from the fury of a victorious enemy by the efforts disinterestedness, your courage, and your constanof Volumnia, and other Roman ladies: So many cy will always be dear to America, as long as she famous sieges, where the women have been seen, shall preserve her virtue. forgetting the weakness of their sex, building We know that, at a distance from the theatre of new walls, digging trenches with their feeble hands, furnishing arms to their defenders, they war, if we enjoy any tranquility, it is the fruit of themselves darting the missile weapons on the your watchings, your labors, your dangers. If I enemy, resigning the ornaments of their appa live happy in the midst of my family, if my husrel, and their fortune, to fill the public treasury, band cultivates his field, and reaps his harvest in and to hasten the deliverance of their country; peace; if, surrounded with my children, I myself burying themselves under its ruins; throwing them- nourish the youngest, and press it to my bosom, selves into the flames rather than submit to without being afraid of seeing myself separated from it, by a ferocious enemy; if the house in which the disgrace of humiliation before a proud ene. we dwell; if our barns, our orchards are safe at the my. present time from the hands of those incendiaries, it is to you that we owe it. And shall we hesitate to evidence to you our gratitude? Shall we hesitate to wear a clothing more simple; hairdresses less elegant, while, at the price of this small privation, we shall deserve your benedictions. Who amongst us, will not renounce, with the highest pleasure, those vain ornaments, when she shall consider that the valiant defenders of America will be able to draw some advantage from the mo. ney which she may have laid out in these; that they will be better defended from the rigors of the seasons; that, after their painful toils, they will receive some extraordinary and unexpected relief; that these presents will perhaps be valued by them Born for liberty, disdaining to bear the irons of a tyrannic government, we associate ourselves to the grandeur of those sovereigns, cherished and revered, who have held with so much splendor the sceptre of the greatest states. The Matildas, the Elizabeths, the Maries, the Catharines, who have extended the empire of liberty, and, contented to reign by sweetness and justice, have broken the chains of slavery, forged by tyrants in the times of ignorance and barbarity. The Spanish women, do they not make, at this moment, the most patriotic sacrifices, to increase the means of victory in the hands of their sovereign? He is a friend to the French nation. They are our allies. We call to mind, doubly interested, that it was a French maid at a greater price, when they will have it in their who kindled up amongst her fellow citizens, the power to say: This is the offering of the ladies. flame of patriotism buried under long misfortunes: The time is arrived to display the same sentiments It was the maid of Orleans who drove from the which animated us at the beginning of the revolukingdom of France the ancestors of those same tion, when we renounced the use of teas, however British, whose odious yoke we have just shaken agreeable to our taste, rather than receive them off; and whom it is necessary that we drive from from our persecutors; when we made it appear to them that we placed former necessaries in the rank this continent. when our republican and laborious hands spun the But I must limit myself to the recollection of of superfluities, when our liberty was interested; this small number of achievements. Who knows if persons disposed to censure, and sometimes too severely with regard to us, may not disapprove our appearing acquainted even with the actions of which our sex boasts? We are at least certain, that he cannot be a good citizen who will not applaud our efforts for the relief of the armies which de. fend our lives, our possessions, our liberty? The situation of our soldiery has been represented to me; the evils inseparable from war, and the firm and generous spirit which has enabled them to sup port these. But it has been said, that they may apprehend, that, in the course of a long war, the view of their distresses may be lost, and their ser General Arnold. vices forgotten. Forgotten! never; I can answer The following is the letter of this infamous man to in the name of all my sex. Brave Americans, your the commander in chief, after his treason, and an account of a procession which was had in the dressed in regimentals, had two faces, emblematicity of Philadelphia a day or two after the date of this letter: cal of his traitorous conduct, a mask in his left hand, and a letter in his right from Belzebub, tel. ling him that he had done all the mischief he could do, and now he must hang himself. "On board the Vulture, Sept. 25, 1780. "SIR-The heart which is conscious of its own rectitude cannot attempt to palliate a step which At the back of the general, was a figure of the the world may censure as wrong; I have ever acted devil, dressed in black robes, shaking a purse of from a principle of love to my country, since the money at the general's left ear, and in his right commencement of the present unhappy contest hand a pitch-fork, ready to drive him into hell, as between Great Britain and the colonies; the same the reward due for the many crimes which his thirst principle of love to my country actuates my pre-of gold had made him commit. sent conduct, however it may appear inconsisent to the world, who very seldom judges right of any man's actions. In the front of the stage, and before general Arnold, was placed a large lanthorn of transparent paper, with the consequences of his crimes thus "I have no favor to ask for myself. I have too delineated, i. e. on one part general Arnold on his often experienced the ingratitude