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Name all of the different articles of which you can think that are manufactured. Think of the thousands of people employed in making these articles and of the great amount of money used in paying for them. The farmer feeds them all. Visit manufacturing industries and learn all you can in regard to their work.

are near the sea or upon some stream or
body
body of water. Can you think of a
reason for this?

All manufacturing plants should be in easy communication with the coal and iron districts. Iron is needed for the

The material from which articles are machinery, and coal is needed to drive it.

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MINING and QUARRYING.-MINING is an important industry. It is the digging of minerals from mines in the earth. Men thus engaged are called miners. They usually work in mountainous sections, because minerals are more often found there. Some miner-> als, especially coal, are found in the lowlands.

Make a list of the minerals which are mined in the world. What ones do you know at sight? Which are most valuable? Find out what articles are made from the various minerals, and something of their value. Describe the different scenes on this page. What is a smelter? How does the mining town differ from your town or city?

The mines of North and South America, Europe,

MINING.

and South Africa are extensively worked; those of Asia and the islands are little worked. The people of the White Race have developed the mines, as they have every important industry.

The minerals are transported by cars or boats to great trade-centers, where they are sent to the different industries

Visit a quarry or marble works and learn all you can about them. Tell where you have seen the different kinds of stone used. Find out what

particular qualities make each stone of value. Describe the granite quarry represented on this page.

LUMBERING.-Men who live in or near the great forest districts are usually engaged in LUMBERING. Great lumber camps are established in the midst of these districts in winter. Men cut down the trees and cut them up into logs. They are then transported to the river. In the spring, after the ice goes out, they are floated down the stream to the saw

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world. It is found in great beds or in the bottom of shallow lakes near the sea. It is dug out, cleansed, and the water evaporated. Then it is refined for use. All animals and mankind seem to need it to season their food. Describe the pictures of the salt works.

QUARRYING.-Cutting stone from the earth is called QUARRYING. The men so engaged are

Quarry men not only take the stone from the QUARRY, but they cut and shape it for use. Marble, sandstone, granite, and limestone are quarried.

QUARRYMEN or STONE-CUTTERS.

mills. Here they are converted into lumber. The best logs are seasoned to be used for telegraph and telephone poles.

Many of the smaller trees are now cut

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down and taken to pulp-mills, where they are made into pulp. This pulp is made into paper. Most of the paper upon which our newspapers are printed is made from wood-pulp.

coast of the Island of Newfoundland, and off southwestern Alaska are great codfisheries. The Newfoundland "codfishing grounds" are the most valuable in the world. The cod and herring

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fisheries in the

North Sea off the

SPONGE-FISHING AND CURING, ATLANTIC COAST.

Make a list of the trees which are cut for lumber. Find out what qualities are needed in telegraph poles. Describe each of the scenes on the preceding page.

FISHING.-Men who live near or upon the sea are engaged in FISHING. They catch, cure, and pack fish for market. The best fish for food, and the largest numbers, are caught in the waters of the cooler temperate belts. Off the

coast of Norway

are of great value. Find all places mentioned.

For all kinds of fish, the fisheries of the western Atlantic along the coast of the United States are the most valuable in the world. The principal fish caught are cod, mackerel, hake, menhaden, and oysters. The menhaden and cod are valuable for oil. The oyster fisheries are of very great value. They extend south from the New England coast, the most valuable being those of the Chesapeake Bay. Most of the other fish are caught off the coast of New England.

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