naires who consent to give him counsel without daring to hold office-are alike at thier wit's end; and were it not for Changarnier's resolution and influence with a part of the soldiery, Paris would be again in a revolution more incontrollable than any it has witnessed since 1789.

A CHANGE.-A singular toast was given the other day by Lord Carlisle (late Morpeth) in the Guildhall of the City of London-Prince Albert, a crowd of the aristocracy, the Foreign Ministers, and the Mayors of the United Kingdom, being the guests. It was "The Working-men of the United Kingdom." And so it has come to that! The great people are compelled to acknowledge, at their banquets, that the little people are in existence. Such an event never occurred, in such a company, before 1850. Yet, there was no one selected to respond to the toast. One step at a time. Next time, it may be, some nice young man, properly bedizened for the occasion, may be selected to respond-who knows? Seriously, there is policy in all this preparation for the 'Grand Exhibition of Industry;' and whoever put it into Albert's head, knew what he was about. The whole country is beginning to be astir with it; and it will serve to keep trade prosperous for some time. The head which really projected the scheme-(for it is not very likely that a mere 'Prince' should have devised it, though it is a skilful flattery to give him the honour),—knew that so long as working-men have plenty of employ it is difficult to get them to think about politics; and that they would be sure to take a deep interest in such an exhibition of their workmanship as would bring them into rivalry with the workmen of other nations. He was not 'born yesterday' who devised this scheme.

THE RICH LACKEY.-The Marquis of Westminster-the richest of all the nobility-and said to have an income of nearly half-a-million a-year—“has finally attained the object of his life," says the sarcastic Times, "and is appointed to the office of LORD STEWARD, with the full privilege of carrying a white stick about, like Polonius in the play, whenever the QUEEN gives a party to the lieges.' What paltry souls must reside in the bodies of some of these aristocrats! What beggars' minds they have, with all their wealth! This man might have raised institutions for literature and art-built schools or colleges-founded hospitals or almshouses-he might have won the love and attachment of millions, have been more sovereign in the affections of Englishmen than any crowned or anointed sovereign,-in a word, he might have been a real king in the land;-and yet he chooses rather to be another's lackey! Fortune must be blind, as they say she is, or she would never have made this naturalborn lickspittle into a rich marquis.

PRIMOGENITURE.—Mr. Locke King drew the House of Commons into an unexpected discussion of this grievance, the other night-by moving that, when a land-owner dies without making his will, the land shall be divided among his relatives, instead of being claimable solely by his 'heir-at-law.' Hume, Ewart, and others backed up the mover, stoutly; and the veteran Joseph said a few savage things about the aristocracy keeping up the Law of Primogeniture,' and thereby being necessitated to struggle for keeping up the Army, Navy, &c., in order to provide for their younger sons. Some affected to laugh him out of the force of his remarks; and Monckton Milnes fenced with the phrase 'Law of Primogeniture.' Every one of them know, however, that although there is no such law' or statute-yet if a landlord dies without making a will, he can have but one heir-at-law, who, of course, is his eldest son-if the eldest son be living; and, if not, the nearest of kin. They know, also, that land can be so tied down by entail that it cannot be willed away without the consent of the heir-atlaw. And, above all, they know, that so long as titles of nobility exist, the wearers must take care that their successors in title must also succeed to their land-or the titled would become public laughingstocks. The Times-which can laugh at the lackey-Marquis with the other side of its face-gravely asserts, in this instance, that the English people have a 'respect' for the custom of Primogeniture, and that "it is part of a system which works tolerably well!" "Lord, lord! how the world is given to lying!" as Falstaff said. THOMAS COOPER.

Birmingham.

SONNETS.

TO MAZZINI.

The noble Gracchi to the People's cause,
Devoted heart, and thought, and speech, and life,
Undaunted, though opposed in deadly strife,
By all whose power lay in the ancient laws,
They fell; but others from their ashes rose,
Whose spirits roused by Freedom's holy cry,
Resolved to bravely win, or bravely die.
Again these fell, o'erwhelmed by mighty foes;
Then, doubters deemed no more again for Rome
Would daring Tribunes rise. But this our time
Hath seen thee- noblest, purest, most sublime,
That ever told to earth the tyrant's doom;
And proudly to Rienzi's age-stamped fame,
We join, with hopeful hearts, Mazzini's name!

