivator. Bees and Bee Hives. Miller, or perfect Young worm with Full grown worm Having directed the attention of our readers to the subject of Bees, and spoken of the injury done by the Miller or worm we have thought that particular account of the habits and appearance of this destructive insect, would be found interesting as well as useful; we therefore exhibit the above portraits, and copy the following remarks from Harris' Treatise on Insects: worms. In 1842 they commenced their depredations in good earnest, and taking advantage of my long confinement by sickness, during which a time, the bees were unattended to, some six or eight colonies were entirely destroyed; and so vigorous did they carry on the assault, that in the spring of 1843 it appeared very doubtful whether any part of my stock could be preserved. "In its perfect adult state it is a winged moth Every hive was infested. Not being of a tem- or miller, measuring, from the head to the tip of perament to "give it up," as many did, I dilli- the closed wings, from five-eighths to three quargently cleaned out my hive, and destroyed all ters of an inch in length, and its wings expand the worms I could find at their bottoms, ever from one inch and one-tenth to one inch and Agricultural Papers." There is one other morning; generally finding from 5 to 10 under four-tenths. The male is of a dusky gray color. point to which I wish to direct your attention, and each hive. I had the year before bought Week's The female is much larger and darker colored. I am done; for I fear I have already trespassed patent, and had six swarms put in his hives.-There are two broods of these insects in the course too long upon your patience. It is, that you do These were nearly as much infested as the others, of a year. Some winged moths of the first brood not, as a body, encourage with sufficient liberality but the bottom being swung clear of the hive, begin to appear towards the end of April, or early the Agricultural Papers of our country. They they cleaned themselves. In June a tub of whey in May; those of the second brood are most abunmay not learn you to work, or inure you to it, if being left near the bee yard, I discovered many dant in August; but between these periods, and moths floating on it in the morning. Taking the even later, others come to perfection, and conseyou are averse or unaccustomed to it; but a well hint from this, pans of whey were placed near conducted agricultural paper will present for your the bees, and we had the satisfaction of taking consideration facts which, if rightly understood, several hundreds of the depredators of a night, will enable you to work to the greatest possible especially when the weather was warm; and advantage, thereby economizing time and labor continuing this through the season, lost but one with increased profit. They may not learn you colony, and my apiary was comparatively free to plough, for this you are supposed to know al- from worms in the fall. I have since been inready; but they will point out the best ploughs, formed, that this plan of destroying moths, had and present to your view the experience of the been successfully practised in Hancock county, by a Frenchman, previous to 1842. During this best practical farmers as to the depth and manner season, I set up my hives on small blocks, as I of ploughing the various crops and soils. They had seen recommended in some agricultural are the common medium through which the farm- paper; and ascribe as much of my success to that, er may impart and receive instruction. In the as to the trapping. I wintered in 1843-4 about columns of our Agricultural Journals they all 40 colonies, and have something over that nummeet and compare facts, ideas, and practices. It ber now-continued my precautions against the is the channel through which they are all impro- moths last summer, and my bees were very little ved, while at the same time they impart instruc- injured. tion to their fellow men. The practical farmer I have used various kinds of hives during 2 or learns through this medium that there is a great hive, standing on small blocks, or any thing 3 years past, and am of opinion that a square variety of soils, each more or less specially adapt- which will prevent the worms from reascending ed to certain species, and each more or less un- the hive, when once out of it is nearly or quite suited to certain other species of vegetable pro- as good as hanging them up, or swinging the ductions. He learns through its geological de- bottom after Weeks' plan. The plan of taking scriptions to what class of soils his land belongs, the honey by means of drawers is an undoubted and through its chemical essays how to analyze improvement over the old one