From the Statistical Abstract of Great Britain. BRITISH SHIPPING. NUMBER AND TONNAGE OF REGISTERED SAILING AND STEAM VESSELS (exclusive of River Steamers) OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, EMPLOYED IN THE HOME AND FOREIGN TRADE; AND THE NUMBER OF MEN EMPLOYED THEREIN. 96,880 477 510 574 727 756 784 834 (1861 6,902 2,866,218 441,184 27,008 20,285 4,359,695 171,957 461,793 27,816 20,092 4,473,294 173,863 511,751 31,076 20,877 4,795,279 184,727 618,993 37,480 21,513 5,208,468 195,756 701,699 39,054 21,626 5,408,451 197,643 747,813 39,803 21,718 5,452,862 196,371 812,677 43,111 21,777 5,493,708 196,340 824,614 43,662 22,250 5,516,434 197,502 880,028 43,304 21,881 5,557,303 195,490 1,033,969 48,755 22,180 5,559,110 195,962 1,290,003 58,703 22,207 5,633,561 199,738 1,515,704 66,619 22,554 5,761,608 203,720 1,680,953 71,362 21,581 5,748,097 202,239 1,827,024 74,873 20,872 5,864,588 203,606 1,847,188 73,427 20,191 5,891,692 199,667 1,870,094 72,827 20,349 5,996,152 198,638 1,977,489 72,999 20,319 6,115,638 196,562 JOHN LAW'S MONEY. [From "Money and Trade Considered," by John Law, 1705.] "CONSIDERING how small a share we have of the money of Europe, and how much trade depends on money, it will not be found very practicable to better our condition but by an addition to our money. Or, if it is practicable without it, it is much more so with it. "What I shall propose is to make money of land equal to its value; and that money to be equal in value to silver money; and not liable to fall in value, as silver money falls. To supply the nation with money, it is humbly proposed that forty commissioners be appointed by Parliament, answerable to Parliament for their administration and the administration of the officers under them; the nomination of these officers being left to the commissioners. "That the commissioners have power to coin notes, which notes to be received in payments, where offered. "There are three ways humbly offered to the Parliament for giving out these notes; they in their wisdom may determine which will be most safe. "1. To authorize the commission to lend notes on land security, the debt not exceeding one-half or two-thirds of the value: and at the ordinary interest. "2. To give out the full price of land, as it is valued, twenty years' purchase more or less, according to what it would have given in silver money, the commission entering into possession of such land by wad. set granted to the commission or assignees; and redeemable betwixt that and the expiring of a term of years. "3. To give the full price of land upon sale made of such lands, and disponed to the commission or assignees irredeemably. "That for a year and a half the commission be limited to a certain sum; after that time to have power to coin what sums are demanded; unless restricted by ensuing Parliaments. "This paper money will not fall in value as silver has fallen or may fall. Goods or money fall in value, if they increase in quantity, or if the demand lessens. But the commission giving out what sums are demanded, and taking back what sums are offered to be returned; this paper money will keep its value, and there will always be as much money as there is occasion or employment for, and no more. "So that this paper money proposed, having a better value than silver, and receiving no addition to its value, from being used as money, and not being liable to any change in its value, the quantity and demand increasing and decreasing together, it is so far more qualified to be the measure by which goods are valued, the value by which goods are exchanged, and in which contracts are made payable. "If a money is established that has no intrinsic value, and its extrinsic value to be such as it will not be exported; nor will not be less than the demand for it within the country: wealth and power will be attained and be less precarious. Money not being liable to be lessened directly nor consequentially, and trade not liable to decay consequentially. "The paper money proposed being always equal in quantity to the demand, the people will be employed, the country improved, manufacture advanced, trade, domestic and foreign, will be carried on and wealth and power attained. And not being liable to be exported, the people will not be set idle, etc., and wealth and power will be less precarious. "When a nation establishes a money, if the money they set up has a value equal what it is made money for, and all the other qualities necessary in money, they ought to have no regard to what value it will have in other countries. On the contrary, as every country endeavors by laws to preserve their money, if that people can contrive a money that will not be valued abroad, they will do what other countries have by laws endeavored