S A BASIS of action in the government of an association of people, who propose to hold regular and frequent meetings, it becomes necessary to make a specific agreement by such association of the course of action they will pursue, and the rules by which they shall be governed in their deliberations.

This agreement is termed a "CONSTITUTION."

In its preparation, care should be taken, while making it sufficiently explicit, to have the document as concise, clear and distinct as possible.

In the adoption of a constitution by an assembly, it is usually customary to consider it section by section. After it has been accepted, the secretary should make record of the constitution in a blank-book suitable for the purpose. This should be signed by the members of the society, who consent to accept of the same as their fundamental rule of action.

Amendments to the constitution should be made in the same book with convenient marks for reference showing where they may be found.

By-Laws,

When it is desired to add matter more clearly defining certain articles of the Constitution, such explanatory notes are termed BY-LAWS." When the Constitution is quite explicit, for most associations by-laws are unnecessary. If it is desirable, however, to be very minute in explanation, that members of an association may fully understand their rights and duties, by-laws are sometimes quite essential. When added, they should follow immediately after the Constitution.

Explanatory words giving the character of each article in the Constitution, may be placed above, or at the left side of the article, as shown in the following forms.

Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

PREAMBLE.

RUELTY to Animals being a prevailing fault, calculated to cultivate the baser passions of man's nature, it becomes necessary, in order to counteract the same, to take individual and united action in opposition thereto. The better to accomplish a reform in this direction, the undersigned agree to form an association, and be governed in their fundamental action by the following

CONSTITUTION

TITLE.

ARTICLE I. The title and name of this Society shall be "THE SACRAMENTO SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS,"

OBJECTS.

ARTICLE II. The objects of this Society are to provide effective means for the prevention of cruelty to animals within the limits of the City of Sacramento; to enforce all laws which are now or may hereafter be enacted for the protection of dumb animals, and to secure by lawful means the arrest, conviction and punishment of all persons violating such laws.

OFFICERS.

ARTICLE III. The officers of this Society shall be a President, six Vice Presidents, a Counsel, a Secretary, a Treasurer, and an Executive Committee of nine persons, who shall constitute the Board of Directors. The President, Counsel, Secretary, and Treasurer shall be ex-officio members of the Executive Committee. The officers shall be elected annually by ballot, and shall hold their offices until others are elected to fill their places.

MEMBERS.

ARTICLE IV. Any person, male or female, may become a member of this Society upon election by the Society, or Executive Committee, and the payment of the sum of two dollars; and the annual membership fee shall not exceed that amount.

Sec. 2.-Any person may become a life - member of this Society, upon the payment to the Treasurer of the sum of twenty-five dollars.

ANNUAL MEETING.

ARTICLE V. The annual meeting of this Society shall be held on the first Thursday in April of each year, when the annual election of officers shall take place.

Sec. 2.-Every member of the Society who has been such for ten days or more, and who is not in arrears for dues, shall be entitled to vote at the said election.

Sec. 3.-At the annual meeting the Executive Committee shall present a general report of its proceedings during the past year, and the Secretary and Treasurer shall also present their annual reports.

Sec. 4.-Special meetings of the Society may be called by the President, (or in case of his absence or inability, by one of the Vice-Presidents), and shall be so called upon the written request of fifteen members Notice of such meeting shall be inserted in at least two daily papers of the city of Sacramento.

ARTICLE VIII. The Treasurer shall have charge of all the funds belonging to the Society, and shall disburse the same under the direction of the Executive Committee. He shall, previous to the annual meeting of the Society, prepare and submit to the Executive Committee for audit, a detailed account of his receipts and disbursements during the past year, which annual account, duly audited, he shall present to the Society at its annual meeting.

AGENTS.

ARTICLE IX. The Executive Committee may appoint from time to time such special agents as it may deem advisable, and shall have the power to remove the same at its pleasure.

Sec. 2.-The appointment of every agent of the Society shall be in writing, and he shall receive such pecuniary compensation for his services as may be determined by the Executive Committee.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

ARTICLE X. The Executive Committee shall have the management, control and disposition of the affairs, property and funds of the Society, and shall have the power to fill for the unexpired term any vacancy that may occur in any of the offices of the Society or in its own body.

Bec. 2.-No member of the Executive Committee, except the Counsel and the Secretary, shall receive or derive any salary or pecuniary compensation for his services.