of destroying the them. Through the same sources he is made bees; though the idea advanced by some, that acquainted with the chemical and other actions of every body may keep as many bees as they please, the various manures, and learns what manures his raise as many cattle as they please, regardless of is as absurd as to suppose that every body can particular soil requires, and how to apply them. the supply of pasturage. Through this medium, he meets with all the va- There has been a hive introduced to our notice rious improvements in the implements of husband the past year (the name of the patentee I do not ry, with all the newly discovered modes of de-recollect) which appears to me to be an approach quently some of them may be found during the greater part of the summer. By day they remain quiet on the sides or in the crevices of the beehouse; but, if disturbed at this time, they open their wings a little, and spring or glide swiftly away, so that it is very difficult to seize or to hold them. In the evening they take wing, when the bees are at rest, and hover around the hive, till, having found the door, they go in and lay their eggs. Those that are prevented by the crowd, or by any other cause. from getting within the hive, lay their eggs on the outside, or on the stand, and the little worm-like caterpillars hatched therefrom easily creep into the hive through the cracks; or gnaw a passage for themselves under the edges of it. These caterpillars, at first are not thicker than a thread; they have sixteen legs. Their bodies are soft and tender, and of a yellowish white color, sprinkled with a few little brownish dots, from are brown and shelly, and there are two brown each of which proceeds a short hair; their heads spots on the top of the first ring. Weak as they are, and unprovided with any natural means of defence, destined, too, to dwell in the midst of the populous hive, surrounded by watchfnl and well-armed enemies, at whose expense they live, they are taught how to shield themselves against the vengeance of the bees, and pass safely unseen in every direction through the waxen cells, which they break down and destroy. As soon as they are hatched they begin to spin, and each one makes for itself a tough silken tube; wherein it can easily turn around and move backwards and forwards at pleasure. During the day they remain concealed in their silken tubes; but mate that we import 8 million pounds of madder, The assortment of SEEDS mentioned in our FROM ENGLAND. By the Hibernia, we have Liverpool dates to THE AMERICAN PROVISION TRADE. Beef is now coming in freely, and the best parcels have met with Wheat at Milan, Ohio. The Milan Tribune says that the stock of wheat on hand at that place awaiting the opening of Lake navigation, is over 150,000 bushthan 5,000 bushels, together with about 30,00 staves. It is the opin els. One day, the 11th of February, there was brought in more ion there that the amount of wheat to come in is considerably less than that of last year. The price of wheat is now 80 cts. Flour, 83 88; pipe staves, (extra,) $18: common, $10 a 12. BOWERY NURSERY. Fantus, on the Sandusky road, a fine assortment of fruit OR sale at the Bowery Nursery, one and a half miles north of trees, consisting of apples, pears, peaches, plums, prunes, cherries, apricots, nectarines, quinces, &c. Also, a great variety of roses, bulbs, ornamental trees, shrubberry, &c. All orders enclosing the money, will meet with prompt attention. March 1. JOHN FISHER. JOHN A. LAZELL, This POMOLOGICAL NURSERY, adjoining the at night, when the bees cannot see them, they come partly out, and devour the wax within their reach. As they increase in size, they lengthen and enlarge their dwellings, and cover them on the outside with a coating of grains of wax mixed with their own castings, which resemble gunpowder. Protected by this coating from the stings of the bees, they work their way through the combs, gnaw them to pieces, and fill the hive with their filthy webs; till at last the discouraged bees, whose dilligence and skill are of no more use to them in contending with their unseen foes, than their superior size and powerful weapons, are compelled to abandon their perishing brood and their wasted stores, and leave the desolated hive to the sole possession of the miserable spoilers. a ready sale from the quay at our highest quotations, but such These caterpillars grow to the length of an parcels as are inferior in quality, or irregularly cut, are with difficul A City of Columbus, hus for sale an extensive variety of inch or a little more, and come to their full size ty disposed of, even at a considerable reduction in price. The quan Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Greenhouse