Buenos Ayres, the Capital, in 1807 resisted an English expedition of eleven thousand men, reduced the half by force of arms, and compelled the other half to capitulate, promising to evacuate the Rio de la Plata, and retire to England. The ninth of July, Independence of the Provinces was proclaimed. In 1810, the Revolution of the Provinces broke out, when the authority of the Spanish Government was thrown off; and in 1819, a Congress was convened in the Capital, and the present Constitution of the Provinces that now form the Federation, was published.

Until 1828, they were called the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata; but in that year was formed the present government of the Federation, or Argentine Republic. This year is called the Twenty-eighth Year of Liberty, Twentysecond of Independence, and Sixth of the Argentine Republic. Since the present Governor, or President of the City and Province of Buenos Ayres, came into power, the government has been much better regulated, and crimes greatly diminished by exemplary punishment and salutary enactments. He refused the office of Governor three several times, when it was tendered to him; and at last said, that if they would invest him with extraordinary powers, he would accept of it, if he were chosen by a majority of the people. He was again chosen, and now, in effect, wields the power of a Dictator, and is called the "Restaurador de las Leyas""Restorer of the Laws," which, in many respects, he may truly be said to be, as before his election anarchy and misrule prevailed, and there was but little security for life and property.

His policy has lately been to encourage the priests, and even the Jesuits have been publicly allowed within the last eighteen months, and they now have a college of boys in the city. The churches have been, and are being repaired, and the friars are permitted to walk the streets in their full robes. Great numbers have come from Spain since the suppression

of the Convents, and are now arriving from time to time Twenty-five Friars and eight Jesuits recently arrived from Cadiz. They have been well received by the government, and provision made for their residence.

There are in the city fourteen Churches and two Hospitals. There is also an asylum for orphan children. The Government has a College, where the students are fitted for either of the three professions-theology, medicine, or law. Common Schools-" Escuelas de Primeras Letras"-are quite

numerous.

There are also English schools supported by the British and American residents in this place. There are a large number of British and other foreign residents here, and many have married with the natives of the country. Of Americans there are less, though many more than in Montevideo. The whole population of the city is between seventyfive and eighty thousand. The Argentine Republic includes a surface of 779,000 square miles. A large territory in the northern and central parts of the country, is in possession of the Indians. The whole population, not including the Indians, is 779,000. That of the Province of Buenos Ayres, 120,000; its square miles, 95,000. According to another statement, the Indians are put down at 1,000,000.

The city of Buenos Ayres is situated on the west bank of the Rio de la Plata, one hundred and eighty miles from the ocean. It is here about ten leagues, or thirty miles wide; and sometimes, in very clear weather, the opposite coast can be seen. At its mouth it is about one hundred and fifty miles from cape to cape, formed by the union of the Uruguay and Parana. The Parana rises in the mountains of Brazil, about two thousand miles long, joins the Uruguay a little above the city of Buenos Ayres. The Uruguay rises in the southern part of Brazil, its general course southwest, and about twelve hundred miles long. The currents in the La Plata are very strong and variable, sometimes up and sometimes down, much according to the wind. With a strong

north wind, the vessels in the inner roads are sometimes almost high and dry, the water being temporarily driven out

to sea.

We add to these extracts from his Journal for Friends, a record found about this time in the Religious Diary, on occasion of his going up once more to the courts of the Sanctuary, and singing the Lord's songs in a strange land:

Buenos Ayres, Jan. 23rd, 1838.-To-day I have enjoyed the unspeakable privilege of again partaking in the affecting service of the Lord's Supper, with a few, who, I trust, truly love his name. A Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church of the United States, who was sent out about a year since, has succeeded in forming a little church among the foreign population, and in fitting up a hall for Divine worship. He seems a truly pious, devoted man. I attended the preparatory meeting on Friday morning, at eleven o'clock, and have enjoyed a profitable season to-day, in again renewing my vows at the Table of the Lord. Oh, blessed Jesus, how infinite is thy love! how amazing thy condescension in dying for lost and guilty man!

What an unworthy disciple I have been the last year! How have I grieved the dear Saviour, by my repeated backslidings and transgressions! By thy grace, blessed Jesus, I will do so no more. But only by thy grace; for my own strength, alas! how often have I found it to be but perfect weakness. I would lie low at the foot of thy Cross, with deep penitence and contrition, confessing my sins and entreating thy pardon, and thy strength against future temptation. How sweet to lie there! How blessed a spot! There may I ever stay. Blessed Saviour, ever keep me there, for there alone is safety.

"My faith would lay her hand,
On that dear head of thine
While like a penitent I stand,
And there confess my sin."

Oh, how sweet-how unutterable is thy love! May my whole soul be melted down and subdued by its influence, and moulded entirely into thine own image. May this new year be to me a year of spiritual blessing-a year of growth in grace. Oh, be with me in all my journeyings by sea and by land. Keep and bless me in all my ways. To thee would I rejoice renewedly and unreservedly to consecrate all that I have and am, and to commit to thee the disposal of all events. Oh, prepare me for them all, and sanctify them to my best good-sickness or health, joy or sorrow, life or death.

"In every joy that crowns my days,

In every pain I bear,

My heart shall find delight in praise,
Or seek relief in prayer.

When gladness wings my favor'd hour,
Thy love my thoughts shall fill;
Resigned when storms of sorrow lower,

My soul shall meet thy will.

My lifted eye without a tear,

The gathering storm shall see;

My steadfast heart shall know no fear-
That heart will rest on thee."

CHAPTER XII.

THE CAUSE, HISTORY, AND CURE OF DESPONDENCY-SUBSEQUENT RETURN TO AMERICA, AND ENTRANCE UPON THE STUDY OF MEDICINE.

To lay the soul that loves him low,

Becomes the Only-wise;

To hide beneath a vail of woe,

The children of the skies.

Ah, vainly anxious! leave the Lord

To rule thee and dispose;

Sweet is the mandate of his word,

And gracious all he does.

Down then with self-exalting thoughts;

Thy faith and hope employ

To welcome all that he allots,

And suffer shame with joy.

MADAME GUYON.

WE enter now upon a part of these memorials full of melancholy interest to ourselves, and by no means destitute of instruction to others. If its perusal shall be the means of impressing a single invalid, or valetudinarian traveller in quest of health, with the importance of being always accompanied by a trusty friend, it will not be written in vain.