Queen to yield. If she should still persist and attempt to form a ministry of her own, without the consent of the legislature, she will surely imperil her throne. She is well known to be much more stubborn in character than her brother, the late King, but my present belief is that she will finally yield to the legal and other legitimate forces operative against her present course and place herself in the hands of the conservative and respectable men of the country as the only way to retain her throne.

Early in the spring of 1891 the supreme court decided that the Cabinet of the late King ceased to have legal existence at his death. A new Cabinet was appointed which seemed to give general satisfaction and somewhat to allay earlier apprehensions touching the probable course of the Queen. Mr. Stevens, however, expressed some lack of faith in the minister of finance.

In September, 1891, Mr. Stevens wrote that the prince consort, husband of Queen Liliuokalani, a native of New York and strongly American in his sympathies, had died August 27, 1891.

At the same time the minister reported a project for a revision of the reciprocity treaty between this Government and Hawaii, prompted by the removal of the tariff on sugar, which materially, if not vitally, affected the principal interests of the islands. Late in 1891, Mr. Mott Smith was appointed a special envoy to the United States to negotiate such an agreement, and a legislature favorable to the treaty was elected in February, 1892.

In a confidential communication of March 8, 1892, Mr. Stevens reports revolutionary plans to be held in check solely by the presence of an United States naval vessel, and describes a very general sentiment of hostility to the succession of the "half English" heir to the throneat the time being educated in England-and a growing inclination among all classes towards annexation to the United States. (Appendix.) Mr. Stevens's dispatches continue to be of the same tenor. The subjection of the queen to the influences of a half-caste Tahitian of the name of Wilson, and marshal of the Kingdom, since soon after her accession, continued to excite considerable dissatisfaction, and revolutionary schemes were rife throughout the year. The attitude of the Queen and her immediate entourage. was one of arrogance. Late in August or early in September the cabinet was voted out, and a deadlock followed between the Queen and the legislature. The new cabinet was objectionable to the better elements, but a vote of want of confi dence sufficiently decisive to bring on the crisis was not secured until the 17th October. The minister said in his dispatch of October 19, 1892, on the situation

My present impression is, that the Queen and her faction will have to yield. Otherwise the entire overthrow of the monarchy could not be long delayed.

In his No. 74, of November 20, Mr. Stevens gave a full statement of the financial, agricultural, social, and political condition of the islands, and said:

One of two courses seems to me absolutely necessary to be followed: Either bold and vigorous measures for annexation or a "customs union," an ocean cable from the Californian coast to Honolulu, Pearl Harbor perpetually ceded to the United States, with an implied but not necessarily stipulated American protectorate over the islands.

Reports to the Secretary of the Navy-especially those beginning with one from Rear-Admirl Brown, dated September 6, 1892-corrob-. orated the American minister's accounts and forecasts of events in Hawaii until, on the 28th of January, telegraphic news was received from both sources of the accomplishment of a peaceful revolution at Honolulu and the dethronement of the Queen. (Appendix.)

The correspondence examined in the preparation of this report in-
dicates the general policy of this Government towards the Hawaiian
Islands to have been, from 1820 to 1893, one of close friendship and
protection, prompted by a desire for the welfare and autonomy of the
islands and a careful preservation of American rights and territory on
this continent. The active intervention of foreign powers in the affairs
of Hawaii is shown to have been uniformly regarded with distrust, and
a determined attitude against it seems to have been frankly assumed
whenever occasion called for an expression of purpose upon the subject
from the United States. This view of the common interests of the two
countries several times contemplated annexation as a necessity under
apprehended foreign encroachment at Honolulu, and once, if not more
than once, as the positive policy of this Government-notably in the
administration of President Pierce.
Respectfully submitted.

ANDREW H. ALLEN,

Chief, Bureau of Rolls and Library.

[The narrative of events from the 17th of January, 1893, is continued in the report accompanying the President's message of February 15, 1893, sending to the Senate the treaty concluded and signed at Washington, February 14, 1893, by the Secretary of State of the United States and the representatives of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands.]

The time and assistance available in the preparation of the foregoing report and this appendix have not been sufficient to render a full presentation of the correspondence involved practicable here. The purpose of this supplement therefore is to give a general view of the progress of events and to submit copies of all papers of ascertained importance to a clear understanding and reënforcement of the narrative, except those published in the volumes of Foreign Relations of the United States and other volumes, to which reference is noted in a bibliographical paragraph.

It has been deemed neither necessary nor advisable to touch upon the subject of private claims of the citizens or subjects of either country against the government of the other, as none of the claims adverted to in the consular or diplomatic correspondence appears to have become at any time matter of special or separate negotiation or to have reached a position of adequate moment to demand any further action than the exercise of good offices by the diplomatic representative of the Government of the claimant.

