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THE DE VINNE PRESS.

1. The thirteenth letter maa (mä), n. A dialectal form of mew1. [Shet-
and tenth consonant in the land.]

A dialectal form of merlin.

English alphabet. It had a maadt. An obsolete past participle of make1.
corresponding position in the Chaucer.
Latin and Greek alphabets, and maalin (mäʼlin), n.
in their source,
the Phenician.
The conspectus of forms in these [Shetland.]
three alphabets, with the Egyptian
characters from which many be-

lieve the M to be derived (see 4),

is as follows:

Hieroglyphic. Hieratic.

M represents a labial nasal sound, the corresponding nasal to b and p, as n to d and t, and ng to g and k. That is to say, in its production the lips are pressed together, or form a mute closure, as in p and b, and the vocal chords are set in sonant vibration, as in b; but the passage from the pharynx into the nose is open, so that the tone rings in the nasal as well as in the oral cavity, and this gives the peculiar quality which we term nasal. (See nasal.) Since the nose is incapable of complete closure (except by external means, as the fingers), the sound thus produced is resonant and continuable, and hence m and n are ordinarily reckoned as semivocal, or liquid, or the like. But m does not win, like n, an actual vowel value in English syllabication; though in vulgar pronunciation words like elm, spasm, etc., are sometimes resolved into el-um, spazum, etc. The sound m, especially as initial, is a very stable element in Indo-European language-history: compare mean1, mind, Latin mens, Greek μevos, Sanskrit v man; or mother, oldest traceable form matar (compared with the altered father, brother, oldest pătar, bhrātar). M has no varieties of pronunciation, and is silent only in a few foreign words, as mnemonic; it is doubled under the same circumstances as the consonants in general, as in dimmer, dimming, dimmed, etc., from dim.

2. As a numeral, in the Roman system, M denotes 1,000. With a dash or stroke over it (M), it stands for a thousand times a thousand, or 1,000,000.-3. As a symbol: (a) In the mnemonic words of logic (see mood2), m indicates a transposition (metathesis) of the premises in the reduction. (b) Formerly, M was a brand impressed on one convicted of manslaughter and admitted to the benefit of clergy.-4. As an abbreviation: (a) In titles, M. stands for Magister or Master, as in A. M.; for Medicina or Medicine, as in M. D.; or for Member, as in M. C., member of Congress, and M. P., member of Parliament. (b) In mech., m. stands for mass. (c) In dental formulæ, in zool., m. stands for molar, and dm. for deciduous molar. (d) In math., M or μ stands for modulus; in higher geom., m or u for the degree of a curve. (e) In astron. and metrol., m. stands for minute (of time), and for meter; mm. for millimeter; and μ for micron or micromillimeter. (f) In musical notation, M. stands for mano (main), mezzo, metronome, and in organ-music for manual. See M. D., M. M., M. S. (g) In a ship's log-book, m. is an abbreviation of mist.-5. In printing, the square or quadrate of any body of type: more commonly spelled out, em (which see).To have an M under (or by) the girdlet, to have the courtesy of addressing by the title Mr., Miss, Mrs., etc.; show due respect by using the titles Mr., Mrs., etc. [Colloq.]

curses.

mama.

Miss. The devil take you, Neverout! besides all small Lady A. Marry, come up! What, plain Neverout! methinks you might have an M under your girdle, miss. Swift, Polite Conversation, i. ma1t, a. and adv. A Middle English form of mo. ma2 (mä), n. [A childish name, usually mama: A shorter or childish form of see mama.] ma3 (mä), conj. [It. (= F. mais), but, < L. magis, more: see magister.] In music, but: used especially in the phrase ma non troppo, but not too much, to limit various indications of musical tempo and style, as allegro ma non troppo, quick, but not too much so, etc. ma4 (mä), n. [Polynesian.] A sling used by Polynesian islanders, made from finely braided fibers of cocoanut-husk or of similar material. M. A. See 4. M. (a), 224

ma'am (mäm), n. [Also mam, vulgarly marm,
mum; contr. of madam.] A common colloquial
contraction of madam, used especially in an-
swers, after yes and no, or interrogatively, when
one expects or has not distinctly heard a ques-mals, including man.
tion.

ma'am-school (mäm'sköl), n. A school kept
by a woman; a dame-school. [New Eng.]
I found a girl some eighteen years old keeping a ma'am-
school for about twenty scholars.