tity now in dock and on passage being large, dealers are holding in about three weeks. They then spin their co-back in the expectation of being able to supply themselves on easier Plants, &c &c. coons, which are strong silken pods, of an oblong terms; but unless the import be much in excess of last year's there cannot be any material decline from present rates. Some of the oval shape, and about one inch in length, and Irish curers who packed beef to meet the early demand of the seaare often clustered together in great numbers in son, have been forcing off their stocks at low and unremunerating the top of the hive. Some time afterwards, the prices, being unwilling to meet the increased arrivals of American, the best brands of which are taken now in preference to their own. insects in these cocoons change to chrysalids of a Pork has also been arriving more freely, and generally of very light brown color, rough on the back, and with prime quality. Its value has declined somewhat since the date of our last advices, Irish being offered at a reduction of 2s. per barrel, an elevated dark brown line upon it from one end in consequence of the increased competition which it meets from to the other. When this transformation happens cipate, however, an enlarged demand in the present month, and a the improved quality of the late arrivals from America. We antiin the autumn, the insects remain without further firm market, the prospects of this article continuing very favorable, change till the spring, and then burst open their and warranting us in confirming the opinion already expressed, that cocoons, and come forth with wings. Those from the United States. our future supplies of Pork, as well as Beef, will be principally drawn which become chrysalids in the early part of summer are transformed to winged moths fourteen days afterwards, and immediately pair, lay their eggs, and die. Bees suffer most from the depredations of these insects in hot and dry summers. Strong and healthy swarms, provided with a constant supply of food near home, more often escape than small and weak ones. When the moth-worms have established themselves in a hive, their presence is made known to us by the little fragments of wax and the black grains scattered by them over the floor." Export of Cheese from Ohio. Some notion of the quantity of cheese made and exported from the grazing and dairy regions of the Western Reserve, may be obtained from the following statement, derived from the Annual Report of the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal Company, recently laid before the General Assembly. There was cleared during the past season by the Pa. and Ohio Canal (of cheese,) from Akron, "Warren, Total, Youngstown, 4,486,063 lbs. This amount was exported through that channel; the greater portion probably produced in the counties of Trumbull and Portage-though the counties of Ashtabula, Summit, and Columbiana, may have each contributed something to the amount. Culture of Madder. In accordance with our promise, and the requests of several correspondents, we shall in our next or the succeeding number, give a detailed account of the culture of Madder, as practised in this state. The following is an extract from the minutes of a recent meeting of the New York Farmers' Club: "Gen. Tallmadge introduced to the meeting the subject of the cultivation of Madder. He considered this, with silk, exceedingly important to our farmers. Madder was once looked at simply as a red dye; but now as the basis of many colors, it is of immense importance in the calico business. It is usually supposed that the culture of madder is very complicated; this is a mistake. It requires a dry alluvial soil; our country has the best facilities in this species of soil, especially the Western prairies are excellent for this purpose; the cost of transportation is also very light. It is impossible to give the exact amount imported into this country. In 1839, Great Britain imported nearly 20 millions pounds of madder; in 1840, 27 millions; in 1841, 20 millions. The French price of madder is 17 cents per lb.; the Dutch, inferior quality, 14 cents. We may esti We are still unable to report any improvement in our corn mar- CINCINNATI, Feb. 27.