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231

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Weil. Andrew. Why Coca Leaf Should Be Available As A Fecreational Drug.
J. Psychoactive Drugs, (1). pp. 75-78, Jan-Mar 1977.

Gawin, F... and Kleber, H.D.

Cocaine Abuse Treatment--Open Pilot Trial with Desipramine and Lithium
Carbonate. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1. pp. 907-909, 1934.

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26a)

Nadelmann, Ethan. U.S. Drug Policy: A Bad Export. Foreign Folicy, 70, pp. 92-95, Spring 1999.

Narcotics Addicts in Kentucky.

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27)

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John A. O'Donnell, U.S. Public Health Service Publication No. :981.
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Chevy Chase. Maryland, 1969.
Licit and Illicit Drugs. Op. Cit.: pp. 8-11.

Op. Cit.: pp. 42-46.

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Riedlinger, June. The Scheduling of MDMA: A Pharmacist's Perspective.
J. Psychoactive Drugs, 17 (3), pp. 167-171. Cct-Dec 1986.

Wolfson, Philip. Meetings at the Edge with Adam: A Man for All
Seasons? J. Psychoactive Drugs, 18 (4), pp. 329-333, Oct-Dec 1986.
Krippner, Stanley. Psychedelic Drugs and Creativity. J. Psychoactive
Drugs. 17 (4), pp. 235-245. Oct-Dec 1985.

J. Psychoactive Drugs. 17 (4),

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Yensen, Richard. LSD and Psychotherapy.
pp. 267-277, Oct-Dec 1995.

33d)

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Kurland, Albert. LSD in the Supportive Care of the Terminally Ill
Cancer Patient. J. Psychoactive Drugs. 17 (4), pp. 279-290, Oct-Dec 1955.

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Mushrooms: - Psychedelic Fungi, pp. 108-109. Chelsea House: New York, 1986, 129 pages.

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Yesavage, J.A.: Leirer, V.O.; Denari. M.; and Hollister, L.E.
Carry-over Effects of Marijuana Intoxication on Aircraft Pilot
Performance: A Preliminary Report.

American Journal of Psychiatry. 142 (11):

Morgan, John. Carry-Over Effects of Marijuana. Am. J. Psychiatry, 144 (2), pp. 259-260. Feb 1987.

1325-1329. 1995.

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Bearman, David. The Medical Case Against Drug Testing. F. 126 in:
Wrich. James. Beyond Testing: Coping with Drugs at Work.
Harvard Business Peview, 99 (1), po. 120-130. Jan-Feb 1999.

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Terris. M. Epidemiology of Cirrhosis of the Liver: National Mortality
Data. Am. J. Public Health, 57 (12), pp. 2076-2009. Dec 1967.

Surveillance Report No. 9. Liver Cirrhosis Mortality in the United
States. 1971-1995. U.S. Deoartment of Health and Human Services. Public
Health Service. Alcohol. Drug Abuse. and Mental Health Administration,
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. June 1999.

39)

USA Today, May 17.
Surgeon General C.
and all other drugs:

1988:

5. 3A.

Everett Koop citing deaths caused by tobacco, alcohol.
Tobacco--320,000 per year.
Alcohol--125,000 per vear.
All Other Drugs--10,000 per year.

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39b)

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Marmot. M.G.. et al. Alcohol and Mortality:
1, pp. 590-583, 1931.

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[I question the last statistic, as calculations obtained from other scurces indicated less than 5,000 deaths from all other drugs in the mcst recent vear for which I could find complete data, 1986. Those sources were the National Narcotics Intelligence Consumers (NNICC) Committee Report for 1987, which was released in April 1998. and the statistics from the Community Epidemiology Work Group Proceedings of December 1987. The latter was published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Epidemiology and Statistical Analysis in Rockville, Maryland. The former is prepared by NNICC themselves).

Kagan, A., et al. Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease: The Hawaiian
Experience. Circulation, 64 (Supp. 3). pp. 27-31, 1981.

A U-Shaped Curve. Lancet.

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Werth, J.A. A Little Wine for the Heart's Sake. Lancet, 2, p. 1:41. 1980.

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Kupfer, Andrew. What to do About Drugs. Fortune, 117 (13), pp. 40-41.
June 20, 1988.

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Church, George, et al.
pp. 14-15, May 30, 1938.

Thinking the Unthinkable.

Time, 131 (22).

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Aldrich, Michael, and Mikuriya, Tod. Savings in California Marijuana
Law Enforcement Costs Attributable to the Moscone Act of 1976--A SLITary.
J. Psychoactive Drugs, 20 (1), pp. 75-81. Jan-Mar 1988.

