our God, time and opportunity to speak of it to you face to face. When we think of our God, what are we! Oh, His mercy to the whole society of saints,-despised, jeered saints! Let them mock on. Would we were all saints! The best of us are, God knows, poor weak saints; yet saints; if not sheep, yet lambs; and must be fed. We have daily bread,1 and shall have it, in despite of all enemies. There's enough in our Father's house, and He dispenseth it. I think, through these outward mercies, as we call them, Faith, Patience, Love, Hope are exercised and perfected,—yea, Christ formed, and grows to a perfect man within us. I know not well how to distinguish: the difference is only in the subject, not in the object;' to a worldly man they are outward, to a saint Christian;—but I dispute not.

My Lord, I rejoice in your particular mercy. I hope that it is so to you. If so, it shall not hurt you; not make you plot or shift for the young Baron to make him great. You will say, "He is God's to dispose of, and guide for;" and there you will leave him.

My love to the dear little Lady, better to me' than the child. The Lord bless you both. My love and service to all Friends high and low; if you will, to

Preston victory (Commons Journals, v. 680);—and then passes on to other matters, not quite adequately conscious that its life had been saved hereby! What fire was blazing, and how high, in Wales, and then in Lancashire, is known only in perfection to those that trampled it out.

1 Spiritual food, encouragement of merciful Providence, from day to day.

6

2 There follows here in the Birch edition: As our eyes' [seven stars] "behinde, then wee can' [seven stars] we for him:' words totally unintelligible: and not worth guessing at, the original not being here, but only Birch's questionable reading of it.

my Lord and Lady Mulgrave and Will Hill. I am

truly,

Your faithful friend and humblest servant,
OLIVER CROмwell.

6

6

During these very days, perhaps it was exactly two days after, on Monday last,' if that mean 4th September,1-Monro, lying about Appleby, has a party of horse sent into the Bishopric;' firing 'divers houses' thereabouts, and not forgetting to plunder the Lord Wharton's tenants' by the road: Cromwell penetrating towards Berwick, yet still at a good distance, scatters this and other predatory parties rapidly enough to Appleby, -as it were by the very wind of him; like a coming mastiff smelt in the gale by vermin. They are swifter than he, and get to Scotland, by their dexterity and quick scent, unscathed. 'Across to Kelso' about September 8th.2

Mulgrave in those years is a young Edmund Sheffield, of whom, except that he came afterwards to sit in the Council of State, and died a few days before the Protector, History knows not much.—'Will Hill' is perhaps William Hill, a Puritan Merchant in London, ruined out of a large estate' by lending for the public service; who, this Summer, and still in this very month, is dunning the Lords and Commons, the Lords with rather more effect, to try if they cannot give him some kind of payment, or shadow of an attempt at payment,—he having long lain in jail for want of his money. A zealous religious, and now destitute and insolvent man; known to Oliver;—and suggests himself along with the Mulgraves by the contrast of 'Friends high and low.' Poor Hill did, after 1 Cromwelliana, p. 45.

*Thurloe, i. 99.

2 Rushworth, vii. 1250, 3, 9, 60.

infinite struggling, get some kind of snack at the Bishops' Lands by and by.1

The 'young Baron' now born is father (I suppose); he or his brother is father,2 of the far-famed high-gifted half-delirious Duke of Wharton.

On the 8th of September, Cromwell is at Durham,3 scaring the Monro fraternity before him; and publishes the following

DECLARATION.

WHEREAS the Scottish Army, under the command of James Duke of Hamilton, which lately invaded this Nation of England, is, by the blessing of God upon the Parliament's Forces, defeated and overthrown; and some thousands of their soldiers and officers are now prisoners in our hands; so that, by reason of their great number, and want of sufficient guards and watches to keep them so carefully as need requires (the Army being employed upon other duty and service of the Kingdom), divers may escape away; and many, both since and upon the pursuit, do lie in private places in the country:

I thought it very just and necessary to give notice to all, and accordingly do declare, That if any Scottishmen, officers or soldiers, lately members of the said Scottish Army, and taken or escaped in or since the late Fight

1 Commons Journals, vi. 29, 243.

2 He, Thomas, the one now born; subsequently Marquis, and a man otherwise of distinction; who died, 12 April, 1715, in the 67th year of his age: Boyer's Political State of Great Britain (April 1715, London), p. 305. (Note to Third Edition: communicated by Mr. T. Watts of the British Museum.)

3 Commons Journals, vii. 1260.

and pursuit, shall be found straggling-in the countries, or running away from the places assigned them to remain in till the pleasure of the Parliament, or of his Excellency the Lord General be known,-It will be accounted a very good and acceptable service to the Country and Kingdom of England, for any person or persons to take and apprehend all such Scottishmen; and to carry them to any Officer having the charge of such prisoners; or, in defect of such Officer, to the Committee or Governor of the next Garrison for the Parliament within the County where they shall be so taken; there to be secured and kept in prison, as shall be found most convenient.

And the said Committee, Officer, or Governor respectively, are desired to secure such of the said prisoners as shall be so apprehended and brought unto them, accordingly. And if any of the said Scottish officers or soldiers shall make any resistance, and refuse to be taken or render themselves, all such persons wellaffected to the service of the Parliament and Kingdom of England, may and are desired to fall upon, fight: with, and slay such refusers: but if the said prisoners shall continue and remain within the places and guards assigned for the keeping of them, That then no violence, wrong, nor injury be offered to them by any

means.

Provided also, and special care is to be taken, That no Scottishman residing within this Kingdom, and not having been a member of the said Army, and also, That none such of the said Scottish prisoners as shall have liberty given them, and sufficient passes to go to any

place appointed, may be interrupted or troubled here

by.

OLIVER CROMWELL.*

'Durham,' 8th September, 1648.

LETTER LXIX.

FAIRFAX is still at Colchester, arranging the 'ransoms,' and confused wrecks of the Siege there; Cromwell has now reached Berwick,1 at least his outposts have,-all the Monroes now fairly across the Tweed. 'Lieutenant-Colonel Cowell,' I conclude, was mortally wounded at Preston Battle; and here has the poor Widow been, soliciting and lamenting.

For his Excellency the Lord Fairfax, General of all the Parliament's Armies: These.

MY LORD,

'Alnwick,' 11th September, 1648.

Since we lost Lieutenant-Colonel

Cowell, his Wife came to me near Northallerton, much lamenting her loss, and the sad condition she and her children were left in.

He was an honest worthy man. He spent himself in your and the Kingdom's service. He being a great Trader in London, deserted it to serve the Kingdom. He lost much moneys to the State; and I believe few outdid him. He had a great arrear due to him. He left a Wife and three small children but meanly provided for. Upon his deathbed, he commended this desire *Newspapers (in Cromwelliana, p. 46). Rushworth, vii. 1256.