Sec. 3.-The Executive Committee shall hold meetings for the transaction of business at least once in every month, and at all such meetings five members shall constitute a quorum.

ALTERATIONS OR AMENDMENTS.

ARTICLE XI. This constitution may be altered or amended by a twothirds vote of all the members present, at any regular or special meeting of the Society, provided such alteration or amendment has been proposed and entered on the minutes, together with the name of the member proposing it, at a previous meeting of the Society.

By-Laws.

HOURS OF MEETING.

ARTICLE I. The hours of assembling for the stated meetings of the Society shall be as follows: From the 1st of April until the 1st of October, at eight o'clock P. M., and from the 1st of October until the 1st of April, at half-past seven o'clock, P. M.

ADMISSION OF MEMBERS.

ARTICLE II. The names of all persons desiring admission to this Society shall be presented to the Secretary, who shall bring the same before the members of the Society for election at any regular meeting.

DUTIES OF AGENTS.

ARTICLE III. It shall be the duty of agents appointed to use their utmost efforts to secure kind and gentle treatment to all dumb animals, by rigid prosecution of violation of law relating to the same.

Sec. 2. The agent shall be empowered, and is expected to use his best efforts to distribute all tracts, papers and literature placed in his hands which may be calculated to accomplish the work for which the Society is organized.

Sec. 3. The agent is authorized, if in a locality where no Society exists, to organize an association to be governed by such officers, and such action as will most effectually abolish cruelty to animals.

At each regular meeting of the Society, the following shall be, after calling the meeting to order, and the opening exercises, the

Order of Business.

1. Reading of the minutes.

2. Report of the Board of Directors.

3. Reports of Standing and Special Committees.

4. Reports of officers.

5. Receiving communications and bills.

6. Admission of new members, and election of officers at the annual meeting.

7. New business.

8. Reports of the Secretary and Treasurer

9. Adjournment.

Name

and Object.

CONSTITUTION OF A VILLAGE LYCEUM

Officers of the Society.

Duties of the Officers.

Appointment of Committees.

PREAMBLE.

ROWTH and development of mind, together with readiness and fluency of speech, being the result of investigation and free discussion of religious, educational, political, and other topics, the undersigned agree to form an association, and for its government, do hereby adopt the following

CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE I. The name and title of this organization shall be

"The Cambridge Literary Association," and its object shall be the free discussion of any subject coming before the meeting for the purpose of diffusing knowledge among its members.

ARTICLE II. The officers of the Association shall consist of a President, two Vice-Presidents, a Corresponding Secretary, a Recording Secretary, a Treasurer and a Librarian, who shall be elected annually by ballot, on the first Monday in January of each year, said officers to hold their position until their successors are elected.

ARTICLE III. It shall be the duty of the President to preside at all public meetings of the Society. The first Vice-President shall preside in the absence of the President, and in case of the absence of both President and Vice-President, it shall be the duty of the second Vice-President to preside.

The duty of the Secretary shall be to conduct the correspondence, keep the records of the Society, and read at each meeting a report of the work done at the preceding meeting.

The Treasurer shall keep the funds of the Society, making an annual report of all moneys received, disbursed, and amount on hand.

It shall be the duty of the Librarian to keep, in a careful manner, all books, records and manuscripts in the possession of the Society.

ARTICLE IV. There shall be appointed by the President, at the first meeting after his election, the following standing committees, to consist of three members each, namely: On lectures, library, finance, and printing, whose duties shall be designated by the President. The question for debate at the succeeding meeting shall be determined by a majority vote of the members present.

ARTICLE V. Any lady or gentleman may become a member of this Society by the consent of the majority of the members present, the signing of the constitution, Conditions of and the payment of two dollars as membership fee. It Membership. shall be the pavilege of the Society to elect any person whose presence may be advantageous to the Society, an honorary member, who shall not be required to pay membership fees or dues.

Times of Meeting.

ARTICLE VI. This association shall meet weekly, and at such other times as a majority, consisting of at least five members of the association, shall determine. The President shall be authorized to call special meetings upon the written request of any five members of the Society, which number shall be sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.

ARTICLE VII. It shall be the duty of the finance committee to determine the amount of dues necessary to be Collection of collected from each member, and to inform the TreasDues. urer of the amount, who shall promptly proceed to collect the same at such time as the committee may desig

The Friends of Education are requested to meet at the house of Solomon Biggs, in Walnut Grove, Saturday evening, Sep. 1st, at 7 o'clock, to take action relative to opening a public school in this vicinity. The meeting will consider the selection of directors, the location of the school building, and the propriety of opening a school this fall, before the building is complete.

