DIRECTIONS TO TEACHERS. THE words and sentences at the head of each Lesson should be thoroughly learned by the scholar, being carefully explained, when necessary, by the teacher. All the examples should be well learned by heart. REVIEW OFTEN. The Reading Exercises that follow (from Historiæ Sacra) are not designed to be studied as task-work by the pupil; only to afford practice in easy reading at sight. They should, therefore, be neither parsed nor analyzed, except so far as to make sure that the pupil understands properly what he is reading. If an hour a day should be given to the lessons, they will probably not be found too long; or, if they should, they may be abridged at the discretion of the teacher. The Dialogues (selected from Corderius and Erasmus), which follow in parallel columns, should be studied beforehand, so that the pupil can recite the Latin from the English, or the English from the Latin, without the book, explaining the words or phrases by the Notes, or by the Lessons that have been previously learned. The Reading Lessons, consisting of short fables and familiar pieces, are to be learned by the pupil by aid of the Vocabulary, which is designed to include also the words that have been explained in the Lessons. The Tables of Inflection (taken from the "Manual Latin Grammar") may be used, at the discretion of the teacher, for practice on the declensions and conjugations, after they have been learned from the Lessons. If a scholar has not studied English Grammar, he must learn the following Definitions: — 1. A NOUN is the name of any thing; as man, ship, George. If a noun is the name of a Person, or of any thing spoken of by its own name, as if it were a person, it is a Proper Noun; if not, it is a Common Noun. In the sentence "Boston is a large city," Boston is a proper noun, and city a common noun. If a noun means only one, it is Singular; if it means more than one, it is Plural: boy is singular; boys is plural. This is called NUMBER. If a noun means a male person or creature, it is Masculine; if it means a female, it is Feminine; if it means a thing, it is Neuter: boy is masculine; girl is feminine; stone is neuter. This is called GENDER. 2. An ADJECTIVE is a word used to describe a noun: if I say, 66 a tall man rode a white horse," the words tall and white are adjectives. The Comparative of an adjective means more, and the Superlative, most: if I say, "he is taller than I; this is the fastest horse," the word taller is comparative, and fastest superlative. 3. A PRONOUN is a word used instead of a noun: as, he runs, instead of that boy runs. I and we are the pronouns of the First Person; you is the pronoun of the Second Person; he, she, it, they, are pronouns of the Third Person. These are the PERSONAL PRONOUNS. The words this, that, these, those, are called DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS; who and which are RELATIVE PRONOUNS; who, which, what, used to ask a question, are INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS. 4. A VERB is a word which tells of any thing that is done or happens. In the sentence "we ran together, and I fell," ran and fell are verbs. The SUBJECT of a verb is the person or thing it tells of: if I say, the horse runs," horse is the subject of runs. The OBJECT of a verb is the person or thing that any thing is done to if I say, "he wrote a letter," he is the subject, and letter the object of wrote. If a verb tells that one does any thing, it is in the ACTIVE VOICE; if it tells that any thing is done, it is in the PASSIVE VOICE. If I say, "he threw a ball," threw is active; if I say, "the ball was thrown," was-thrown is passive. 1. There is no word in Latin for a or the. The word dies may mean a day, or the day; primo die means on the first day. The words a, an, the, are called ARTICLES. 2. There is no word in Latin for he, she, or it. The word fecit may mean he made, or, she made. Sometimes we may use, for he, she, it, a Demonstrative Pronoun: as, hic, hæc, hoc, this one; or, is, ea, id, that one. 3. The third person of a verb in the Active Voice ends in t; the third person plural in nt. aquas in unum locum, et eduxit e terrâ plantas et waters one place, led-out plants árbores. Quarto die fecit solem, et lunam, et stellas. trees. Fourth sun, moon, stars. Quinto die fecit aves quæ vólitant in aëre, et pisces Fifth birds which fly air, fishes qui natant in aquis. Sexto die fecit omnia animantia, Lesson 2. inter, between or among. qui, quæ, quod, who or which (nom.). pater vocat filium, the father calls [his] son. ibi, there. hæc puella amat sororem, this girl loves [her] sister. 4. In these examples, pater, filius, puella, are in the Nominative Case; and patrem, filium, sororem, in the Accusative. 5. The Nominative is the Subject of the sentence, and the Accusative the Object. 6. The nominative singular of almost all masculine nouns, and many feminine nouns, ends in o, r, or s; and their accusative always ends in m. Very many feminine nouns end in a. 7. Many names of Things are masculine or feminine in Latin. II. The Garden of Eden. Deus pósuit Adámum et Evam in horto amœ placed garden most inter eas arbor scientiæ boni et mali. Deus dixit |