S. G. Goodrich, Recollections of a Lifetime, iv.
maatt, a. A form of mate2. Chaucer.
mab (mab), n. [A dial. var. of mob1.] A slat-
tern. [Prov. Eng.]

mab (mab), v. i.; pret. and pp. mabbed, ppr. mab-
bing. [A dial. var. of mobl; cf. mab, n.] To
dress negligently; be slatternly. [Prov. Eng.]
Maba (ma'bä), n. [NL. (J. R. Forster, 1776),
the name of the plant in Tonga-Tabu.] A ge-
nus of dicotyledonous gamopetalous plants be-
longing to the natural order Ebenacea, the
ebony family, characterized by dioecious flow-
ers, almost always three-parted, from three to
an indefinite number of stamens, and three
styles, sometimes united below. They are shrubs
or trees, usually of very hard wood, with small entire
leaves, and flowers either solitary or in cymes. Fifty-nine
species are known, natives of the warm regions of the
globe. The ebony-wood of Cochin-China and Coromandel
is believed to be the product of a tree of this genus. M.
nish, with other species of the region, desirable substi-
geminata and M. laurina, called Queensland ebony, fur-
tutes for ebony. M. buxifolia has been called East In-
dian satinwood. The genus is found in a fossil state in
many Tertiary deposits, the fruiting calyx on its peduncle
being all that is usually preserved. Eight species are
thus known. They have been described under the name
Macreightia, now regarded as a section of Maba. One of

these fossil species occurs in Colorado,
mabblet, v. t. A variant of moble2.
mabby (mab'i), n. [Formerly also mobby; Bar-
bados.] A spirituous liquor distilled from po-
tatoes in Barbados.

4. The so-called yellow lemur or kinkajou, Cercoleptes caudivolvulus: a misnomer. See cut under kinkajou. macaco2 (ma-kā kō), n. [Formerly macaquo (Marcgrave, 1648); said to be of African (Congo) origin. See macaque, Macacus.] A macaque. See Macacus. macaco-worm (ma-kā ́kō-wérm), n. The larva of a dipterous insect of South America, Dermatobia noxialis, which infests the skin of aniMacacus (ma-ka'kus), n. [NL. (F. Cuvier) (Macaca, Lacépède, 1801), < F. macaque (Buffon), from a native name, macaco: see macaco2.] A genus of Old World catarrhine monkeys of the family Cercopithecida or Cynopithecida; the macaques. The genus formerly included monkeys between the doucs (Semnopithecine) and the baboons or drills (Cynocephalina). It was next restricted to species inhabiting the East Indies, having cheek-pouches, ischial callosities, and a fifth tubercle on the back molar, such as the wanderoo (M. silenus), the bonnet-macaque (M. sinicus), the rhesus monkey (M. rhesus), the common toque (M. cynomolgus), etc. It is now restricted to species resembling the lastnamed. The leading genera which have been dissociated pithecus, and Cercopithecus. from Macacus are Cercocebus, Inuus, Theropithecus, Cynomacadam (mak-adʼam), n. [Short for Macadam pavement: see macadamize.] Macadamized pavement.

primitive macadam to the noiseless asphalte. There are many varieties of pavement in London, from Contemporary Rev., LIV. 432. Macadamia (mak-a-dā'mi-ä), n. [NL. (F. von Müller, 1857), named after one Mac Adam.] A genus of dicotyledonous apetalous plants belonging to the natural order Proteacea and the tribe Grevilleea, characterized by having two pendulous ovules, seeds with unequal and fleshy cotyledons, anthers on short filaments inserted a little below the lamina, and a ring-like four-lobed or four-parted disk. There are two species, found only in eastern Australia. They are tall shrubs or trees with whorled leaves, either entire or serrate, and flowers pedicellate in pairs, in terminal or axillary racemes, the pedicels not connate. M. ternifolia is the Queensland nut-tree, a small tree with dense foliage, a firm, fine-grained wood, and an edible nut with the taste of hazel, an inch or more in diameter.