Old Settlers' Reunion.

All persons in Adams and adjoining counties, who settled here prior to 1850, are requested to meet at the Court House, in Clinton, Saturday afternoon, June 10, at two o'clock, to make arrangements for an Old Settlers' Reunion, to be held at such place and time as the meeting shall determine.

Railroad Meeting.

The Midland and Great Western Railroad Company are about locating their railway through this county, having surveyed three routes, one through Hastings, one by way of Brownsville, and the other through this village, passing up the river just east of Fuller's mill. The Company propose to take this route on one condition, namely: that we furnish depot grounds and right of way through this village.

Citizens of Pikeville! what action shall we take in this matter? Shall we have a railroad at our own doors, or be compelled henceforth to go ten miles to the nearest depot? Every citizen interested in the growth of our beautiful village is requested to be present at the Town Hall, next Tuesday evening, May 7, at half past seven o'clock, to consider this subject. Let there be a full expression from all the people at this meeting.

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Fourth of July!

The liberty-loving citizens of Eagleville, who desire to participate this year at home in a genuine, old-fashioned Fourth of July celebration, such as will make the American Eagle proud of the village that b. ars his name, will meet at Allen's Hall next Saturday evening, at 8 o'clock, to consider the advisability of holding such celebration.

Shall We have an Agricultural Fair?

Agriculturists, Horticulturists, Mechanics, Artists and others, favorable to the establishment of an Agricultural and Mechanics' Fair, are desired to meet at the Town Hall, next Monday evening, June 20, at 8 o'clock, to take the necessary steps towards perfecting such organization.

Eight Hour Meeting.

All mechanics, artisans, laborers, and others, who favor making eight hours a legal day's work, that they may occasionally see their wives and children during the winter months, in the day time, are requested to meet in Boyd's Hall, Monday evening, June 14, at 8 o'clock, on which occasion the meeting will be addressed by that distinguished advocate of the rights of the working man, Hon. Archibald P. Green.

Temperance Convention.

The Friends of Temperance, independent of party or sect, are invited to meet in convention at Fullerton Hall in Fairbury, Wednesday, Oct. 9, at 10 A.M., to consider and discuss the means by which we may arrest the present increasing tide of intemperance in this vicinity, by which our youth are corrupted, our Sabbaths desecrated, and our homes. impoverished and desolated.

Come up and help us, sons, husbands, fathers! Come up and aid us, daughters, wives, mothers! We want the influence of your presence. Dr. Carr, the eloquent champion of temperance, will be with us. Mrs. Arnold, Mrs. John Berryman, Rev. Dr. Williams, and others will participate in the discussions of the convention, and Prof. Carter, the world-renowned musician, will add interest to the occasion by leading in the singing.

The convention will continue in session two days, being addressed Wednesday evening by Rev. H. D. Williams, and on Thursday evening, in the closing address, by Mrs. John Berryman.

Vermonters Attention!

All Vermonters, resident in this city and vicinity, who are favorable to holding a Vermonters' pic nic sometime during July or August, are requested to meet next Wednesday afternoon, June 15, at Judge Miller's office in Canton, to arrange time, place, and programme of exercises for that occasion.

R

ESOLUTIONS are a brief, terse method of expressing the opinions and sentiments of a company of people relative to any subject which it is desirable to discuss or place on record.

They are applicable to nearly any subject, and should be characterized by the utmost brevity consistent with a clear expression of the idea sought to be conveyed.

Resolutions Complimenting a Teacher.

"At the close of Mr. Hall's writing school, lately in session at Springfield, which was very fully attended, numbering over one hundred pupils, Prof. Hamilton, Principal of Springfield Academy, offered the following preamble and resolutions, which were unanimously adopted:

"WHEREAS, Prof. Geo. B. Hall, in giving instruction in penmanship to a very large and interesting class in this place, has given most unbounded satisfaction as a teacher of writing, therefore:

"Resolved, That, as a teacher and penman he is pre-eminently superior, changing as he does the poorest scribblers almost invariably into beautiful penmen, during his course of lessons.