Fortune. Op. Cit.: D. 40.

BACKGROUND

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Berridge, Virginia, and Edwards. Griffith.

Opium and the People: coiate use in nineteenth-century England. London: A. Lane. 1981, 369 pages.

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Masters. Robert E.L.. and Houston, Jean. The Varieties of Psychedelic
Experience. New York: Holt, Rhinehart and Winston, 1966. 326 pages.

Musto, David F. The American Disease:
York, Oxford University Press, 1987.

Origins of Narcotic Control. New

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Weil, Andrew. The Natural Mind:

Nadelmann, Ethan A. The Case for Legalization.
pp. 3-31. Summer 1998.

The Public Interest. 92.

Rangel, Charles B. Legalize Drugs? Not on Your Life. New York Times. Op.
.Ed., May 17, 1988.

Reuter, Peter Can the Borders Ee Sealed? The Public Interest. 92. pp. 1-45.
Summer 1988.

Siegel, Ronald K. Cocaine Hallucinations. Am. J. Psychiatry. 135 (3), pp. 309-314. March 1978.

an investigation of drugs and the higher consciousness. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1996, 225 pages.

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PERSONAL CONVERSATIONS

Personal conversation with Inspector Nelson Grillo, Director, District of
Columbia Morals Division, May 1938.

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Personal conversation with Robert Payal of the Ethics and Public Policy
Center, Washington, D.C.. August 1938.

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Personal conversation with Assistant U.S. Attorney John Stevens, U.S.
Department of Justice. Washington, D.C.. April 1988.

Testimony of Paul Moore, September 29, 1988
THE SCOTT NEWMAN CENTER

Chairman Rangel, Committee -mezbera:

*

My name is Paul Moore. I am the Community Liaison for the Scott Newman Center. Since 1980, the Center has been dedicated to Our efforts include preventing drug abuse through education. media education and the development of prevention films, school curricula and books aimed at young people and their parents.

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Our Center's headquarters is in Los Angeles, and as an Angeleno, I am intimately aware of how smog affects us. At its most benign it obscures a clear view of reality; at its worst it is unhealthful and may cause permanent damage to your health, even death.

The same can be said about the legalization of drugs.

"

The Center is unequivocally opposed to the legalizing of drugs. The more time we spend debating this polluted idea, the more currency we give it, the greater risk we run of permanently damaging our society. Why are we not spending this time in the more constructive task of developing sound prevention, treatment and rehabilitation policies?

The answer, of course,, is that the topic of legalization is

media-glamorousy and makes for a facile, sensationalized discussion on talk shows, in op-ed pages and in newsmagazines. We as a society seem addicted to the hype of miracle solutions that look good but don't work.

In arguing for the legalization of drugs, proponents mistake effect for cause. In their simplistic world view, crime and official corruption here and abroad seem to have been invented by illegal drugs, and only the magic word--legalization--is needed for these problems to disappear. Do they think the American public just fell off the turnip truck?

Testimony of Paul Moore, September 29, 1988

THE SCOTT NEWMAN CENTER

Drugs, drug abuse and associated crime are the ugly, visible sores of deeply rooted problems in our society, nation, and world. They are the chickens of neglect coming home to roost. Drugs did not invent poverty, broken homos, gangs or unstable, profiteering foreign governments. Drugs did not invent greed, nor latchkey children, nor the human desire for a quick fix and easy out. Nor, for that matter, did drugs invent the general breakdown of moral and ethical values,

Without drugs, these problems remain. With legalized drugs, they become more insidious, more intractable, because society will have deemed one more poison legally acceptable.

There is a darker, underlying current in the arguments for legalization--that somehow, if only we would let the ghettoes and barrios have the drugs we assume they want, the druggles won't be breaking into the homes and apartments of the rest of us. We will have "sanitized" the problem. The facts are, of course, that drug use and abuse extend well beyond ghettoes and barrios to suburban living rooms and backyards.

ghettoes

Not only is such a thought immoral and irresponsible, it accepts real suffering from drug use and abuse as a "cost-effective" trade-off for an imagined decrease in crime. We at the Center do not believe in benign neglect.

The Center, already deeply concerned about media influences, is horrified at the possibility of sending a whole new set of mixed messages to our young people. Let's be honest with ourselves: drugs already have a glamorous and sexy image. If we legalize them, we won't be able to keep drugs--anymore than we have cigarettes and alcohol--out of the hands of our kids. Our national efforts in the past decade have resulted in a measurable effect on drug consumption and, more importantly, in attitudes towards drug use among youth.

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