provided, and where it is necessary to provide fire escapes on the outside of such establishments, they shall consist of landings or balconies at each floor above the first, to be built according to specifications approved by the factory inspector. The windows or doors leading to all fire escapes shall open outwardly, or upwardly when provided with a counter balancing weight, said windows or doors to be not less than thirty-six (36) inches in height and thirty (30) inches in width. All fire escapes shall be located as far as possible, consistent with accessibility, from the stairways and elevator batchways or openings; and the ladder thereof shall extend to the roof. Stationary stairs or ladders shall be provided on the inside from the upper story to the roof as a means of escape in case of fire. Signs indicating the way to fire escapes shall be placed in conspicuous places. Factory inspectors shall in writing notify the owner, agent or lessee of such manufacturing establishment of the required location and specifications of such fire escape as may be ordered. SEC. 7. Proper and substantial handrails shall be provided on all stairways in manufacturing establishments, and where in the opinion of the factory inspector it is necessary, the steps of such stairs in all such establishments shall be substantially covered with rubber securely fastened thereon for the better safety of persons employed in said establishments. The stairs shall be properly screened at sides and bottom where females are employed, and where practicable the doors of such establishments shall swing outwardly or slide as ordered by said factory inspector and shall be neither locked, bolted or fastened during working hours. SEC. 8. It shall also be the duty of the owner of such factory, or his agent, superintendent or other person in charge of the same, to furnish or supply or cause to be furnished and supplied, in the discretion of the factory inspector, where machinery is in use, proper shifters or other mechanical contrivances for purpose of throwing belts on or off pulleys. All gearing or belting shall be provided with proper safeguards, and wherever possible, machinery shall be provided with loose pulleys. All vate, saws, pans, planers, cogs, set screws, gearing and machinery of every description shall be properly guarded when deemed necessary by the factory inspector. SEC. 9. Exhaust fans shall be provided for the purpose of carrying off dust from emery wheels and grindstones, and dust creating machinery, wherever deemed necessary by the factory inspector. SEC. 10. Every factory in which five or more persons are employed and every factory or workshop in which two or more children, young persons or women are employed shall be kept in a cleanly state and free from effluvia arising from any drain. privy or other nuisance, and shall be provided within reasonable access with a sufficient number of proper water closets, earth closets or privies, for the reasonable use of the persons employed therein, and whenever two or more male persons and two or more female persons are employed as aforesaid together, a sufficient number of separate and distinct water closets, earth closets or privies shall be provided for the use of each sex, and plainly so designated, and no person shall be allowed to use any such closet or privy assigned to persons of the other sex. SEC. 11. Not less than forty-five minutes shall be allowed for the noonday meal in any manufacturing establishment in this State. Factory inspectors shall have power to issue written permits in special cases, allowing a shorter meal time at noon, and such permit must be conspicuously posted in the main entrance of the establishment, and such permit may be revoked at any time the inspector deems necessary, and shall only be given where good cause can be shown. SEC. 12. The Commissioner of Labor, Deputy Commissioner of Labor and Deputy Factory Inspectors shall be factory inspectors in the meaning of this act, and are hereby empowered to visit and inspect at all reasonable hours, and as often as practicable or required, the factories, workshops and other manufacturing establishments in the State where the manufacture of goods is carried on. Deputy factory inspectors shall report to the Commissioner of Labor of this State at such time and manner as he may require. It shall also be the special duty of factory inspectors to enforce all the provisions of this act, and to prosecute for all violations of the same, before any magistrate or in any court of competent jurisdiction in this State. SEC. 13. Deputy factory inspectors shall make a report to the Commissioner of Labor of each factory visited and inspected by them, which report shall be kept on file in the office of the commissioner. Deputy factory inspectors shall have the same power to administer oaths as is now given to notaries public, in cases where persons desire to verify documents connected with the proper enforcement of this act. SEC. 14. Nothing in this act shall apply to canning factories or evaporating works, but shall apply to any other place where goods, wares, or products are manufactured, repaired, cleaned or sorted in whole or in part; but no other person, persons or corpora tion employing less than five persons or children, excepting in any of the cities of this State, shall be deemed a manufacturing establishment within the meaning of this act. SEC. 15. For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act, the Commissioner of Labor is hereby authorized and required to cause at least an annual inspection of the manufacturing establishments or factories in this State. Such inspection may be by the Commissioner of Labor, the Deputy Commissioner of Labor, or such other persons as may be appointed by the Commissioner of Labor for the purpose of making such inspection. Such persons shall be under the control and direction of the Commissioner of Labor and are especially charged with the duties imposed, and shall receive such compensation as shall be fixed by the Commissioner of Labor, not to exceed three dollars per day, together with all necessary expenses. All compensation for services and expenses provided for in this act shall be paid by the State Treasurer upon the warrant of the Auditor General: Provided, That not more than eight thousand dollars shall be expended in such inspection in any one year: And provided further, That the Commissioner of Labor shall present to the Governor on or before the first day of February, eighteen hundred ninety-six, and annually thereafter, a report of such inspection with such recommendations as may seem necessary: And provided further, That in addition to the above allowance for expenses there may be printed, not to exceed two thousand copies of such reports for the use of the Labor Bureau, for general distribution. And all printing, binding, blanks, stationery, supplies or map work shall be done under any contract which the State now has or shall have for similar work with any party or parties, and the expense thereof shall be audited and paid for in the same manner as other state printing. SEC. 16. The prosecnting attorney