-Flour is steady at 3,63 @ 3 66, inspected. Wheat in good demand at 75 cts. Corn 33 @ 35. Oats 23 @ 25. Rye 45 @ 50. Sales of Pork, mess, 9 50; clear, 10 75 bbl. In bulk, hog round, $4 100 ; sides 4 45. Clover seed dull, only 3 25p bu. Timothy in good demand, 150 @ 2 00. Latest Dates and Prices. H's collection of Apples exceeds 300 select varieties. PRICE per hundred Trees, of from three to five feet growth, $14; of from five to seven feet $16; of from seven to nine feet, $18; and for a few select Trees, from 25 to 50 cents each Pear, Plum and Cherry Trees, of a great variety. Price from 374 to 75 cents per l'ree, according to size, &c.; and beautiful Evergreen Trees, at prices from $1 to $3, each. When Trees or Plants are to be sent a distance to require it, they will be duly labeled and carefully packed or boxed, for which a reasonable charge will be made. Columbus, January, 1845. LAKE ERIE NURSERY. HIS Establishment is situated about one half Tmiles west of Cleveland, on the Detroit red and conf tains, for sale, TREES of all the most choice kinds of Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries. &c &c; and also a large stock of Roses, Evergreens, Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, &c, which are offered at reasonable prices. Greenhouse Plants also supplied when wanted. Orders, post paid, con taining the money or satisfactory reference, will meet with prompt attention, and the Trees carefully packed and forwarded as directed. Jan. 1845. ELLIOTT & CO, Cleveland. SEEDS! SEEDS! Amerted to keep an assortment of choice vegetable and flow T request of a number of his friends, the subscriber has er SEEDS, for sale during the spring, at the office of the Ohio Culti. vator. Part of the supply is already received, and more will be ob tained from New York and elsewhere, about the 1st of March, when catalogues will be printed. He trusts that his experience in the business and knowledge of the principal seeds growers and dealers in the United States, will enable him to procure such articles as will give satisfaction to purchasers. M. B. BATEHAM. Columbus, February 17, 1845. THE TROTTING HORSE BELLFOUNDER, Samuel Allen, of the State of New York, is now at the Farm of Henry Brown, Esq. This Horse was bred by T. T. Kissam, Esq. of Long Island, N. Y. and may well be considered the best Horse ever brought to Ohio.Farmers and Breeders, an opportunity is now presented you to improve your stock. Bills, giving pedigree and terms, will soon be issued. Reference, W. BARKER, City Livery Stable, Columbus, Ohio. Feb 15 FARM FOR SALE IN ILLINOIS. Boston, Feb. 20 Flour, 5,124 Mess Pork, 12,00 Tar subscriber offers for sale on easy terms, his Farm and 2,000 acres of land in the vicinity. The Farm consists of 280 acres of AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL THE subscribers have a large supply of works upon FARMING McMahon's Gardener: the American Gardener's Ca'ender; con. taining a complete account of all the work necessary to be done in the Kitchen Garden, Fruit Garden, Orchard, Vineyard, Nursery Garden, Green House, &c., for every month in the year. By Bernard McMahon. 1 vol. 8vo. Honey, comb, lb., 8 a 10 er. 14 25 a 37 121 a 18 a 10 a 8 POULTRY. 64 common, 66 dried. Downing's Treatise on Landscape Gardening. 1 vol. 8vo. The American Gardener. By Fessenden. 1 vol. 12mo. The Farmer's Treasure, containing a Practical Treatise on the value and nature of Manures, by Falkner; and a Treatise on Productive Farming, by Joseph A. Smith. 1 vol. 12mo. The Hand Book of Plants and Fruits, with 140 illustrations, a copious Glossary, &c. By L. D. Chapin. 1 vol. Ladies' Companion to the Flower Garden. By Mrs. Loudon. 1 vol. 12mo. Buist on the Rose. 1 vol. The Kitchen and Fruit Gardener. 1 vol. The American Poulterer's Book. 1 vol. Cheese, 5 a Eggs. dozen, Pot, 100 lbs., Maple Sugar, b 2,75 a to mention. For sale by 66 Molasses, gall. 624 a 1 vol. With others too numerous I. N. WHITING & HUNTINGDON. VOL. I. A Semi-Monthly Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture. COLUMBUS, OHIO, MARCH 15, 1845. AGENTS.-Mr. D. D. White of this city is on a visit to the county of Knox as agent for this paper. Our friends, on whom he may call, will oblige us by rendering him any aid that may be in their power Several other young men have engaged to travel to some extent pectus, signed by the editor, are duly authorized to receive subscrip as agents. Observe, all who have a written certificate on a prostions, and are worthy of confidence. Messrs. ELY & CAMPBELL, at their seed store, in Lower Market st. Cincinnati, are agents for the Ohio Cultivator. LOOK HERE! POST-MASTERS will greatly oblige us, when ordering papers, if they will take the pains to write the names of subscribers plainly; and always give the name of the county and State with that of the post office. We are often sorely puzzled on account of these omissions-indeed some letters have been received without even the name of the post office! They will further oblige us by sending us word in all cases where papers do not arrive promptly; also by returning any packages that may by chance arrive at wrong offices. In reply to several postmasters who have signified a wish to have the Cultivator sent them for services in remitting, &c., we now state that all who send or have sent 12 names or more with the payments, will be entitled to a copy if they desire it. AGENTS WANTED.