Three unperfected treaties described in the correspondence are deposited in this Bureau, those of 1849, 1855, and 1867, respectively.

A considerable volume of correspondence upon Hawaiian relations will be found in the archives of the Navy Department, should it be regarded as desirable to examine letters of naval officers of the United States in support or elaboration of the consular and diplomatic letters given or referred to in the list of papers.

The present report and appendix bring the narrative down to the revolution of January 17, 1893, from which point it is continued in the report accompanying the President's message of February 15, 1893, sending to the Senate the treaty concluded and signed at Washington, February 14, 1893, by the Secretary of State of the United States and the representatives of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands.

A list of papers, chronologically arranged, follows, and is, in its turn, followed by a brief subject index for more convenient reference. A. H. A.

BUREAU OF ROLLS AND LIBRARY, February 14, 1893.

25

1

LIST OF PAPERS.

[The arrangement is chronological.]

Treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation between the United States and the
Sandwich Islands, signed at Honolulu, December 23, 1826.

Letter to the Secretary of the Navy from Thomas ap Catesby Jones, December 25,
1826. Extract.

Extract of letter to William Bolton Finch, U. S. S. Vincennes, January 20, 1829.

Treaty between Great Britain and Hawaii of November 16, 1836, signed at Hono-
lulu.

Treaty between France and Hawaii, signed at Honolulu, July 12, 1839.
Treaty between France and Hawaii, sigued at Honolulu, July 17, 1839.

Message of the President of December 31, 1842. (H. R. Ex. Doc. No. 35, Twenty-
seventh Congress, third session.)

Commercial Agent William Hooper's, No. 22, March 7, 1843.
Commercial Agent William Hooper's, No. 23, March 11, 1843.
Commercial Agent William Hooper's, No. 28, August 15, 1843.

Mr. Webster to Mr. Brown, No. 7, March 15, 1843.
Commercial Agent Hooper's No. 28, August 15, 1843.
Mr. Brown to Mr. Webster, No. 5, October 26, 1843.
Mr. Brown to Mr. Webster, No. 6, November 4, 1843.

Declaration of Great Britain and France relating to independence of islands, London,
November 28, 1843.

Mr. Calhoun to Mr. Brown, No. 4, January 20, 1845.

Treaty of peace, amity, and commerce between France and Hawaii, signed at Hono-
lulu, March 26, 1846.

Mr. Buchanan to Mr. Ten Eyck, Angust 28, 1848.

Article 6, treaty with France of July 17, 1849.

Mr. Ten Eyck to Mr. Buchanan, No. 55, September 3, 1849.

Mr. Turrill to Mr. Clayton, No. 30, September 4, 1849.

Treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation between the United States and
Hawaiian Islands, concluded at Washington 20th December, 1849.

Messrs. Judd and Jarves to Mr. Clayton, May 30, 1850.

Mr. Clayton to Messrs. Judd and Jarves, June 3, 1850.

Mr. Clayton to Mr. Rives, No. 15, July 5, 1850.

Mr. Rives to Mr. Webster, No. 49, September 12, 1850.

Mr. Severance to Mr. Webster, No. 6, March 11, 1851.

Mr. Webster to Mr. Rives, No. 28, June 19, 1851.

Joint resolution of the nobles and representatives of June 21, 1851

Mr. Rives to Mr. Webster, No. 95, July 8, 1851.

Mr. Webster to Mr. Severance, No. 4, July 14, 1851.

Confidential, Mr. Webster to Mr. Severance, July 14, 1851.

Mr. Rives to Mr. Webster, No. 97, July 22, 1851.

Mr. Rives to Mr. Seward, No. 109, October 30, 1851.

Mr. Marcy to Mr. Mason, No. 3, December 16, 1853.
Message of the President of March 3, 1854.

Treaty of reciprocity, unperfected, 1855.

(Bureau of Rolls and Library, Department of State.)

Mr. McBride to Mr. Seward, No. 9, October 9, 1863.
Mr. Seward to Mr. McBride, No. 10, January 14, 1864.
Message of the President, February 5, 1864.

Mr. McBride to Mr. Seward, No. 37, September 16, 1864.
Mr. McCook to Mr. Seward, No. 6, September 3, 1866.

Mr. McCook to Mr. Seward, private, June 7, 1867.

Mr. Seward to Mr. McCook, No. 33, July 13, 1867.

Mr. McCook to Mr. Seward, No. 31, August 5, 1867.

Mr. Seward to Mr. McCook, confidential, September 12, 1867.

Mr. Seward to Mr. McCook, No. 36, October 5, 1867.

Mr. Seward to Mr. Spalding, No. 42, July 5, 1868.

Mr. McCook to Mr. Seward, No. 54, August 14, 1868, with closure.