of my country to knees before the devil, who is pulling him into the attempt it; but from the known humanity of your flames-a label from the general's mouth with excellency, I am induced to ask your protection these words, "My dear sir, I have served you faithfor Mrs. Arnold, from every insult and injury that fully;" to which the devil replies, "And I'll reward you." On another side, two figures hanging, the mistaken vengeance of my country may expose her to. It ought to fall only on me, she is as good inscribed, "The Traitor's Reward," and wrote unand as innocent as an angel, and is incapable of derneath, "The adjutant general of the British ardoing wrong. I beg she may be permitted to re- my, and Joe Smith; the first hanged as a spy, and turn to her friends in Philadelphia, or to come to the other as a traitor to his country." And on the me as she may choose; from your excellency I have front of the lanthorn was wrote the following:no fears on her account, but she may suffer from the mistaken fury of the country. "I have to request that the enclosed letter may be delivered to Mrs. Arnold, and she permitted to write to me. "I have also to ask that my clothes and baggage, which are of little consequence, may be sent to me; if required, their value shall be paid in money, "I have the honor to be, with great regard and esteen, your excellency's most obedient humble servant, B. ARNOLD. "His excellency, general Washington. "N. B. In justice to the gentlemen of my family, col. Varrick and major Franks, I think myself in honor bound to declare, that they, as well as Joshua Smith, esq. (who I know are suspected) are to tally ignorant of any transactions of mine, that they had reason to believe were injurious to the public." A concise description of the figures exhibited and pa raded through the streets of this city on Saturday last. A stage raised on the body of a cart, on which was an effigy of general Arnold sitting; this was "Major general Benedict Arnold, late commander of the fort West Point. The crime of this man is high treason. "He has deserted the important post, West Point, on Hudson's river, committed to his charge by his excellency the commander in chief, and is gone off to the enemy at New York. "His design to have given up this fortress to our enemies has been discovered by the goodness of the Omniscient Creator, who has not only prevented him from carrying it into execution, but has thrown into our hands Andre, the adjutant general of their army, who was detected in the infamous character of a spy. "The treachery of the ungrateful general is held up to public view, for the exposition of infamy; and to proclaim, with joyful acclamation, another instance of the interposition of bounteous Providence. "The effigy of this ingrate is therefore hanged (for want of his body) as a traitor to his native country, and a betrayer of the laws of honor." The procession began about four o'clock, in the following order: Several gentlemen mounted on horseback. A line of continental officers. Sundry gentlemen in a line. A guard of the city infantry. which have taken place since the beginning of the war, so we recommend, in a particular manner, to their observation, the goo Iness of God in the year now drawing to a conclusion. In which the confederation of the United States has been com Just before the cart, drums and fifes playing the pleted-in which there have been so many in Rogues march. Guards on each side. The procession was attended with a numer ons concourse of people, who, after expressing their abhorrence of the treason and the traitor, committed him to the flames, and left both the effigy and the original to sink into ashes and oblivion. PROCLAMATION. stances of prowess and success in our armies, particularly in the southern states, where, notwithstanding the difficulties with which they had to struggle, they have recovered the whole country which the enemy had over-run, leaving them only a post or two, on or near the sea;—in which we have been so powerfully and effectually assisted by our allies, while in all the conjunct operations the most perfect harmony has subsisted in the allied army:-in which there has been so plentiful a harves', and so great abundance of the fruits of Whereas, it hath pleased Almighty God, the the earth of every kind, as not only enables us father of mercies, remarkably to assist and sup- easily to supply the wants of our army, but gives port the United States of America, in their im-comfort and happiness to the whole people—and, portant struggle for liberty, sgainst the long con- in which, after the success of our allies by sea, a tinued efforts of a powerful nation, it is the duty general of the first rank, with his whole army, has of all ranks to observe and thankfully acknowledge been captured by the allied forces, under the direc⚫ the interpositions of his Providence in their behalf. tion of our commander in chief. Through the whole of the contest, from its first rise, to this time, the influence of Divine Providence may be clearly perceived in many signal instances, of which we mention but few. It is therefore recommended to the several states to set-apart the thirteenth day of December next, to be religiously observed as a day of thanksgiving and prayer; that all the people may assemble on In revealing the councils of our enemies, when that day, with grateful hearts, to celebrate the the discoveries were seasonable and important, praises of our gracious Benefactor; to confess our and the means were seemingly inadequate or manifold sins; to offer up our most fervent sup. fortuitous;-in preserving and even improving the plications to the God of all Grace, that it may union of the several states, on the breach of which please him to pardon our offences, and incline our our enemies placed their greatest dependence;- hearts for the