macadamization (mak-ad ̋am-i-zā ́shọn), n. [< macadamize+-ation.] The process of laying carriage-roads according to the system of John Loudon Macadam, a Scottish engineer (17561836), who carried it out very extensively in England. In the common process, the top soil of the roadway is removed to the depth of 14 inches. Coarse

cracked stone is then laid in to a depth of 7 inches, and the interstices and surface-depressions are filled with fine cracked stones. Over these as a bed is placed a layer 7 inches deep of road-metal or broken stone, of which no piece is larger than 24 inches in diameter. This is rolled down with heavy steam- or horse-rollers, and the top is finished with stone crushed to dust and rolled smooth. Also spelled macadamisation.

Mac. [< Gael. mac = Ir. mac W. map, mab,
also ap, ab, a son, = Goth. magus, a son: see
may2. Cf. ap.] An element, usually a con-
joined prefix, in many Scotch and Irish names
of Celtic origin, cognate with the Welsh Ap-,
signifying 'son,' and being thus equivalent to
the Irish O', the English -son or -s, and the Nor-
man Fitz-. The prefix is either written in full, Mac-, or
abbreviated to Mc- or Mc., which in works printed in the
British Isles almost invariably appears as M--the con-
tracted form being followed by a capital letter, while Mac-
takes a capital after it but rarely. Thus a name may be
variously spelled as Macdonald (rarely MacDonald), M'Don-
etc. In catalogues, directories, etc., names with this prefix,
ald, or McDonald; so Mackenzie, M'Kenzie, or McKenzie,
whether written Mac-, M or Mc-, are properly entered in
the alphabetical place of Mac. Sometimes used separate
ly for persons whose names begin with this prefix.
The Fitzes sometimes permitted themselves to speak
with scorn of the O's and Macs, and the O's and Macs
sometimes repaid that scorn with aversion.
Macaberesque (ma-ka-bėr-esk'), a. [< Macaber
Macaulay.
(see def.)+-esque. Cf. ML. Machabæorum chora,
as if the dance of the Maccabees.'] Pertain- amiser.
ing to or of the character of the so-called
"Dance of Death," a favorite subject in the
middle ages and early Renaissance: apparently
literature, art, and pantomime of Europe in the
based on a series of dialogues of death attrib-
uted to Macaber, an old German poet of whom
nothing is known. See dance of death, under
dance.

macaco1 (ma-kā kō), n. [Formerly also mau-
cauco, mocawk; from a Malagasy name.] 1.
The ring-tailed lemur or cat-lemur, the species
of Lemur earliest known, described under this
name by Buffon; the L. catta of Linnæus.-2.
The technical specific name of the ruffed lemur,
L. macaco. Hence-3. Any lemur; a maki.—

3557

macadamize (mak-adʼam-īz), v. t.; pret. and pp.
macadamized, ppr. macadamizing. [‹ Macadam,
the name of the inventor, +-ize. The F. maca-
damiser is from E.] To cover (a road or path)
with a layer of broken road-metal.
See mac-
macadamizer (mak-ad'am-i-zėr), n.
adamization. Also spelled macadamise.
One who
lays macadamized roads. Also spelled macad-
Macaja butter. See Cocos.
[< F. macaque, ma-
Macacus.]
macaque (ma-kak'), n.
caco, macaquo, a native name: see macaco2,
A monkey of the genus Macacus;
one of the several kinds of monkeys coming
between baboons and the African mangabeys.