in vain." THE DOMINION OF CANADA. [Compiled from the Sessional Papers of the Dominion of Canada for 1878.] The Dominion of Canada forms (since 1867) a confederate government, with a representative parliament meeting annually at Ottawa, the capital. The members of the Senate, 78 in number, are nominated for life by the summons of the Governor-General. The House of Commons, with 206 members, is elected by the people for five years, the right of suffrage being subject to a property qualification. The Governor-General (appointed in 1878) is the Marquis of Lorne, salary, $50,000. The funded debt in 1877 was $149,397,110, drawing interest from 4 to 6 per cent., having increased to this amount from 80 millions in 1867. The revenue for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1877, was $22,059,274, derived from the following prin cipal sources: customs, $12,546,988; excise, $4,941,898; public works, including railways and canals, $1,807.076; post-office, $1,114.946. The expenditure for 1877 was $34,362,408, of which $3,000,000 was for redemption of the debt, $3,000,000 for the Pacific and other railway constructions, and $4,000000 for other public works. The net ordinary expenses amounted to $23,587,368, the principal item being for interest on the public debt, $6,797,227. Commerce of Canada for 10 Years-1868-1877. Statement showing the values of total Exports, Imports, and Goods entered for Consumption in the Dominion, with the Duty collected thercon for ten years. The chief items of export were in 1877: Wood, timber, lumber, etc....$23,000.000 | Animals, and produce of....$13,000,000 Bread-stuffs. Fisheries 12,000,000 Products of the mines. 3,000,000 4,000,000 Of the imports, 40 millions came from Great Britain, 51 millions from the United States, and $5,300,000 from all other countries. Of the exports, $41,500,000 went to Great Britain, 26 millions to the United States, and 8 millions to all other conntries. The Canadian lumber trade is of great extent and value, and from 94 to 96 per cent. of its aggregate exports go to the United States. The merchant shipping of the Dominion, Jan. 1, 1878, numbered 7,362 vessels, measuring 1,310 468 tons, and is steadily increasing. The canals of Canada are extensive and profitable, and are managed by the Government. The Welland canal charges 20 cents per ton on grain and other bulky freights, and 2 cents a ton on each vessel. The total tonnage passing the Welland canal in 1877 was 1,216,659, and that through the Saint Lawrence canals, 1,341,156. The revenue from all the canals in 1877 was $373,954. The savings banks of Canada in 1877 numbered 287 post-office and gov ernment savings banks (first started in 1868), with deposits amounting to $7,470,631, on which the interest allowed depositors was $294,224. The total money value of the fisheries within the Dominion of Canada has been as follows, for the past eight years: Of this aggregate, the value of cod-fish figures at about $3,360,000 per annum ; mackerel, $1.670,000; herring, $1,500,000, and lobsters, $1,213,000. The Indian population of Canada, as reported by the Superintendent of Indian Affairs in 1877, was 99,650. SUMMARY OF POPULAR 'AND ELECTORAL VOTES FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 1789 * Previous to the election of 1804 each elector voted for two candidates for President; the one receiving the highest number of votes, if a majority, was declared elected President; and the next highest Vice-President. + Three States out of thirteen did not vote, viz.: New York, which had not passed an elec toral law; and North Carolina and Rhode Island, which had not adopted the Constitution. There having been a tie vote, the choice devolved upon the House of Representatives. A choice was made on the 36th ballot, which was as follows: Jefferson-Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vermont, and Virginia 10 States: Burr-Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island -4 States; Blank-Delaware and South Carolina-2 States. Elect. Vote. 34 9 6 6 4 3 2 2 1 SUMMARY OF POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTES—(Continucă). No choice having been made by the Electoral College, the choice devolved upon the House of Representatives. A choice was made on the first ballot, which was as follows: Adams-Connecticut, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Rhode Island, and Vermont-13 States; JacksonAlabama, Indiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and TennesseeStates; Crawford-Delaware, Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia 4 States. No candidate having received a majority of the votes of the Electoral College, the Sen. ate elected R. M. Johnson Vice-President, who received 33 votes; Francis Granger received 16. |