JOHN ALFRED LANGFORD.

TO KOSSUTH.

The annals of the world contain no name,
At which we freely with more reverence bow,
Than thine, immortal Kossuth! Thou art now
Dear to the hearts of all, whose bosoms flame
With hope for the redemption of mankind.
Well hast thou done and bravely. Hearts there be
Thy name hath roused from hopeless lethargy,
To holy work. Oh, that thy prophet mind

Had been united to a Cromwell's sword;

And in the field thy guiding arm been seen,
As from the council thy strong voice was heard.

Ah, then how changed thy Country's fate had been!
But, we despair not: if thy work be done,
Yet, thou undying fame hast surely won!

Birmingham.

JOHN ALFRED LANGFORD.

wwww

To Correspondents.

***Correspondents will please address “ Thomas Cooper, 5, Park Row, Knightsbridge,

London.

P. L. W., Ashton; Leander'; A. A.; Sappho. Their poetry is respectfully declined. J. C., Finsbury; he will see the subject of his letter (for which I am, nevertheless, obliged) taken up in another shape.

Friend of the People.' I am gratified with his earnest letter; but have no hope of seeing a Progress Union realised, at present. So long as abundance of employment continues working men cannot be roused to effort. And who can wonder at it, that remembers their long and severe deprivations and the influences with which they are surrounded?

Kappa.' The letters are usually placed after unfinished quotations of Greek, and have the same import as 'et cetera,' in Latin, or and so forth,' in English.

HENRY DAWES.-Will he please to write me his Address more legibly? I wrote to him; but the letter is returned by the Post-Office.

"

Lectures, in London, for the ensuing Week. SUNDAY, March 31, at 7, Hall of Science, (near Finsbury Square,) City Road. Super stitions of the Middle Ages, and the Dreams of the Alchymists."-Thomas Cooper. At 7, Literary Institution, John Street, Fitzroy Square. "Importance of Mr. Fox's Secular Education Bill, and its provisions, as means of teaching the People' -G. J. Holyoake.

WEDNES., April 3, at 8, Hackney Literary and Scientific Institution. Ancient Rome"James Silk Buckingham.

THINKINGS FROM BEN JONSON.

QUALIFICATIONS FOR COUNSELLORS.-The two chief things that give a man reputation in counsel, are the opinion of his honesty, and the opinion of his wisdom the authority of these two will persuade, when the same counsels, uttered by other persons less qualified, are of no efficacy, or working.

A HINT FOR ORATORS.-A man should so deliver himself to the nature of the subject whereof he speaks, that his hearer may take knowledge of his discipline with some delight: and so apparel fair and good matter that the studious of elegancy be not defrauded; redeem arts from their rough and brakey seats, where they lay hid, and overgrown with thorns, to a pure, open, and flowery light; where they may take the eye, and be taken by the hand.

AUTHORITY OF ANTIQUITY.-I know nothing can conduce more to letters, than to examine the writings of the ancients, and not to rest in their sole authority, or take all upon trust from them; provided the plagues of judging and pronouncing against them be away; such as envy, bitterness, precipitation, impudence, and scurril scoffing. For to all the observations of the ancients, we have our own experience; which if we well use, and apply, we have better means to pronounce. It is true they opened the gates, and made the way that went before us; but as guides, not commanders. Non domini nostri, sed duces fuêre. Truth lies open to all; it is no man's several.

HONOURABLE AMBITION.-If divers men seek fame or honour by divers ways, so both be honest neither is to be blamed; but they that seek immortality, are not only worthy of love, but of praise.