-Several young men, of energy and good address, may find profitable employment as travelling agents for this paper-good references required. To Editors. NO. 6. Facts for the People of Ohio, culate agricultural papers among the farmers, and Decrease of the Wheat Crop-Our glory departing point out through them the necessity and means of improvement. Until this is done more effectFor the last five years it has been published to ually than now, it will be of comparatively little the world, that Ohio produces more wheat than use to legislate upon the subject or form associaany other State in the Union. This is the proud- tions; for till then, not one in twenty of the farest boast of her citizens, and it has done more mers will co-operate in such measures. If the than all else to establish her credit abroad. With friends of the cause, who perceive the evil and a wheat crop from twenty to twenty five millions the remedy, will go to work for this purpose, of bushels, one half surplus product, it was well with one tenth part of the enthusiasm that is known that the farmers of Ohio would be able manifested during an ordinary political camwithout difficulty, to pay their taxes, and the in-paign, we should soon debtedness of the State, and speedily to become cheer the heart of every true patriot. prosperous and wealthy. see results that would But the reports of the Commissioner of patents, The Legislature Adjourned. show that our State is fast losing this enviable After a session of nearly three months and a distinction; and it is probable that next year's re- half, the SOLONS of this great State have returnport will strip our farmers of this their highest ed to their homes. They have passed a large honor! The report for last year affords an argu- number of laws, some of them doubtless, intendment in favor of the promotion of agriculture in ed to be of general benefit to the people, but many Ohio, that ought to command the most serious at-more, for the special good of a party, or a few tention of her citizens, and cause them to put partizan triends. The friends of agriculture, the forth immediate and vigorous efforts for the diffu- greatest interest of the State, have petitioned and sion of a knowledge of improved methods of cul- urged in vain for the least possible act that might tivation among farmers. have a tendency to advance the great productive interests of the State, and promote the prosperity of the whole people, without regard to party! Whole weeks have been spent in devising new modes and new articles of taxation, but they had calculated to increase the ability of the people to no time to legislate on that which was directly pay taxes, and would lessen the need of taxation by increasing the revenues of the public works. The wheat crop of Ohio for the past three years is estimated as follows: Crop of 1842, 25,387,439 bushels. 66 66 (30 per ct. loss.) And this too, while it is well known that the number of acres devoted to this crop has every year been greater than the one preceding! And another important fact is, there has not been a proportional increase of other products to make that our State is embarrassed, and that farmers up for this immense loss. Is it any wonder then of the Board of Public Works show a decrease in find it difficult to meet their taxes? (The reports the aggregate amount of wheat and flour, shipped on all the canals in the State for the past four years.) As evidence that this falling off is mainly attributable to defective farming, let us look at the example of New York, where knowledge has been diffused for a number of years past, by five or six widely circulated agricultural papers, several of them numbering from ten to twenty thousand subscribers; and where forty or fifty county Agricultural Societies, and one for the As there is a prospect of a little cessation of po- State, are sustained by the aid of $8,000 per litical excitement, we take this occasion to en-year from the Treasury. There the reports show treat the conductors of the newspaper press to lend their aid in the important work of awakening the farming community to the subject of improvements in agriculture. Look at the facts and suggestions which are given in this and preceding numbers of this paper, and judge whether there is not great need of united and strenuous efforts for this object. a marked increase in the wheat crop during the For 1842, 11,132,472 bushels. 