future to keep all his laws; to comin increasing the number, and adding to the zeal fort and relieve all our brethren who are in distress and attachment of the friends of liberty-in grant- or captivity; to prosper our husbandmen, and give ing remarkable deliverances, and blessing us with success to all engaged in lawful commerce; to the most signal success, when affairs seemed to impart wisdom and integrity to our counsellors, have the most discouraging appearance;—in raising judgment and fortitude to our officers and soldiers, up for us a powerful and generous ally, in one of to protect and prosper our illustrious aily, and the first of the European powers;-in confounding favor our united exertions for the speedy establish the councils of our enemies, and suffering them ment of a safe, honorable, and lasting peace; to to pursue such measures, as have most directly bless all seminaries of learning; and cause the contributed to frustrate their own desires and ex-knowledge of God to cover the earth, as the waters pectations, above all, in making their ex reme cruelty to the inhabitants of these states, when in their power, and their savage devastation of property, the very means of cementing our union, and adding vigour to every effort in opposition to them. cover the seas. Done in congress this twenty-sixth day of Octo ber, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty one, and in the sixth year of the independence of the United States of America. And as we cannot help leading the good people of these states to a retrospect on the events Attest, THOMAS M'KEAN, president. CHARLES THOMSON, sec'ry. 1 FROM THE LONDON CHRONICLE, MARCH 9, 1782. The humble and dutiful declaration and address of his majesty's American loyalists, to the king' most excellent majesty, to both houses of parliament and the people of Great Britain. BALTIMORE, November 15, 1781. The address of the citizens of Baltimore to the honora. ble major general, the marquis de la Fayette. It is with peculiar satisfaction that the citizens of Baltimore embrace the present moment, to express a gratitude which they will always owe to We, his majesty's most dutiful and faithful submajor general the marquis de la Fayette; and to jects, the loyal inhabitants of America, who have congratulate him, personally, on the late important happily got within the protection of the British events in Virginia and South Carolina, so glorious forces, as well as those who, though too wise not and consequential to America. to have foreseen the fatal tendency of the present Among the first in our cause, you early found a wanton and causeless rebellion, yet, from numberway to our affections, with him, who has struggled less obstacles, and unexampled severities, have with our various difficulties since their beginning. hitherto been compelled to remain under the At a time when we had no ally, you were our tyranny of the rebels, and submit to the measures friend; and when we gained an ally, your presence of congressional usurpation; animated with the and good offices could not but increase a cordiality purest principles of duty and allegiance to his ma which must render our union with France per-jesty and the British parliament, beg leave, with manent. In particular, we cannot sufficiently acknowledge our sense of your late campaign in Virginia, where, with a few regulars and militia, you opposed the British commander, from whose large army, and military talents, this state had such serious cause of apprehension. These things, sir, have rendered you dear to us, and we feel the highest gratification in seeing, once more, in our town, the man who will always hold a first place in our hearts. BALTIMORE, 5th November, 1781. The answer of major general de la Fayette to the address from the citizens of Baltimore. In the affectionate attentions of the citizens of a free town, I would find a reward for the services of a whole life. The honor to have been among the first American soldiers, is for me a source of the greatest happiness. the deepest humility and reverence, on the presert calamitous occasion of public and national misfortune, in the surrender of lord Cornwallis, and the army under his lordship's command, at York Town, humbly to entreat that your majesty, and the parliament, would be graciously pleased to permit" us to offer this renewed testimony of loyalty and attachment to our most gracious sovereign, and the British nation and government; and thus publicly to repeat our most heart-felt acknowledg ments for the infinite obligations we feel ourselves under for the heavy expenses that have been incurred, and the great national exertions that have been made, to save and rescue us, and your American colonies, from impending ruir, and the accumulated distresses and calamities of civil war. For such distinguished proofs of natio al ease and adequate return which our hearts, replete with the regard, we confess ourselves unable to make that most dutiful and grateful sensations, most willingly offer, but which we have not words sufficient to I participate with you in the glorious events express. Our sufferings as men, and our duty as that have taken place under his excellency gene. loyal subjects, point out to us at once, the proral Washington's immediate command, and under riety, in our present situation, of thus publicly general Greene. I enjoy the effects these will have repeating our assurances, that we revere, with a on the success of our noble cause, and particularly kind of holy enthusiasm, the ancient constitution the advantages which they will afford to this state. of the American colonies; and that we cannot but The time when I had the honor to command the lainent every event, and be anxiously solicitous to remove every cause or suspicion, that might have army in Virginia, which you are pleased so politely the most