came again, we find the negro choosing the better part, and Gen. Andrew Jackson himself testifying that no heart was more loyal and no arm more strong and useful in defence of righteousness. When the long and memorable struggle came between Union and separation, when he knew that victory, on the one hand, meant freedom, and defeat on the other his continued enslavement, with a full knowledge of the portentous meaning of it all, when the suggestion and the temptation came to burn the home and massacre wife and children during the absence of the master in battle, and thus insure his liberty, we find him choosing the better part, and for four long years protecting and supporting the helpless, defenceless ones intrusted to his care.

When in 1863 the cause of the Union seemed to quiver in the balance, and there was doubt and distrust, the negro was asked to come to the rescue in arms, and the valor he displayed at Fort Wagner and Port Hudson and Fort Pillow testifies most eloquently again that the negro chose the better part. When a few months ago the safety and honor of the Republic were threatened by a foreign foe, when the wail and the anguish of the oppressed from a distant isle reached his ears, we find the negro forgetting his own wrongs, forgetting the laws and customs that discriminate against him in his own country, and again we find our black citizen choosing the better part.

If you would know how he deported himself in the field at Santiago, apply for an answer to Shafter and Roosevelt and Wheeler. Let them tell how the negro faced death and laid down his life in defence of honor and humanity; and when you have gotten the full story of the heroic conduct of the negro in the Spanish-American War, heard it from lips of Northern soldiers and Southern soldiers, from ex-abolitionist and ex-master, then decide within yourselves whether a race that is thus willing to die for its country

should not be given the highest opportunity to live for its country?

In the midst of all the complaints of suffering in the camp and field, suffering from fever and hunger, where is the official or citizen that has ever heard a word of complaint from the lips of a black soldier? The only request that has come from the negro soldier has been that he might be permitted to replace the white soldier when heat and malaria began to decimate the ranks of the white regiment, and to occupy, at the same time, the post of greatest danger. This country has been most fortunate in her victories. She has twice measured arms with England and won. She has met the spirit of rebellion within her own borders and was victorious. She has met the proud Spaniard, and he lies prostrate at her feet. All this is well; it is magnificent.

But there remains one other victory for Americans to win, a victory as far-reaching and important as any that has occupied our army and navy. We have succeeded in every conflict except in the effort to conquer ourselves in the blotting out of racial prejudices. We can celebrate the era of peace in no more effectual way than by a firm resolve on the part of Northern men and Southern men, black men and white men, that the trenches which we together dug around Santiago shall be the eternal burial-place of all that which separates us in our business and civil relations. Let us be as generous in peace as we have been brave in battle. Until we thus conquer ourselves, I make no empty statement when I say that we shall have a cancer gnawing at the heart of the Republic that shall one day prove as dangerous as an attack from an army from without or within.

In this presence and on this auspicious occasion I want to present the deep gratitude of nearly ten millions of my people to our wise, patient, and brave Chief Executive for

the generous manner in which my race has been recognized during this conflict; a recognition that has done more to blot out sectional and racial lines than any event since the dawn of our freedom. I know how vain and impotent is all abstract talk on this subject. In your efforts to "rise on stepping-stones of your dead selves," we of the black race shall not leave you unaided. We shall make the task easier for you by acquiring property, habits of thrift, economy, intelligence and character, by each making himself of individual worth in his own community. We shall aid you in this as we did a few days ago at El Caney and Santiago, when we helped you to hasten the peace which we here celebrate. You know us. You are not afraid of us. When the crucial test comes you are not ashamed of us. We have never betrayed or deceived you. You know that as it has been so it will be, whether in war or in peace, whether in slavery or in freedom, we have always been loyal to the Stars and Stripes.

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON.

Adapted from Mr. Oskar Guttmann's "Gymnastics of the Voice." By permission of the publisher, Mr. Edgar S. Werner.

PART II

BREATHING

DIVISION I

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS

THE organs of respiration are the trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs. They, with the muscles that act upon the lungs, are the motor power of the voice.

The trachea, or windpipe, extends from the larynx downward, dividing into the right bronchus and the left bronchus. The bronchial tubes are ramifications of each bronchus, and terminate in the air-cells of the lungs. The trachea and bronchial tubes and their twigs consist of rings of cartilage connected by fibres of elastic tissue. These rings finally disappear in the bronchial twigs. The air passages are all lined with mucous membrane, from which flows a substance like white of egg, called mucus. This keeps the air moist and catches particles of dust. The mucus moves in a steady current upward, by the action of the cilia. The cilia are numerous hairlike projections in the trachea, each one having the power of bending back and forth, making a quick movement toward the larynx, and a slower return movement. The bronchial tubes end in tiny pouches or air-cells, somewhat resembling soap-bubbles. Each cell connects through an opening with a division of the bronchial tubes. The walls of these cells are thin and highly elastic. In