The term has undergone the same restriction of meaning
as Macacus; and most of the macaques, in a former sense
of the word, have received special names. The Javan ma-
caque, M. cynomolgus, with beetling brows and tail about
as long as the body, is a fair example of the arboreal forms.
The munga, M. sinicus of India, is known as the bonnet-
macaque, from the top-knot which parts in the middle. The
bunder, or rhesus macaque, M. rhesus, is a very common
Indian species. The bruh, or pig-tailed macaque, M. neme-

strinus, is a long-limbed form inhabiting the Philippines, with the tail of moderate length. In the Bornese black

macaque

macaque, M. maurus, the tail is a mere stump. Some of these monkeys reach the snow-line in Tibet, as M. thibetanus. A remarkable species, the wanderoo, M. silenus, with a tufted tail and the face set in an enormous frill of long gray hair, inhabits Malabar. Sometimes spelled macake.

[NL., < Gr. μακάριος,
Macaria (ma-kā'ri-ä), n.
uákap, blessed, happy.] In zool., a name of va-
rious genera. (a) A genus of spiders. Koch, 1795. (b)
The typical genus of Macariidae or Macariince, erected by
Curtis in 1826. They are delicate, slender-bodied moths of
grayish color, whose larvæ are slender with heart-shaped
head. It is a large and wide-spread genus, occurring abun-
dantly in Europe and America. M. liturata is the tawny-
barred angle of English collectors, to whom M. notata is
known as the small peacock-moth. (c) A genus of lady-
birds or coccinellids, confined to South America, having
the third and fifth joints of the antennæ very small. Also
Micaria. Dejean, 1834.

Macarian (ma-kā'ri-an), a. [< Macarius (see
def.) (< Gr. pakúpioç, blessed) +-an.] 1. A fol-
lower of the monastic system or customs of the
elder Macarius of Egypt, or of the younger Ma-
carius of Alexandria, contemporary monks of
the fourth century, who were noted for their
severe asceticism.-2. A follower of the Mo-
nothelite Macarius, patriarch of Antioch in the
seventh century.
Macariida (mak-a-ri'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., Maca-
ria +-ida.] A family of geometrid moths, typi-
fied by the genus Macaria. Also called Maca-
rida. They are also classed as a subfamily,
Macariina, of Geometrida.
macarism (mak'a-rizm), n. [ Gr. μακαρισμός,
blessing, akapigew, bless.] A beatitude. J. A.
Alexander, Commentary on Matthew, p. 110.
macarize (mak'a-riz), v. t.; pret. and pp. maca-
rized, ppr. macarizing. [Gr. pakapiten, bless,
pronounce happy, pákap, blessed, happy.] To
bless; pronounce happy; wish joy to; congratu-
late. [Rare.]

The word macarize has been adopted by Oxford men who are familiar with Aristotle, to supply a word wanting in our language. "Felicitate" and "congratulate" are (in actual usage) confined to events. . . . It may be said that men are admired for what they are, commended for what they do, and macarized for what they have.

3558

dandy; a member of the Macaroni Club. See
II., 1.

Lady Falkener's daughter is to be married to a young
rich Mr. Crewe, a macarone, and of our loo.
Walpole, To Hertford, May 27, 1764.
You are a delicate Londoner; you are a macaroni; you
can't ride.
Boswell, Tour to Hebrides, p. 84.
Sure never were seen two such beautiful ponies;
Other horses are clowns, but these macaronies.
Sheridan, School for Scandal, ii. 2.
[Hence arose the use of the word in the contemporary dog-
gerel of "Yankee Doodle"-
[He] stuck a feather in his cap,
And called it macaroni-

and its application as a name, in the American revolution,
to a body of Maryland troops remarkable for their showy
uniforms.]
4. A crested penguin or rock-hopper: a sailors'
name. See penguin, and cut under Eudyptes.

II. a. 1. Consisting of gay or stylish young
men: specifically [cap.] applied to a London
club, founded about the middle of the eigh-
teenth century, composed of young men who
had traveled and sought to introduce elegances
of dress and bearing from the continent.

