Country RoadsIsaac B. Potter I.B. Potter, 1894 - 64 páginas |
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Términos y frases comunes
50 Cents abutment angle ditch Asphalt blade bottom brace CANTILEVER BRIDGE cent centre cities Civil Engineer construction cost country road cross drain cross section CRUSHER cubic foot culvert dirt road drain ditch drain tile drainage earth roads farm farmer field stone FIGURE filled foot four feet grade ground gutters haul highway bridge holes horses hundred improvement inches inches wide increase keep KENNETT SQUARE labor laid let us admit load MACADAM ROADS mention POTTER million tons MONADNOCK BUILDING narrow Normandy road pavements photograph in possession pipe plank plough POTTER BUILDING POTTER'S GOOD ROADS pounds rear repairs road machine ROAD ROLLERS ROADS LIBRARY roadway roller ruts Showing shown in Fig side ditches six inches smooth soil span street stringer strip surface ditches timbers town tracks truss wagons wagonway wheels wide tires width World's Columbian Exposition write please mention York
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Página 18 - ... liable to become broken up and destroyed by frost and the wheels of vehicles. Therefore, where the road runs through low wet lands or over certain kinds of clayey soils, surface drainage is not all that is necessary. Common side drains catch surface water and surface water only. Isaac Potter says: "Many miles of road are on low, flat lands and on springy soils, and thousands of miles of prairie roads are, for many weeks in the year, laid on a wet subsoil. In all such cases, and, indeed, in every...
Página 40 - Assuming the wagon to weigh 1,000 pounds, then on the broad wheel 3,248 pounds of load would be drawn as easily as 2,000 pounds on the narrow tires. Again, the broad wheels in the trial did not injure the turf, while the narrow wheels cut through it.
Página 32 - In building new roads with a machine first mark out your ditches the full width, plowing a light furrow with the point of the blade, carrying the rear end well elevated. On the second round drive the wheels in line with the point along the hollow made the first round, plowing a full furrow with the advance end of the blade, dropping the rear end somewhat lower than before. The third time round move over towards the middle of the road the earth previously plowed. Then return to the ditch and plow...
Página 18 - Many miles of road are on low, flat lands and on springy soils, and thousands of miles of prairie roads are, for many weeks in the year, laid on a wet subsoil. In all such cases, and, indeed, in every case where the nature of the ground is not such as to insure quick drainage, the road may be vastly benefited by under drainage. An under drain clears the soil of surplus water, dries it, warms it, and makes impossible the formation of deep, heavy, frozen crusts, which are found in every undrained road...
Página 15 - ... practically water-tight, and the water which falls or forms on the surface must either remain there or be carried away by surface ditches at the sides of the road. " A side ditch should have a gradually falling and even grade at the bottom, and broad, flaring sides to prevent the caving in of its banks. It can be easily cleared of snow, weeds, and rubbish; the water will run into it easily from each side, and it is not dangerous to wagons and foot travelers. It is therefore a much better ditch...
Página 19 - Under drains are not expensive. On the contrary, they are cheap and easily made, and if made in a substantial way and according to the rules of common sense a good under drain will last for ages. Use the best tools and materials you can get; employ them as well as you know how, and wait results with a clear conscience. Slim fagots of wood bound together and laid lengthwise at the bottom of a carefully graded drain ditch will answer fairly well if stone or drain tile cannot be had, and will be of...
Página 14 - ... the right way. Very few people know how great an amount of water falls upon the country road, and it may surprise some of us to be told that on each mile of an ordinary country highway three rods wide within the United States there falls each year an average of twenty-seven thousand tons of water. In the ordinary country dirt road the water seems to stick and stay as if there was no other place for it, and this is only because we have never given it a fair opportunity to run out of the dirt and...
Página 31 - Spring, before the ground becomes too hard, the road should be gone over thoroughly with the road machine; the ditches cleaned out, so that water may have a free outlet ; ruts and holes filled, elevations in the road and the shoulders on the side of the road planed off, the grade improved and the road put in a good condition generally. In repairing a road which is in fair condition, commence...