66 66 1844, 14,975,000 Showing a gain of nearly four millions of bushels in two years; and most of the other products of (We are glad to find that the Cincinnati Ga- the farm in that State, have increased in a prozette and some others among the influential pa-portionate ratio for the past four years. pers of this State, are leading off right earnestly From these figures it is easy to see, that in all in this cause.) probability the next annual report will rob Ohio We send the Cultivator regularly to more than of the honor of being the first wheat State in one hundred papers in Ohio, and will send it to the union, and award the palm to the farmers any others that commend it to the attention of of the Empire State! their farming readers, mentioning terms, &c. We And yet Ohio possesses at least double the request, however, that they will remember to number of acres adapted to this crop that New give credit for all articles copied from our col-York does; and there can be no good reason why umns. We notice that quite a number of our we should not retain this high honor; or if so exchanges shamefully neglect this act of simple unfortunate as to lose it for the coming season, it justice. should be regained, and made more securely our We not ask many of the country papers to ex- own than ever before. It is true our Legislature, change with us regularly, but the editors will in the heat of party strife, have seemed to negoblige us by sending a copy marked, whenever lect the greatest interests of the State, but this they give any original agricultural intelligence, only renders it more necessary for the people especially any notices of agricultural societies, themselves to awake and exert themselves. the appearance of crops, &c. The first thing necessary to be done is to cir Petitions were presented for a law for the promotion of agriculture, from almost every county in the State, and several bills for that purpose were introduced and remodeled or amended to were urged against them: but all were rejected remove as far as possible, all the objections that the members of both branches deserve credit for as though of no kind of importance! A few of their efforts in the cause; but of others we should like to say a few words to their constituents, were it not that it would ill become the character of our paper. It is due, however, to the 2500 friends of agriculture, whose petitions were thus disregarded, that they should be informed how and by whom this was done. We shall therefore give a brief history of the matter in our next. Proposed Convention of Friends of Ag riculture in Ohio. In view of the conduct of the late General Assembly in refusing to adopt any measures for the promotion of the great interests of agriculture in Ohio, and believing that it is indispensibly necessary that effective measures should be adopted for that purpose, several well known friends of agriculture have suggested that a convention of friends of the cause be held in Columbus early in the coming summer, for the purpose before the next General Assembly, and devise of agreeing on a plan for legislative action, to lay the State as will secure the passage of a law and means for diffusing such information throughout general co-operation of effort for the advance ment of this cause. Those who approve of this suggestion, and will endeavor to attend, will please to send their names to the editor of the Cultivator, previous to 1st of May, with any suggestions that may vention, &c. The Governor of the State has occur to them as to the day of holding the consignified his approval of the plan, and his willingness to co-operate in such measures as may be agreed on. County Agricultural Socities. We are gratified to perceive by notices in the country papers that several county agricultural societies are showing new signs of life; and some new ones are about to be organized where they The following call which we find in the Seneca Advertiser exhibits the right spirit, and we believe that SENECA will soon be able to put to shame some of her sister counties of much greater age and population: SENECA COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. A word to the Board of officers-who consist of A. Ingraham, President; Levi Davis, Vice President; Loyd Norris, Treasurer; R. G. Pennington, Recording Secretary; Joseph McClellan, John Terry and George Stoner, committeemen: GENTLEMEN:-We have slept one year; is that not enough? All is calm now, and our new President has taken his seat. Shall we not arouse Brief Hints on Gardening. Sowing Seeds of Garden Vegetables. But few We gave in our last, some directions for laying kinds need to be put in the ground before April, out and preparing the ground for a farmer's gar- we shall, therefore, defer hints on this head, till den; and according to promise, we now offer some our next, excepting to remark that where the hints