SPEECH THE IMAGE OF THE MIND.-Language most shews a man. Speak, that I may see thee. It springs out of the most retired and inmost parts of us, and is the image of the parent of it, the mind. No glass renders a man's form, or likeness, so true as his speech. Nay, it is likened to a man; and as we consider feature and composition in a man, so words in language; in the greatness, aptness, sound, structure, and harmony of it.

LOVE OF MONEY.-Money never made any man rich, but his mind. He that can order himself to the law of nature, is not only without the sense but the fear of poverty. O! but to strike blind the people, with our wealth and pomp, is the thing! what a wretchedness is this, to thrust all our riches outward, and be beggars within; to contemplate nothing but the little, vile, and sordid things of the world; not the great, noble, and precious. We serve our avarice; and not content with the good of the earth that is offered us, we search and dig for the evil that is hidden.

IMPOSTURE.-Imposture is a specious thing: yet never worse than when it feigns to be best, and to none discovered sooner than the simplest. For truth and goodness are plain and open; but imposture is ever ashamed of the light.

KINDNESSES.-Nothing is a courtesy, unless it be meant us; and that friendly and lovingly. We owe no thanks to rivers, that they carry our boats; or winds, that they be favouring and fill our sails; or meats, that they may be nourishing. For these are what they are necessarily. Horses carry us, trees shade us, but they know it not. It is true, some men may receive a courtesy, and not know it; but never any man received it from him that knew it not. Many men have been cured of diseases by accidents; but they were not remedies. I myself have known one helped of an ague by falling into a water, another whipped out of a fever: but no man would ever use these for medicines. It is the mind, and not the event, that distinguisheth the courtesy from wrong. My adversary may offend the judge with his pride and impertinences, and I win my cause; but he meant it not me as a courtesy. I scaped pirates by being shipwrecked, was the wreck a benefit therefore? No: the doing of courtesies aright, is the mixing of the respects for his own sake, and for mine. He that doeth them merely for his own sake, is like one that feeds his cattle to sell them; he hath his horse well drest for Smithfield,

THE MARCH WIND.

Hark! hark! 'tis abroad, and no fetters can bind,
Nor tyrant controul it-the mighty March Wind-
It calls the pale worker from factory and frame-
I even imagine it calleth his name!

In a voice deep as thunder, it seems thus to speak-
"Come forth to old Charnwood! come forth to the Peak!
See the tall Clifton Grove, how it bends to the blast!
How around and above the huge shadows sweep past!"
Away! there is vigour and joy for the mind-

There is freshness and health in the mighty March Wind!

How many drear months, since the flow'rs ceased to bloom,
Have ye breathed latent death, in th' o'ercrowded work-room.
How oft, when without the thick fogs have hung low,
Have ye sighed for sweet spring, and the wild winds to blow.
Well, the wild winds are blowing, and spring now is nigh;
And spots of gold sunshine in low valleys lie;

Haste forth, then, and feel the fresh gale and warm sun;-
Call the poor winders, too, and let them have a run,

For there's death in the wheel,-but there's life to the mind-
Nay, there's rapture and bliss in the mighty March Wind!

If it loosen the roots of the sturdy old tree,-
Why, the sap to the top-branch will rise the more free.
If the bough that is rotten be dashed to the ground,
'Twill afford the growth-room to those that are sound.
If it thin the old forests, and trouble the seas,
"Twill awake stalwart courage, and scatter disease.
Like a true Briton's friendship, though rough, 'tis sincere,
Shouting, "Yonder goes winter, boys, be of good cheer!"
Oh! boundless as genius, as thought unconfined,-
It is grand to enjoy it-the mighty March Wind!

Ye linger. Is tyranny's hest in the way?

Or your limbs, are they nerveless the will to obey?
Fear nothing; when dangers our pathway bespread,
Then the sap of true energy tends to the head!

With a crust in your scrip, and a staff in your hand,
And resolve in your hearts, ye the hills rainbow-spanned

May ascend-nay, methinks, I now hear your blithe cheer,-
"Hurrah for blest Freedom! 'tis good to be here!"

"Hurrah!" replies echo, and startles the hind—

And your voice mounts to heav'n on the mighty March Wind!

