service, except as provided in section 11 of this Act, with reference to the duties thereof, for the purpose of establishing grades and for the purpose of fixing and maintaining standards of examinations hereinafter provided for. Such classification shall include all offices and places of employment now in existence or which may hereafter be created in the State service of the State of Illinois, except those expressly exempted from the operation of this Act in section 11 hereof. The offices and places so classified by the commission shall constitute the classified civil service of the State, and no appointments to any of such offices or places shall be made except under and according to the provisions of this Act and of the rules hereinafter mentioned. The classified service shall include the position of chief examiner herein provided for and all officers and employés of the Civil Service Commission except special examiners.

§ 3a. The commission shall ascertain the duties of each office and place in the classified service and designate by rule the grade of each position. Each grade shall comprise offices and places having substantially similar duties. The commission shall by rule indicate the lines of promotion from each lower grade to a higher grade wherever the experience derived in performance of the duties of such lower grade tends to qualify for performance of duty in such higher grade. The commission shall by rule prescribe standards of efficiency for each grade and for examinations of candidates for appointment thereto. For the purpose of establishing uniformity of pay and title for all offices and places of employment classified in the same grade, it shall be the duty of the commission to prescribe by rule the maximum and minimum pay for each grade and the title thereof and to report to the Governor annually, and at such other times as he may direct, the name and address of each officer and employé paid more or less than the pay prescribed for his grade or designated by a title other than that prescribed for his grade by the commission.

The commission shall standardize employment in each grade and make and keep a record of the relative efficiency of each officer and employé in the classified service. It shall provide by rule methods for ascertaining and verifying the facts from which such records of relative efficiency shall be made, which shall be uniform for each grade of the classified service.

§ 3b. All persons who, when this Act takes effect, shall hold offices or places of employment other than those exempted in section 11 of this Act, shall be classified under the provisions of this Act, and shall become members of the classified State civil service without original examination.

§ 4. Said commission shall make rules to carry out the purposes of this Act, and for examination, appointments, transfers and removals. and for maintaining and keeping records of the efficiency of officers and employés and groups of officers and employés in accordance with the provisions of this Act, and said commission may from time to time. make changes in such rules.

§ 6. All applicants for offices or places in said classified service, except those mentioned in section 11 hereof, shall be subjected to examination, which shall be public, competitive and free to all citizens of the State of Illinois who may be lawfully appointed to any office or place in the service of the State of Illinois, with limitations specified in the rules of the commission as to residence, age, sex, health, habits, moral character and qualifications to perform the duties of the office or place to be filled, which qualifications shall be prescribed by rule in advance of such examination: Provided, however, that in examinations for technical positions residence may be waived. Such examinations shall be practical in their character, and shall relate to those matters which will fairly test the relative capacity of the persons examined to discharge the duties of the position to which they seek to be appointed, and may include tests of physical qualifications and health, and when appropriate, of manual skill. No question in any examination shall relate to political or religious opinions or affilations. The commission shall control all examinations and may, whenever an examination is to take place, designate a suitable number of persons, either in or not in the official service of the State, to be examiners; and it shall be the duty of such examiners, and if in the official service it shall, without extra compensation, be a part of their official duty to conduct such examination as the commission may direct, and to make return or report thereof to said commission; and the commission may at any time substitute any other person, whether or not in such service, in the place of any one so selected, and the commission may themselves at any time act as such examiners and without appointing examiners.

§ 9. PROMOTION.] The commission shall note of record the duties (whether imposed by law, official regulation or practice) of each office or place in the classified service. It shall thereupon by rule fix lines of promotion from such several offices and places to superior offices or places in all cases where, in the judgment of the commission, the duties of such several positions directly tend to fit the incumbent for a superior position. In case of vacancy in superior offices or places, which cannot be filled by reinstatement, the commission shall hold promotion examinations to fill such vacancy. Incumbents of offices or places next lower in the line so fixed shall be solely eligible for such examination unless in the judgment of the commission, to be noted in its minutes with the grounds therefor, it is for the best interests of the service that original examination for such vacancy be held. In promotion examinations, efficiency and seniority in service shall form a part of such examination, but combined, shall not carry a total number of marks to exceed onequarter of the maximum mark attainable in such examination. All examinations for promotion shall be competitive. The method of examination, the rules governing the same and the method of certifying shall be the same as provided for in original examination.