On Saturday, at the Maccaroni Club (which is composed
of all the travelled young men who wear long curls and
spying-glasses) they played again.
Walpole, To Hertford, Feb. 6, 1764.
2. Of or pertaining to macaronis or fops; ex-
quisite.
Ye travell'd tribe, ye macaroni train,
Of French friseurs and nosegays justly vain.
Goldsmith, Epilogue spoken by Mrs. Bulkley and Miss
[Catley.

Daft gowk in macaroni dress,
Are ye come here to shaw your face?
Fergusson, On seeing a Butterfly in the Street.

=

voice is exceedingly harsh. The species
are numerous, all inhabiting tropical or
subtropical America, especially the former.
See Ara2.

macaw-bush (ma-kâ' bush), n. A
West Indian plant, Solanum mammosum, a some-
what shrubby, prickly weed.
macaw-palm (ma-kâ'päm), n. Same as ma-
caw-tree.

macaw-tree (ma-kâ'tre), n. A South American palm, Acrocomia sclerocarpa. Also called gru-gru. Maccabean (mak-a-be'an), a. [Also Maccabæan; LL. Maccabæus, Gr. Makkaẞałoç, Macmacaronian (mak-a-ro'ni-an), a. and n. [<mac- cabæus.] Of or pertaining to the Jewish princes aroni +-an.] Same as macaronic. called Maccabees, who delivered Judea from macaronic (mak-a-ron'ik), a. and n. [= F. the tyranny of Antiochus Epiphanes, about 166 macaronique Sp. macarrónico = Pg. macar- B. C., and rendered it independent for about a ronico It. maccheronico; as macaroni +-ic.] century. An obsolete form of I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to the food macaroni. maccaronit, n. and a. -2t. Pertaining to or like a macaroni or fop; macaroni. hence, trifling; vain; affected.-3. In lit., maccawt, n. An old spelling of macaw. See Machiavellian. using, or characterized by the use of, many Macchiavellian, a. and n. [< It. macco, massacre, strange, distorted, or foreign words or forms, macco (mak'o), n. with little regard to syntax, yet with sufficient slaughter (also bean porridge).] A gambling analogy to common words and constructions to game. be or seem intelligible: as, a macaronic poet; macaronic verse. Specifically, macaronic verse or poetry is a kind of burlesque verse in which words of another language are mingled with Latin words, or are made to figure with Latin terminations and in Latin constructions. The term was brought into vogue by the popular satirical works in this style of the Mantuan Teofilo Folengo (died 1544). It is probable that this use of the word has reference to the varied ingredients which enter into the prep

aration of a dish of macaroni.

Whately, On Bacon's Essay on Praise (ed. 1887). macaroni (mak-a-rō'ni), n. and a. [Formerly also maccaroni, mackeroni, macheroni; = F. macaroni = Sp. macarrones = Pg. macarrão, OIt. maccaroni, It. maccheroni, macaroni, orig. a mixture of flour, cheese, and butter, prob. <maccare, bruise, batter, < L. macerare, macerate: see macerate. Cf. macaroon, from the same source. In ref. to the secondary uses of the word (cf. It. maccarone, now maccherone, a fool, blockhead), it is to be noted that it is common to name a droll fellow, regarded as typical of his country, after some favorite article of food, as E. A macaronic stage seems very often to mark the decline of an old literature and language, in countries exposed to Jack-pudding, G. Hanswurst ('Jack Sausage'), F. Jean Farine ('Jack Flour').] I. n. I. A G. P. Marsh, Lects. on Eng. Lang., v. kind of paste or dough prepared, originally II. n. 1. A confused heap or mixture of sevand chiefly in Italy, from the glutinous granu- eral things. Cotgrave.-2. Macaronic verse. lar flour of hard varieties of wheat, pressed macaronicalt (mak-a-ron 'i-kal), a. [<macainto long tubes or pipes through the perfo-ronic + -al.] Same as macaronic. Nashe. macaroon (mak-a-rön'), n. [Formerly also mackaroon, mackroon, makaron, macaron; F. macaron, macaroni, also a bun or cake, Sp. macarron, macaroon, < OIt. maccaroni, orig. a mixture of flour, cheese, and butter: see macaroni.] 1. A small sweet cake, made of sweetalmond meal instead of wheaten flour, and white of eggs.