distant tendency to separate the two to mention, has only shewn that the courage and countries, or in any remote degree to lessen the fortitude of American troops are superior to every claim we have to the present aid and continued kind of difficulty. exertions of Great Britain; especially if it should My campaign began with a personal obligation arise from any misrepresentation or distrust, either to the inhabitants of Baltimore; at the end of it I of our fidelity or numbers, to entitle us to the future find myself bound to them by a new tie of everlast- countenance and protection of that sovereign and ing gratitude. nation, whose government and laws, we call God LA FAYETTE. to witness, that, in the integrity of our souls, we ton, Rhode Island, Philadelphia, Portsmouth, Norprefer to all others. The local prejudices of birth folk, in Virginia, Wilmington, in North Carolina, and education, and the weight of past and happy &c. &c. and then evacuating them, whereby many experience, conspire together to render, in our thousand inhabitants have been involved in the breasts, most sacred and inestimable, our rela. greatest wretchedness, is another substantial restion to British subjects and British laws. We son why more loyalists have not enlisted into his deem it more valuable than life itself, and under majesty's service, or openly espoused and attached the most trying circumstances, have invariably themselves to the royal cause; yet, notwiths:anding resolved, in defiance of every hazard, to assert our all these discouraging circumstances, there are rights; and, as far as in our power, in opposition many more men in his majesty's provincial regiments, to every other state and kingdom in the world, to than there are in the continental service. Hence it adhere to the nation and country from which we cannot be doubted but that there are more loyalists sprung; and to which, with honest pride and in America than there are rebels; and also, that gratitude, we acknowledge that we owe both our natural and political existence. Unhappy, indeed, for ourselves, and we cannot but think unfortunately too for Great Britain, the number of well affected inhabitants in America to the parent country, cannot, for obvious reasons, be exactly ascertained. But there are facts from which the most undoubted and undeniable conclusions may be inferred, and to which, for want of other evidence, we must recur, resting our appeal upon such proofs to the unerring and unbiassed decision of truth and candour. their zeal must be greater, or so many would not have enlisted into the provincial service, under such very unequal circumstances. Other reasons might be enumerated, why many more have not enlisted into his majesty's provincial service, if we were not prevented from it by motives of delicacy and tenderness to the character of the person to whose management the business of that department was principally committed. We also infer from the small number of militia collected by general Greene, the most popular and able general in the service of congress, in the long circuitous march he took through many of the most Populous, and confessedly the most rebellious counties in that country, that there must be a vast majority of loyalists in that part of America, as well as else. where. The presumption becomes stronger, from a consideration of the well known seduction and The penalty under which any American subject enlists into his majesty's service, is no less than the immediate forfeiture of all his goods and chattels, Jands and tenements; and if apprehended, and convioted by the rebels, of having enlisted, or prevail. ed on any other person to enlist into his majesty's service, it is considered as treason, and punished compulsion which were made use of by the rebel with death: Whereas, no forfeiture is incurred, generals, and other officers, in order to embody or penalty annexed, to his entering into the ser. vice of congress; but, on the contrary, his property is secured, and himself rewarded. the militia, as well as from the manner in which the militia are there mentioned by general Greene, in his public despatches in the course of one month. In that of the 10th of March, he says.-"Our In the former case, he withdraws himself from militia have been upon such loose and uncertain his family and relations, without any possibility of footing, ever since we crossed the Dan, that I receiving any assistance from, or affording any could attempt nothing with confidence." In bis relief to either. In the latter, he is subject to no next of the 16th, in giving his account of two such peculiar self-denials, and real distresses. brigades of militia, consisting of three captains, The embodying provincial corps in New-York, ten subalterns, and 561 rank and file, he returns and sending them on service to Savannah-or in two captains, nine subalterns, and 592 rank and Philadelphia, and ordering them to Pensacola, file missing, besides one regiment, of which he when they might be more usefully employed in could get no return, and adds, "those missing are the province where they were raised: the drafting supposed to have gone home." According to the troops from the corps, and from under the com report of the generals and field officers, very few mand of officers with whom they enlisted, to form were killed or taken; most of them having thrown new corps, and to give a command to other officers, away their arms, and abandoned the field early in are all measures which have had their discouraging the action. In that of the 30th, be writes, "that effects on the recruiting service. nothing but blood and slaughter have prevailed The desultory manner also in which the war has among the whigs and tories; and their inveteracy been carried on, by first taking possession of Bos- 'against each other must, if it continues, depopulate |