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And you must reel the spool of yarn, That I spun yesterday.

The old woman took a staff in her hand,

And went to drive the plough:

The old man took a pail in his hand,

And went to milk the cow;
But Tidy hinched, and Tidy flinched,
And Tidy broke his nose,

And Tidy gave him such a blow,

That the blood ran down to his toes.

High! Tidy! ho! Tidy! high!

Tidy! do stand still;

If ever I milk you, Tidy, again,

"Twill be sore against my will!

He went to feed the little pigs

That were within the sty;
He hit his head against the beam,
And he made the blood to fly.
He went to mind the speckled hen,
For fear she'd lay astray,

And he forgot the spool of yarn
His wife spun yesterday.

So he swore by the sun, the moon, and the stars,

And the green leaves on the tree,

"If my wife does n't do a day's work in her life,

She shall ne'er be ruled by me."

SECTION III

FAIRY STORIES-TRADITIONAL TALES

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Jacobs, Joseph, English Fairy Tales, More English Fairy Tales, Celtic Fairy Tales, More Celtic Fairy Tales, Indian Fairy Tales, Europa's Fairy Tales.

Lang, Andrew, The Blue Fairy Book, The Red Fairy Book, The Green Fairy Book, The Yellow Fairy Book.

The Perrault stories are included in the first. Many other volumes named by colors (Violet, Orange, etc.) were made under Mr. Lang's direction, but these four include the cream.

II. NATIONAL COLLECTIONS

ENGLISH: Campbell, J. F., Popular Tales of the West Highlands. 4 vols.
Halliwell, J. O., Popular Rhymes and Nursery Tales.

Hartland, E. S., English Fairy and Folk Tales.

GERMAN: Grimm, J. and W., Kinder und Hausmärchen (Household Tales).

Translated by Edgar Taylor as Grimm's Popular Stories (55 stories, 1823-1827), and illustrated by George Cruikshank. Best reprint is in one volume with introduction by John Ruskin.

Translated complete by Margaret Hunt (2 vols., 1884), introduction by Andrew Lang. Other excellent translations of selected stories by Mrs. Lucas and by Lucy Crane. INDIAN: Frere, Mary, Old Deccan Days.

IRISH:

Knowles, J. H., Folk Tales of Kashmir.

Steel, Flora Annie, Tales of the Punjab. (Notes by Captain R. C. Temple.)
Stokes, Maive, Indian Fairy Tales.

Curtin, J., Hero Tales of Ireland.

Graves, A. P., The Irish Fairy Book.

Hyde, Douglas, Beside the Fire.

Joyce, P. W., Old Celtic Romances.

Wilde, Lady Constance, Ancient Irish Legends.

Yeats, W. B., Irish Fairy Tales.

ITALIAN: Crane, T. F., Italian Popular Tales.

NORSE:

Asbjörnsen, P. C., and Moe, J., Norske Folke-eventyr (Norwegian Folk Tales, 18421844, with subsequent additions).

Translated by Sir George Webbe Dasent in Popular Tales from the Norse and Tales of the Fjeld; by H. L. Braekstad in Round the Yule Log and Fairy Tales from the North. SLAVIC: Bain, R. Nesbit, Cossack Fairy Tales, Russian Folk Tales.

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Adler, Felix, The Moral Instruction of Children, pp. 63–79.

Kready, Laura F., The Study of Fairy Tales. (Indispensable.)
MacClintock, P. L., Literature in the Elementary School, pp. 92–112.

McMurry, Charles, Special Method in Reading, pp. 47–69.

SECTION III: FAIRY STORIES-TRADITIONAL TALES

INTRODUCTORY

The forty-three tales in this section have been chosen (1) in the light of what experience shows children most enjoy, (2) to represent as fully as possible the great variety of our traditional inheritance, (3) to afford an opportunity of calling attention to additional riches in various collections, and (4) to suggest a fair minimum of the amount of such material to be used with children. As in all such questions of judgment, there must inevitably be differences of opinion. Many will doubtless find stories missing that seem necessary even to so small a list, while others will find tales included that may seem questionable. Such a selection can be, and is intended to be, only tentative, a starting point from which there are many lines of departure. Folklore. These tales are all from the traditional field. They are mainly of anonymous and popular origin, handed down orally by peasants. The investigation of their origin, distribution, and interrelations belongs to the science of folklore. A good-sized library could be filled entirely with the books concerned with the studies and disputations in this interesting field. While the folklorists have very much of value to tell the teacher, their questions may be largely ignored until the latter is quite fully acquainted with a large body of the acknowledged masterpieces among folk stories, especially those which the schools have taken to themselves as useful in elementary work. Teachers interested in pursuing the matter further-and it is to be hoped there are many such-will find suggestions in the notes at the head of each tale and in the preceding bibliography that may prove serviceable in directing them some little way. Each book will point the student to many others; when he is once started on the road of investigation, there will open up many unexpected and fascinating vistas.

Objections to fairy tales. These objections seem to fall as a rule under two main heads. First, there are those who object to any stimulation of the fanciful in children, and who would have us confine ourselves to what they call realities. They would eliminate as far as possible all the imaginings of children. The make-believe world so dear to infancy has no place in their creed. Second, there are those who doubt the moral tendency of all fairy tales. They observe that many of these tales come to us from a cruder and coarser social state than our own, that they contain elements of a superstitious and animistic past, that they often deal with cruelties and horrors, trickeries and disloyalties, that they are full of romantic improbabilities and impossibilities. It may as well be admitted at once that the folklore of the world contains many stories to which these and other objections are valid.

Is there a proper line of defense for fairy tales? Dr. Felix Adler, who certainly cannot be accused of being insensible to realities, puts the case thus, as between defenders and objectors: "I venture to think that, as in many other cases, the cause of the quarrel is what logicians call an undistributed middle-in other words, that

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