of any county of this State is hereby authorized and required upon the complaint on oath of the Commissioner of Labor or factory inspectors to prosecute to termination before any court of competent jurisdiction, in the name of the people of the State, actions or proceedings against any person or persons reported to him to have violated the provisions of this act. SEC. 17. Any person who violates or omits to comply with any of the foregoing provisions of this act, or who interferes in any manner with the factory inspector in the discharge of his duties or who suffers or permits any child to be employed in violation of its provisions, shall be deemed guilty or a misdemeanor and on conviction shall be punished by a fine of not less than five nor more than one hundred dollars or, by imprisonment for not less than ten nor more than ninety days, or by both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court. SEC. 18. All acts or parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act are hereby repealed. This act is ordered to take immediate effect. Approved May 22, 1895. I, Jos. W. SELDEN, Deputy Secretary of State of the State of Michigan, Do Hereby Certify, That I have compared the annexed copy of an act of the Legislature of the State of Michigan approved May 22, 1895, and filed in this office May 23, 1895, with the original now in this office, and that it is a true and correct transcript therefrom, and of the whole of such original. In Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the great seal of the State of Michigan, at Lansing, this twenty-third day of May, in the year [L. 8.] of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five. JOS. W. SELDEN, Deputy Secretary of State. SUMMARY OF WORK IN THE FIRST INSPECTION DISTRICT. HON. C. H. MORSE, OFFICE OF DEPUTY INSPECTOR, Commissioner of Labor, Lansing, Mich. : DEAR SIR-ln accordance with your instructions of November 30, I submit the following report of factories inspected, number of changes ordered and number complied with, during the three years the factory inspection law has been in effect in this State. This includes a great many orders made last year in Monroe and Macomb counties, of which I have no way of knowing whether they were complied with or not, as those two counties were transferred to the second district. Owing to the amount of territory this district was composed of last year, I was not able to revisit the portion of my work in those two counties, and this year they are out of my jurisdiction. This accounts for so many orders in 1894 report not being reported as complied with. The same fact shows in 1895 report, and the same reasons, I believe, hold good in a great many factories where changes have been ordered during this year. I have not been able to visit them since the inspection was made. I have made 272 revisits during the year which I have kept a record of, and I find 402 compliances, leaving 218 not accounted for, but had I the time to go over all of my district that number would be greatly decreased. However, there are a great many who are waiting until the holiday week to make their changes, especially those who have orders pertaining to elevators, in order to have the use of them during the busy season, then repair when closed for general repairs. Table showing factory inspection since September 1, 1893. 2,705 Whole number of inspections since September 1, 1893. A GENERAL REVIEW OF THE YEAR'S WORK. A year ago as I looked over my district which was at that time cut down to Wayne county, I felt that I had pretty well covered the ground in the past. Therefore, I thought that in the year to come I should be able to devote more time to office work and revisiting factories where orders had been given, and especially to spend more time in the large factories where it seemed necessary in order to know more of them and the managers, superintendents and foremen, that they might become better acquainted with the law, its objects and aims. I have found many cases where the law was being openly violated for the reason that the foreman had no knowledge of it. Perhaps he had received some instructions on the matter, but with no reason why they should be complied with. I call several times and talk with those higher in authority about the matter, and they agree to have it attended to at once, but I suppose by the time they get to the factory they have forgotten it. Finally I meet the foreman and call his attention to it. He always has some objection to it, but when the matter is explained, and a suggestion is offered how the objection can be overcome, it is usually taken care of at once. In ordering small matters in such cases the order is generally complied with at once. As I have said, I felt the need of more of this experience, and felt sure that I should get more of it this year, but in this respect I have been disappointed. I find at the close of this year's work more factories inspected and nearly double the orders given than in the previous year, and my district not all thoroughly canvassed, after all. However, all of the large and important factories have been followed pretty closely this year. One thing that has taken up much of my time this year that I had not calculated on is reports from various people and the labor organizations. About all the different branches here have some grievances in which they expect the factory inspector to help them out. In some cases their complaints are just ones, while in others it is outside of our jurisdiction. There is another matter I would call attention to which has taken some time this year. All who contemplate building or remodeling factories would do well to submit their plans to the inspectors. It is much easier to change plans than to change buildings. There are several instances where plans have been submitted to me in which I have shown the parties where they could change some objectionable features, and at the same time get the room and convenience they need. In one instance we figured the difference in cost had the plans been followed or the suggestions offered, and the result was very gratifying to both. There could be but little objection to this if those about to build or remodel fully understood its advantages. This is the rule followed by Detroit. When a tenant is about to go to a new location an inspection is asked, often before the lease is made. This is done to know the requirements of the law. The matter of who shall make the necessary changes is then settled, and the work is usually done before the tenant takes possession. This would be much better for both tenant and inspector. ELEVATORS. There is much that might be said on this subject, where there are so many elevators in use. I find in my district about 830 of all kinds, and about 160 of these are operated by hand, and by no means are all in as good condition as they ought to be, and through this condition find a great many accidents have happened. But, strange as it may seem, it is hard to get information necessary for an accident report, where it has happened on an elevator. I have obtained this information only in two cases during the |