Away, then, nor quail at the sharp-driving sleet;

A way to the wild scenes with firm-planted feet;

There mark how the mountain groves bow the tall head-
For the gale is still rude, though the shadows are fled.
And the shadows of mind too, like clouds disappear;
And the broad disc of knowledge begins to shine clear;
And the Voice of the People loud shakes every shore,
Like the crash of the elements-hark to its roar!
And their pow'r shall increase till they go forth combined,
Resistless and free as the mighty March Wind!

Leicester.

WILLIAM JONES.

FRIENDSHIP.-A likeness of inclinations in every particular is so far from being requisite to form a benevolence in two minds towards each other, as it is generally imagined, that I believe we shall find some of the firmest friendships to have been contracted between persons of different humours; the mind being often pleased with those perfections which are new to it, and which it does not find among its own accomplishments. Besides that a man in some measure supplies his own defects, and fancies himself possessed of those good qualities and endowments which are in the possession of him who in the eye of the world is looked on as his other self.-Budgell.

CRITICAL EXEGESIS OF GOSPEL HISTORY,

ON THE BASIS OF STRAUSS'S 'LEBEN JESU.'

A SERIES OF EIGHT DISCOURSES; DELIVERED AT THE LITERARY INSTITUTION, JOHN STREET, TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD, AND AT THE HALL OF SCIENCE, CITY ROAD, ON SUNDAY EVENINGS, DURING THE WINTERS OF 1848-9, AND 1849-50.

COMMENTATORS have experienced indescribable difficulty with the 'Cure at a distance' described by Matthew, 8 ch. 5 v.; Luke, 7 ch. 1 v. ; and John, 4 ch. 46 v. Matthew and Luke make the applicant for the cure a 'centurion :' John makes him a "nobleman,' or, as it might be better translated, a royal officer: Luke makes the patient a servant : John makes him a 'son':' Matthew, according to the English version, agrees with Luke-but one of the Greek words employed by Matthew may mean either son' or 'servant.' In all the three, the patient is at Capernaum when the cure takes place; and in Matthew and Luke, Jesus is there also-but in John, Jesus is at Cana, and pronounces the cure of the patient at Capernaum! In Matthew, the patient is described as 'sick of the palsy, grievously tormented ;' in Luke, he is, simply sick, and ready to die'; in John, he is at the point of death,' and the disease is a 'fever." Matthew and John make the centurion' or 'nobleman' apply in person to Jesus: Luke makes the centurion' send the elders of the Jews' to Jesus-relates that Jesus 'went with them'-but never brings Jesus and the centurion together, for before Jesus can arrive, the centurion again sends 'friends' to him, entreating him to say in a word,' and the cure would be performed. The man's faith is eulogised as unique, by Jesus, according to Matthew and Luke; while according to John, Jesus either reprehends the man for his want of faith-or, if the reprehension be intended for others— Christ, at any rate, does not utter the eulogy upon the applicant.

6

These, and other divergencies, which you will observe by an attentive perusal of the three narratives, have caused some commentators to contend that we have in them, either two or three different cases of cure at a distance.' But this, like similar attempts at explication of difficulty in other relations of the Gospel Miracles, fails, on a close analysis. Those who wish to make it appear that three cures are described, are puzzled to explain away the similarities which exist among the divergencies of the three narratives; while they who are for the scheme of two cures-making Matthew and Luke describe one, and John the other-are still in difficulty with the strange divergencies between Matthew and Luke! A severer criticism will discover a more likely source of divergence in the three narratives considered as intended relations of one 6 cure at a distance'-in the tendency of legend to differ, and pile marvel, sometimes in one direction, sometimes in another. Lest it should be thought, however, that we are here pushing our theory too far, and that there is in reality room for regarding John's narrative as utterly distinct from that of Matthew and Luke-we will suspend criticism, or rather, leave the commentators to their own difficult work-and turn to the question of the possibility of such a cure.

It is only in animal magnetism that any analogy is found for this distant influence whether directed, by Jesus, say from one street to another at Ca