§ 10. APPOINTMENTS.] Whenever a position classified under this Act is to be filled, the appointing officer shall make requisition upon

said commission, and the commission shall certify to him the name and address of the candidate standing highest upon the register of eligibles for said position, except that in case of laborers, when a choice by competition is impracticable, said commission may provide by its rules that the selection shall be made by lot from among those candidates proved fit by examination. The appointing officer shall notify the commission of each position to be filled separately and shall fill such position by the appointment of the person certified to him by said commission therefor, which appointment shall be on probation for a period not more than three months to be fixed by said rules. At any time during the period of probation, the appointing officer may discharge a person so certified and shall forthwith notify the commission in writing of such discharge. If such person is not thus discharged, his appointment shall be deemed complete.

Persons who were engaged in the military and naval service of the United States during the years 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864 and 1865, and who were honorably discharged therefrom, shall be preferred for appointment to civil offices, provided they are found to possess the business capacity necessary for the proper discharge of the duties of such office, and it shall be the duty of the examiner or commissioner certifying the list of eligibles who have taken the examinations provided for in this Act, to place the name or names of such persons at the head of the list of eligibles to be certified for appointment.

When there is no eligible list, the appointing officer may, with the authority of the commission, make temporary appointments to remain in force only until regular appointments under the provisions [of] this Act can be made.

In employment of an essentially temporary and transitory nature, the appointing officer may, with the authority of the commission, make temporary appointments to fill a vacancy, but no such authority shall be granted for a period of more than 30 days, but it may be renewed from time to time by the commission. The commission shall include in its annual report, and if thereto required by the Governor, in any special report, a statement of all temporary authorities granted or renewed during the year or period specified by the Governor, together with a statement of the facts in each case because of which such authority was granted.

The acceptance or refusal by an eligible person of a temporary appointment shall not affect the standing on the register for permanent appointment.

§ 11. CLASSIFIED SERVICE-WHAT NOT INCLUDED.] All officers elected by the people; all officers, boards and commissioners appointed by the Governor subject to confirmation by the Senate; all officers and employés of the General Assembly or either house thereof; judges and officers appointed by judges of any court, clerks of court, notaries pub

lic; persons employed in the military service of the State; all presidents, deans, principals, professors, instructors, scientific staff and other teachers in the University of Illinois and the normal schools; employés at the executive mansion; all regular and special assistants Attorney General, including the inheritance tax attorney of Cook county and assistant inheritance tax attorney of Cook county, and all special attorneys employed by the Attorney General, or by any board, superintendent or officer; building and loan and bank examiners, superintendents, wardens and chaplains of the State charitable, correctional and penal institutions; one private secretary or stenographer in each of the elective offices, and in the office of the presidents of the University of Illinois and the normal schools, and all clerks and watchmen in the respective offices of Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, Auditor of Public Accounts and Superintendent of Public Instruction shall not be included in the classified service: Provided, that in the University of Illinois and the normal schools, students may be employed under the rules of the Civil Service Commission without examination or certification, and a private secretary or stenographer in the offices of the dean of men and the dean of women of the University of Illinois shall not be included in the classified service.

§ 12. No officer or employé in the classified civil service shall be removed or discharged except for cause, upon written charges, and after an opportunity to be heard in his own defense. Such charges shall be investigated by or before said Civil Service Commission, or by or before some officer or board appointed by said commission to conduct such investigation. The finding and decision of such commission or of such investigating officer or board, when approved by said commission, shall be certified to the appointing officer, and shall be forthwith enforced by such officer. Nothing in this Act shall limit the power of any officer to suspend a subordinate for a reasonable period, not exceeding thirty days. Every such suspension shall be without pay: Provided, however, that the commission shall have authority to investigate every such suspension, and in case of its disapproval thereof, it shall have power to restore pay to the employé so suspended. In the course of any investigation provided for in this Act each member of the commission, and of any board so appointed by it, and any officer so appointed, shall have the power to administer oaths and shall have power to secure by its subpoena both the attendance and testimony of witnesses, and the production of books and papers. Nothing in this section shall be construed to require such charges in case of laborers or in case of persons having the custody of public money for the safe keeping of which another person has given bonds.

14. The commission shall investigate the efficiency of all officers and employés and of all groups of officers and employés in the classified service and shall report to each officer, board or other authority in charge of any institution, office or department of the State government its findings and recommendations relative to increasing efficiency and

economy therein. In case the recommendations made by the commission are not carried into effect within a reasonable time, or in case of a difference of opinion with reference to such findings or recommendations between the commission and the officer, board or other authority in charge of an institution, office or department concerned in any such finding or recommendation, the report accompanied by a note of the relevant facts shall be transmitted to the Governor by the commission. The commission shall investigate the enforcement of this Act and of the rules of the commission, the conduct of the appointees in the classified service, and the method of administration therein, and may investigate the nature, tenure and compensation of all offices and places in the civil service of the State. In the course of such investigation each commissioner shall have power to administer oaths, and said commission shall have power to secure by its subpoena both the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of books and papers. APPROVED June 10, 1911.