"Resolved, That his lectures on epistolary correspondence, punctuation, use of capital letters, and the writing of business forms, of themselves are worth infinitely more than the cost of tuition in his schools. Resolved, That we recommend him to the people of the entire country, as a teacher whose schools will be found a great intellectual good in any community so fortunate as to secure his services.

"Resolved, That, while we thank him for the very efficient instruction given this class here, we tender him a cordial invitation to visit our city again, professionally, at his earliest convenience."

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"Resolved, By Carleton Lodge, No 156, on the registry of the Grand Lodge of of Ancien. Free and Accepted Masons, that, while we bow with humble submission to the will of the Most High, we do not the less mourn for our brother who has been taken from us.

66 "Resolved, That, in the death of Benjamin W. Rust, this Lodge laments the loss of a brother who was ever ready to proffer the hand of aid and the voice of sympathy to the needy and distressed of the fraternity; an active member of this society, whose utmost endeavors were exerted for its welfare and prosperity; a friend and companion who was dear to us all; a citizen whose upright and noble life was a standard of cmulation to his fellows.

"Resolved, That the heartfelt sympathy of this Lodge be extended to his family in their affliction.

"Resolved, That these resolutions be spread upon the records of the Lodge, and a copy thereof be transmitted to the family of our deceased brother, and to each of the newspapers of Carleton."

On the Death of a Member of any Society, Club, or Other Association.

"WHEREAS, in view of the loss we have sustained by the decease of our friend and associate, and of the still heavier loss sustained by those who were nearest and dearest to him; therefore, be it

"Resolved, That it is but a just tribute to the memory of the departed to say that in regretting his removal from our midst we mourn for one who was, in every way, worthy of our respect and regard.

"Resolved, That we sincerely condole with the family of the deceased on the dispensation with which it has pleased Divine Providence to afflict them, and commend them for consolation to Him who orders all things for the best, and whose chastisements are meant in mercy. Resolved, That this heartfelt testimonial of our sympathy and sorrow be forwarded to the of our departed friend by the secretary

of this meeting."

On the Death of a Clergyman.

"WHEREAS, the hand of Divine Providence has removed our beloved pastor from the scene of his temporal labors and the congregation who sat under his ministry, and profited by his example, are desirous of testifying their respect for his memory, and expressing their earnest and affectionate sympathy with the household deprived by this dispensation of its earthly head; therefore, be it

“Resolved, That we tenderly condole with the family of our deceased minister in their hour of trial and affliction, and devoutly commend them to the keeping of Him who looks with pitying eye upon the widowed and the fatherless.

"Resolved, That in our natural sorrow for the loss of a faithful and beloved shepherd, we find consolation in the belief that it is well with him for whom we mourn.

“Resolved, That while we deeply sympathize with those who were bound to our departed pastor by the nearest and dearest ties, we share with them the hope of a reunion in that better world where there are no partings, and bliss ineffable forbids a tear.

"Resolved, That these resolutions be transmitted to the family of the deceased, as a token of our respect and veneration for the Christian character of a good man gone to his rest, and of the interest felt by his late congregation in those he loved and cherished.

Resolutions Complimenting a Public Cfficer upon Retirement. "WHEREAS, the retirement of our esteemed fellow citizen, from the office of presents a suitable oppor

port; be it "Resolved, That if skill in navigation, urbane and gentlemanly attention to the wants and wishes of the passengers, and a sound, swift, and comfortable vessel, are among the essentials of a pleasant voyage, then we have reason to congratulate ourselves on having crossed the sea in the good ship, Captain — ; that we tender to him, and to all the officers of the vessel, our thanks for the kindness with which they administered to our comfort; that we commend the ship, her appointments, her commander, and his subordinates, to the favor of the voyaging public, because we are of opinion that they deserve it; and, that we hereby request the gentleman acting as secretary of this meeting to see that a copy of this testimonial be placed in the hands of Captain (Signed by

--."

etc.)

"Resolved, That our thanks are due, and are hereby tendered, to the Conductor of the Palace Car- for the numerous favors received

at his hand throughout the journey; and we commend him for the many gentlemanly and agreeable qualities which characterize him as a man, and eminently fit him for the position he now holds. "Resolved, That commendation is especially due the railroau company for the excellent accommodations furnished travelers in their comfortable and luxurious coaches, and the superior condition of the track and road-bed, which is so smooth that the traveler rides over the same resting with almost as much ease and pleasure as when seated in his own parlor.