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The Manufacturing Section.

Locate this section. Trace its boundaries. Tell what country, what group of States, and what waters bound it. What lake is on the western boundary? What two rivers and what lakes are on the eastern boundary? Trace the shape of this section in the air. Sketch it on the blackboard. Sketch its outline into the map of United States. Name the States which comprise it. Which State is the largest? Which the smallest? Which has

no sea-coast? Which bor

the rivers which flow down the northern slope. To what great river basin do these northern rivers and Lake Champlain belong? Trace the water-parting between the northern and the southern rivers. Between what mountain ranges does the Connecticut flow? What boundary does it form? Which State has the greatest number of lakes? Tell in which State and to what river basin each of the following lakes belongsMoosehead, Rangeley, Sebago, Winnepesaukee, Memphremagog. Trace and name any projections or indentations on the coast; also any islands which lie near the coast.

(Locate all cities mentioned in text.)

New England has great

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der on the sea? Which has very little sea coast? Find

out when this section was settled and something of the hardships of the early settlers. Try to imagine the appearance of the entire section at that time, and compare it with its present appearance.

From the relief map of the United States, pages 120 and 121, tell what highland lies in New England. What name is given the part in New Hamp

shire? What in Vermont? What in western Massachusetts? Find two peaks in Maine; two in New Hampshire; two in Massachusetts. Name and trace the rivers which flow down the southern slope. Where do many of them rise? Into what do they flow? Name the four largest? Three of these are in which State? Name and trace

irregularity of coast, much of it, from Boston northeastward, being high and rocky, while Cape Cod Peninsula and most of the southern coast is low and sandy.

The rivers have wide, deep mouths, and there are many deep inlets; hence there are a great number of good harbors. The islands and coast are much visited as summer resorts.

The surface of the entire section is much broken. There are many sandhills and bowlders, which were left by

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ing wood-pulp for paper. Ship-building largely engages the people on the Maine coast. Bath is especially noted for this industry.

The marble quarries of Rutland, Vt., which are the finest

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in the world, and the granite and sandstone quarries of the other States, are extensively worked.

Many of the people, especially on the northeastern and southeast

ern coasts of Massachusetts,

are en

gaged in fishing. Boston is the leading

center for the New England fisheries.

Nearly all the cities and villages of New England are engaged in some kind of manufacturing. The rivers furnish abundant water-power. Coal and iron are brought to these cities by boats and also by railroads from the great mining section of the Middle Atlantic States. For what purpose? (Page 56). Raw cotton is shipped to this section from the Southern States. Fall River

leads all other cities in North America in the manufacture of cotton goods. Lowell, New Bedford, and Manchester are also centers for the weaving of cotton goods. Holyoke is the leading paper-making city in the world. Lynn and Haverhill are the leading boot- and shoe-manufacturing centers in the Union. Raw wool is produced in

this sec

tion to a consider

able extent, and it is also largely imported

from Australia, to

be made

into all

kinds of

woolen

America to these cities to be made into all kinds of rubber goods. Locate Pawtuck et, New Haven, Bridgeport, Waterbury. Boston and Portland possess the two largest of the many fine harbors of New England. Boston is the largest city in New England, and the fifth in size in the United States. It is a large center of trade,

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THE LARGEST RAILWAY STATION IN THE UNITED STATES.

goods. Lawrence and Prov idence are the leading centers for this industry. Boston is the leading wool market of the United States.

Worcester is a large manufacturing city. Springfield is an important trade center, and has many small manufactories. The cities of Connecticut and Rhode Island are noted for the number and great variety of their manufactures of iron and brass. Firearms, bicycles, sewing-machines, clocks, watches, jewelry, and small wares-pins, needles, buttons, etc.—are among the important industries. Raw India rubber is sent from South

being conconnected

by rail. roads with all the im

portant industrial

centers of the Union, and having steam

er communication with the

commer

cial cen

ters of the world. It

is also an important literary and art center. Portland is the largest city in Maine.

New England was settled by the Puritans from England; but the factory towns and cities are now crowded with people representing many nationalities. The entire section has good schools, and there are many higher institutions of learningHarvard University in Cambridge, and Yale University in New Haven, being the largest and most important.

Several steamer lines connect the river ports and seaports of New England with New York and other seaports of the Union.

Name and locate the capital and the largest city

of each State. Tell anything you can remember of the different cities.

The Coal and Iron Section.

Trace the boundaries of this section. How many States comprise it? Which is the largest State? Which the smallest? Which States have no sea

coast? Which have very little sea-coast? Tell what country, what State groups, and what waters bound the section. What two lakes and two rivers are on on the Canadian boundary? What large river on the western boundary? What lake on the eastern boundary? Trace the coast line. Name, trace, and locate the projections and indentations on the coast; also the islands which lie near the coast.

ern part. The northern part and the mountains have long cold winters, and delightfully cool summers. The coast is warm in winter and cool in summer. Both the mountains and the sea-coast abound in summer resorts. From the

map, page 132, you see that forests are scattered over this entire region. It is

Which indentations or projections do you think heavily wooded, however, only in the

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belong? Trace carefully the great water-parting of this section. Of what great highland does it consist? From the relief map of the United States, tell what names are given to the mountains of this highland. What names are given to the parts of the highland in New York? What States lie almost wholly in the mountainous parts? What in the coastal plains? What parts of New York and Pennsylvania are comparatively level?

The mountainous districts are very rough and rocky, with grand and beautiful scenery. There is a great variety of climate in this section, the southern part being much warmer than the north

northern and moun tainous sections. Tell

in what parts lumbering is an especial industry. Ship-build

ing largely

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engages

the attention of some of the coast cities-Philadelphia having the leading ship-building industry in the United States. If you study the product-maps, pages 130 to 132, you find that this section is largely engaged in farming.

Tell which of these States produce the leading food grains. Which States are engaged in dairying? Which in sheep-raising or woolen manufacturing?

New York State is especially noted for its dairy products and its production of hay and oats. of hay and oats. Rochester is noted for its flour-mills and other manufactures. It is not far from Buffalo, a city which from its location commands much of the trade between the West and the East.

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