Message of President Johnson, December 9, 1868.

Mr. Z. S. Spalding to Mr.

Spalding, April 14, 1869.

Mr. McCook and Mr. De Varigny, notes of conversations, September 14, 1869, and Mr.

McCook and the King.

Mr. Pierce to Mr. Fish, No. 189, February 7, 1873.
Mr. Pierce to Mr. Fish, No. 190, February 10, 1873.
Mr. Pierce to Mr. Fish, No. 191, February 17, 1873.

Gen. Schofield to Gen. Belknap, May 8, 1873.
Mr. Pierce to Mr. Fish, No. 241, February 11, 1874.
Mr. Pierce to Mr. Fish, No. 243, February 17, 1874.
Mr. Pierce to Mr. Fish, No. 245, February 20, 1874.
Mr. Pierce to Mr. Fish, No. 291, October 12, 1874.
Treaty between the United States and the Hawaiian Islands, Commercial Reciproc-
ity, January 30, 1875.

Treaty: Protocol of Conference, September 9, 1876. (Ratification of Commercial
Reciprocity.)

Mr. Evarts to Mr. Coinly, No. 28, August 6, 1878. (See Foreign Relations of the United
States, 1878.)

Mr. Evarts to Mr. Comly, No. 81, November 13, 1880.

Mr. Blaine to Mr. Comly, No. 102, June 30, 1881. (See Foreign Relations of the United
States, 1881.)

Mr. Blaine to Mr. Comly, No. 113, December 1, 1881. (See Foreign Relations of the
United States, 1881.)

Confidential, Mr. Blaine to Mr. Comly, December 1, 1881.

Mr. Frelinghuysen to Mr. Daggett, No. 42, December 6, 1883. (See Foreign Relations of the United States, 1883.)

Treaty: Hawaiian Islands Supplementary Convention, December 6, 1884. Reciproc-
ity and Pearl River Harbor Cession.

Mr. Merrill to Mr. Bayard, No. 78, September 2, 1886.
Mr. Merrill to Mr. Bayard, No. 85, October 19, 1886.
Mr. Hastings to Mr. Bayard, No. 89, October 28, 1886.
Mr. Bayard to Mr. Merrill, No. 52, July 12, 1887.
United States, 1887.)

(See Foreign Relations of the

Mr. Merrill to Mr. Bayard, No. 173, February 24, 1888. (See Foreign Relations of the
United States, 1888.)

Treaty: Parcels Post Convention between the United States and the Hawaiian King-
dom, December 19, 1888.

Mr. Merrill to Mr. Blaine, No. 255, August 1, 1889.

Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 46, February 8, 1892.

Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 48, March 8, 1892.

Admiral Brown to the Secretary of the Navy, September 6, 1892.

Mr. Stevens to Mr. Foster, No. 74, November 20, 1892.

Mr. Stevens to Mr. Foster, No. 65, September 14, 1892.

Capt. Wiltse to the Secretary of the Navy, October 12, 1892.
Capt. Wiltse to the Secretary of the Navy, October 20, 1892.
Mr. Stevens to Mr. Foster, No. 72, October 31, 8892.

Capt. Wiltse to the Secretary of the Navy, November 1, 1892.
Capt. Wiltse to the Secretary of the Navy, November 9, 1892.

Message of the President, February 6, 1893. Sen. Ex. Doc. No. 45, 52d Cong. 2d sess.

ADDENDA.

Treaty of amity, commerce, and unavigation, unperfected, 1849. (Bureau of Rolls and Library, Department of State.)

Treaty of reciprocity, unperfected, 1867. (Bureau of Rolls and Library, Department of State.)

SUBJECT INDEX.

Annexation to the United States:

Mr. Severance to Mr. Webster, No. 6, March 11, 1851.

Mr. Webster to Mr. Severance, July 4, 1851 (confidential).

Mr. Marcy to Mr. Mason, No. 3, December 16, 1853.

Mr. McCook to Mr. Seward, No. 6, September 3, 1866.

Mr. McCook to Mr. Seward (private), June 7, 1867.

Mr. Seward to Mr. McCook, No. 33. July 13, 1867.

Mr. Seward to Mr. McCook (confidential), September 12, 1867.
Mr. Seward to Mr. Spalding, No. 42, July 5, 1868.

Mr. Z. S. Spaulding to Mr. Spaulding, April 14, 1869.
Mr. Pierce to Mr. Fish, No. 189, February 7, 1873.

Mr. Pierce to Mr. Fish, No. 191, February 17, 1873.

Gen. Schofield to Gen. Belknap, May 8, 1873.

Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 46, February 8, 1892.
Mr. Stevens to Mr. Blaine, No. 48, March 8, 1892.

Admiral Brown to Secretary of Navy, September 6, 1892.