on planting the same; though want of space ground is dry and in good order, the more hardy sorts may be put in the ground any time after secompels us to be quite brief. vere freezing is over. The most important are peas, onions (sets and seed) lettuce and early beets. If not done in a hot bed, a warm sheltertered spot should be prepared and seed sown of early cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, tomato, &c. Also celery if wanted for early use-a month later will be better for the main crop. This bed must be covered with a mat, or something to keep off the frost during cold nights. It is no use to sow radish seed in open ground till next month. The same is true of flower seeds. With reference to what are termed small fruits, no man who pretends to have a garden, should be without a supply of them. The plants cost little or nothing, can be obtained in almost every neighborhood, and when once planted, they require very little labor or attention; while they afford a constant succession of the richest and most wholesome luxuries for the table during the whole of spring and summer. Pruning Fruit Trees.-This is commonly performed early in spring, but it is better to wait till the leaves are about half grown-especially if large branches are to be removed. The tree is then beginning to grow rapidly and the wounds heal more speedily and effectually-try it. Grafting. It is now time to commence this operation, when much of it is to be done, and especially on cherries and such trees as start early. With most kinds, however, we have always succeeded, best when the work was delayed till the buds were fairly open, or even when the trees were in blossom. Of course the grafts should be cut before the buds open-we should have mentioned this in our last. Keep them in a cool place in the cellar with the cut ends in moist earth. We intended giving directions for grafting, but must defer it till our next. Strawberries.-It is usually recommended to plant these early in the fall, as soon as the heat of summer is over, but it may be done as well now; only they will not bear as well the first season. Procure good strong plants from the runners of last year's growth, and of the best kinds you can obtain conveniently. The varieties are very numerous, and almost all of them are good when well cultivated. Plant a bed each of several sorts if you can get them. They will grow on any good garden soil, but that which is tolerably dry and has a good share of sand or gravel is from our slumbers by meeting and forming, un- the best. Set the plants about 15 inches apart, der our constitution, a premium list for our next and pinch off the runners during summer if you October fair? Let it not be said that Seneca do not wish to increase the number of plants.-county cannot sustain, through her enterprising Old beds should be dug between the rows and the farmers, a well organized Agricultural Society! plants thinned out. Was it not acknowledged by all present that our Raspberries. These are of the easiest possiexhibitions, at the fairs of 1842 and 43, surpas-ble culture, and richly pay for the space they ocsed all expectation, and have they not already cupy. Get plants of last year's growth, and the been the means of improving our farm-stock? best kinds you can find. The red and the white Let us then take renewed courage in our enterOur readers will be gratified, as we are, prise! We have a new help-marte in the im- Antwerp, are the best known good kinds; though in seeing the name of ELI NICHOLS, of Belmont, provement of agriculture science in this State, there are some new varieties said to be superior among our contributors; especially as we are able in the person of M. B. BATEHAM, Esq., formerly to them. The Ohio Everbearing has the advan- to announce that he promises to furnish a series of editor of the Genesse Farmer, in Rochester, N. tage of producing fruit until autumn. It is not brief practical essays on fruit culture. Mr. NichY. He is now with us in Ohio, and has com- so highly flavored as the Antwerps, though if the ols, it is well known, has been very largely menced the publication of the Ohio Cultivator, fruit is used under the circumstances discribed engaged in the cultivation of fruit, both in the at Columbus, which I have no doubt will give us by our friend Lapham (in No. 3) we have no doubt orchard and the nursery, for many years, in this great aid in the furtherance of Agricultural sci- it is very delicious! Set the plants 3 or 4 feet climate; and, like our friend David Thomas, of ence in this State-which is so much needed, I would propose that in making out our list of apart, in any convenient place in the garden, New York, he combines much scientific research with practical