PAGE 47.-Ou, the boy's exclamation when hurt. Ou before r or 1 is usually like long o, four, pour, poultry. Ou before b or p is usually like short u-double, couple. Sh, the hush sound. Precede the lesson with observation of the bee. PAGE 51.—Y, y, equals i. Rule: On the end of a short word it is long. On the end of a long word (word of two or more parts), it is short. In many, one and any, first sound the vowel long. Observe the fly while reading this lesson. PAGE 55-Ow is sometimes like ou, and sometimes like ō. There is no rule for distinguishing. if it does not make a word, try the ō Pupils try the ou sound first ; sound, plow, snow. PAGE 58.-Y, beginning, may be sounded like short i, ĭ-ĕ-s, yes. Give a language lesson on the use of too, to and two. sentences with blanks for these words. PAGE 60.-A before r is the Italian a, marked thus, ä. A before two r's is short. PAGE 63.—Wh, the sound of the wind blowing very hard. Write PAGE 65.—Treat the two sounds of oo just the same as the two sounds of ow. Oo, however, is always short before k. K before n is silent, know, knit, knee, knob, knot, knock, knife. Like the b after m in the next lesson, there is no danger of its being sounded: limb, lamb, climb. PAGE 67.-E and i before ṛ, are blended with the r. They are marked with the tilde; thus, her, bird. PAGE 69.—Th is usually vocal, the mill sound, at the beginning of words, and aspirate, the sound of the goose, at the end of words. There are so many exceptions, however, that it is better to treat it like ow and oo, trying the vocal sound first. Try to have a beetle to look at as the lesson is read. Orthoë pists make a distinction between the sounds of e and u before r; but the distinction is not maintained in the speech of the people of this country. PAGE 73.-Ed added to words. Rule: Ed added to words ending in d or t makes a new syllable; when added to words ending in any other letter, the e is silent and the d blends with the last sound. If the last sound is aspirate, the d sounds like t: hunted, needed, killed, stepped. PAGE 75.-Two vowels. The general rule may be given that when two vowels come together in a word (ou and oi excepted), the last one is silent and the first one long. Ea is a troublesome exception to this rule. Note the following words, heal, bread, break, heart, pearl, bear. will be few exceptions. By teaching it as either or e, there Ie is also an exception. It follows the rule only when on the end of a word, or in a word derived from such a one; as die, died, dies; otherwise it is like ei. Treat like ow. The plan of teaching each digraph equivalent may be used, if preferred: ai-a, ea-ē or ĕ, oa-ō, ue-u, ui-u, ei-ē, ie-ī or ē. PAGE 78.—In says, said and again, ai or ay equals e. PAGE 80.—W or wh before a gives it the sound of short o, marked thus: a. Give list of words for marking vowel a; as sharp, slap, band, fame, wash, stay, watch, pail. It is a good plan occasionally to take the letters of the alphabet in order, asking pupils to tell all they can about the sounds of each. Have plants for the class to look at while reading this lesson. PAGE 83.-C has its soft sound, like s, before e, i or y, marked with the cedilla, ç; otherwise it has its hard sound, marked thus, e. G usually has its soft sound before e, i or y, marked ġ. In other positions, its hard sound, marked g. Give lists for discrimination and marking. PAGE 91.-Be sure to have a variety of roots before the class while reading this lesson. PAGE 94.-The word August has a sound of a that is not presented regularly until we reach page 104. The pupil may be told that a before u has this sound, a. PAGE 95.—O in many words, where we or long sound, has the sound u, marked o. ial drill, using as full a list as you can. would expect its short Give the pupils a spec PAGE 99.-Rule: O before ld or It is long. Before 11 or st it is often long. PAGE 104.-Rule: A before 11, lk, u or w, or between w and r has the broad sound, a. PAGE IIO. Rule: I before ld or nd is long. Ould is like ood in could, would and should. PAGE 112.-Calf and half, calves and halves have Italian a. Use list of ough words for special drill. Bough, bought, cough, dough, enough, rough, though, through, thought, trough, tough. This is truly the "slough of despond " for the phonetic pilgrim. PAGE 115.-A before ff, fs, ft, sk, ss, st is intermediate between short a and Italian a, marked ȧ. The tendency is to make it like the Italian, when any care is taken to depart from the short sound. It is short a made resonant in the roof of the mouth and slightly nasal. It is hardly necessary to burden the pupils with this rule. With the rule or without it, the proper pronunciation of these words can be secured only by diligent watchfulness. them individually as they occur. Impress PAGE 116.-Rule: I before gh is long. The gh is silent. PAGE 123.-W before or makes it sound like ur. Note the first three pairs of words in the list. PAGE 125.-E before two r's is short: merry, berry, error, errands. PAGE 127.-Ew equals u. U after r is like oo where it would be long after another letter; as mūle, rule (rool). Blue, true (troo). Have plant stems for observation while reading this lesson. PAGE 129 and 131.-The pupils should have leaves to examine while reading these lessons. PAGE 132.-W before r is silent. We could hardly sound it if we should try. PAGE 135.-Teachers select words for special study, and place before pupils on blackboard. The pupils have the means now for obtaining, without help, almost any word within their comprehension. PAGE 137.—When a, according to rules, p. 37 and 75, is long before r, it is modified long a or broken long a, marked â; as care, dare, fair, hair, daring. Pupils should notice that ed or ing, when added to words ending in e, have the same effect upon the preceding vowel that e has. Make, making, like, liked, liking. PAGE 142.—Qu is like kw. Q always has u after it. PAGE 149.-This selection is given as an exercise in reading long paragraphs. ADDENDA. The teacher may, at her discretion, introduce in her blackboard work the following: Eigh is a. Ph is f. phone Ralph Ous is us. Tion is shun. Initial gh is g. eight weigh sleigh photograph tremendous education Do not hesitate to give words of any length, provided their meaning is comprehended by the pupils. There are several sounds of the vowels, occasionally met with that are not presented in the above scheme. They can best be taken care of when encountered without burdening the pupils with too much machinery. |