rated bottom of a vessel furnished with man

drels, and afterward dried in the sun or by
low heat. The same material, called Italian paste, is
also made into a thread-like product called vermicelli, and
into sticks, lozenges, disks, ribbons, etc. Macaroni, cooked
in various ways, constitutes a leading article of food in
Italy, especially in Naples and Genoa, and it is much used

elsewhere. Imitations of it are made in other countries
from ordinary flour, which is much less suitable.
He doth learn to make strange sauces, to eat anchovies,
maccaroni, bovoli, fagioli, and caviare.

B. Jonson, Cynthia's Revels, ii. 1. 2. A medley; something extravagant or calculated to please an idle fancy.-3t. A London exquisite of the eighteenth century; a fop; a

Macaroni and Lady in dress of 1770-1775.

powerful foreign influences.

=

Let anything come in the shape of fodder, or eating
stuffe, it is wellcome, whether it be Sawsedge, .
Chese-cake,... or Mackroone, Kickshaw, or Tantablin!
John Taylor, The Great Eater of Kent (1610).
2t. A droll; a buffoon.-3t. A finical fellow;
a fop; an exquisite. Compare macaroni, 3.

Call'd him... a macaroon,

See oil.

And no way fit to speak to clouted shoon.
R. B., Elegy on Donne (Donne's Poems, ed. 1650).
macarte (ma-kärt'), n. [Origin not ascer-
tained.] A rope attached to the hackamore.
Macartney pheasant. See pheasant.
macary-bitter (mak'a-ri-bit"èr), n. The shrub
Picramnia Antidesma, which yields medicinal
bitters. [West Indies.]
Macassar oil.
macasse (ma-kas'), n. [Origin obscure.] In a
sugar-mill, one of the two side rollers (the other
one being called distinctively the side roller)
placed in the same horizontal plane beneath
the third roller, which is called the king-roller.
macaw (ma-kâ'), n. [Formerly also maccaw, ma-
cao, machao; Braz. macao.] A large American
parrot of the family Psittacida and subfamily
Arina, having a very long graduated tail and
the face partly bare of feathers. The macaws are
among the largest and most magnificent of the parrot
tribe; but they are less docile than most parrots, and their

=

His uncle was still at the macco table.

T. Hook, Man of Many Friends. (Davies.) maccoboy (mak'o-boi), n. A corruption of maccouba, in common use. maccouba, macouba (mak'ö-bä), n. [So named from Macouba, a place in Martinique where the tobacco from which the snuff was originally made is grown.] A kind of fine dark-brown snuff, usually rosescented. More commonly maccoboy. McCulloch Act. See act. mace1(mās), n. [<ME. mace, mase, mas, < OF. mace, mache (also macque, maque,make), F. masse Pr. massa Sp. maza = Pg. maIt. mazza (ML. reflex massa), a club, scepter, LL. matia, L. *matea, found only in dim. mateola, a mallet or beetle. Cf. mack1.] 1. A weapon for striking, consisting of a heavy S head, commonly of metal, with a handle or staff, usually of such length as to be a, a', mace of the 13th century; conveniently wielded b, mace of the type known as 'holywith one hand; by water sprinkler' or 'morning-star"; extension, any simi-, mace of the 15th century. lar weapon. The head is often spiked, and sometimes consists of six, eight, or more radiating blades, grouped around a central spike, all of steel.

ça =

Arm'd with their greaves, and maces, and broad swords.
Heywood, Four Prentices.
They were divided into large parties, and meeting to-
gether combatted with clubs or maces, beating each other
Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 202.
soundly.
2. A scepter; a staff of office having some-
what the form of the weapon of war defined
above. Maces are borne before or by officials of various
ranks in many countries, as a symbol of authority or badge
of office. The mace on the table of the British House of
Lords or House of Commons represents the authority of
the House.

Proud Tarquinius
Rooted from Rome the sway of kingly mace.
Marius and Sylla, 1594, cit. St. (Nares.)