experience in horticultural purpremiums, for next fall, we award all premiums where the soil is not wet. If partially shaded suits. of the denomination of $1, in the Ohio Cultiva- they will bear longer. Every spring the wood of tor. In this way we can get some thirty or forty the previous year's bearing should be cut away, agricultural papers taken and read in this coun- close to the ground, and the new shoots shortenty, which will greatly increase our means of ed, and if more than 5 or 6 in a bunch, cut out knowledge in agricultural affairs, and encourage, the weaker ones, tie the remainder loosely to a by the light of intelligence, those who, otherwise, stake. might not lend their friendly interest to our meritorious enterprise. I would recommend that the board meet at the Court House, in Tiffin, on Monday, the 24th day of March, for the purpose of preparing a premium list for the next October fair. SAMUEL WAGGONER, Cor. Sec. Sen. Agril. Soc'y. Township Farmers' Clubs. Gooseberries.-This fruit deserves more gen- English and Scotch varieties, not the wild natives. but We are much pleased to learn that the sugges-single stem. tions of our friend Dr. Townsend (in No. 4) re- Currants-Should be grown the same way, specting neighborhood or township associations care should be taken not to have the stem more are about to be carried into effect in a number of than about 6 to 8 inches high; else the top will cases. One of these is in Blue Rock township, be apt to break off with the winds. Muskingum county; another, Blendon tp., Franklin co.; many others we have no doubt will folGrapes.-Don't fail to plant some of theselow the example next fall, in time for holding they pay well. The Isabella and the Catawba are social discussions during the long evenings. American varieties, the easiest to cultivate and There can be no doubt but that the results will very fine and productive. If young plants canbe highly beneficial, especially where whole not be had set cuttings of last year's wood, with neighborhoods become subscribers for the Ohio 2 or 3 points. Train the vines on the side of a Cultivator; as in the places we have mentioned. building, a fence, or a trellis, and they will occuWe again repeat the request that all societies py just no space at all. or associations for the promotion of agriculture in the State, will send us some account of their doings. LOOK TO THE WHEAT FIELDS.-The heavy rains may cause much loss if the furrows are not well opened about these days. Remember the hint given in our last about feeding off with sheep where the crop is too forward. Large Fruit Trees-As a general thing should not stand in a vegetable or flower garden; though a few choice kinds placed around the fences and borders may be admitted. Plums, and other fruits subject to the attacks of the curculio should be planted together in a fruit yard, where pigs can be kept during summer to devour the fallen fruit and the worms. We should be especially pleased if both these friends would favor us with their views on the subject of blight, also, if they have any facts or suggestions respecting the curculio that have not been made public.—ED. FRUIT CULTURE, No. 1. HOW TO SELECT FRUIT FOR AN ORCHARD. Mr. EDITOR:-Engaged as I am in the nursery business, I have good reason to know, there is a palpable want of skill on the part of many who desire to set out fruit trees. How often do we see a valuable lot purchased in a town or city at great cost, and then the owner, as though his land were worth nothing, either entirely neglect to set out fruit trees, or, as is more common, immediately commence an inquiry for cherry, plum pear and other sprouts to fill it with, so far as he much on the quality, even of this neighborhood desires to plant fruit; nor does he seem to stand fruit, so as the trees are LARGE, and sometimes a slight preference is given for straight ones. If you suggest to him, it would be better to set out grafted or buded fruit; he replies, Oh! I don't think there is much odds, and if I do not like the fruit when it comes, I will have it done then.Now this must be admitted to be wretched imwho live in towns and cities, if they would only providence, and waste of time and land. Those open their eyes, might see in the markets, if not good fruits, at least that there is a difference, which should induce them to select for so important a purpose as the planting of a lot, which might add so much to their domestic comforts, and the marketable value of their property. Nor do farmers seem to manifest more skill in and villages. Many individuals of both classes, selecting fruit trees, than lot holders in our cities seem to imagine no fruit can be good except a few old varieties themselves have seen. Sup |