Coats of Arms, or State Seals.-No. 6. the northeast by Delaware Bay, on the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south and west by Maryland. It is one hundred miles in length, and twentyone miles in average breadth, containing an area of 2,120 square miles. HE seal of the State of Delaware | Pennsylvania on the north, is bounded on consists of an azure shield, divided into two equal parts by a band. On the lower part, or base, of the escutcheon is represented a cow, and in the upper part are two symbols designed to represent the agricultural interests of the state. One is a sheaf of wheat, and the other a stalk of tobacco. The supporters consist of two men, a sailor and a hunter. The sailor stands on the left of the escutcheon, partly leaning against it, with the elbow of his left arm resting on the top and holding the crest -a ship under full sail-in his left hand. The hunter stands on the right of the shield with his right hand resting on it, and his left supporting a gun. At the bottom of the shield is the date of its adoption, M.DCC.XCIII. (1793); and around the border are the words, GREAT SEAL OF THE STATE OF DELA WARE. The State of Delaware is the smallest and most southern of the middle states. It is also the smallest state in the Union, excepting Rhode Island. Delaware joins This state is divided into only three. counties, and contains a population of 80,000. The capital is Dover, situated on Jones Creek, ten miles from its entrance into the Delaware Bay. Its population is about 4,000. The largest and most important town in the state is Wilmington. It is situated in the northern part, between Christiana and Brandywine creeks, about one mile from their confluence. It contains 10,000 inhabitants. Delaware was settled in 1627 by the Swedes and Finns, near Wilmington, along the shores of the Delaware Bay. The country was then called New Sweden. Delaware Bay received its name from Lord De La War, who died on it. The state was so called in 1703 from the bay on which it lies. The governor of this state is chosen once in four years, and can not be re-elected. His salary is $1,333. The elections are held on the second Tuesday in November. The Legislature meets on the first Tuesday in January, once in two years. There are twenty academies and about one hundred and fifty common schools in the state, with a school fund of $170,000. The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal crosses the northern part of this state, uniting the two bays from which it takes its name. It is thirteen miles in length, sixtysix feet wide on the surface of the water, and ten feet deep. It is traversed by steamboats, packets, and merchant vessels. This canal extends over one of the most unfavorable tracts of ground ever crossed by a similar work. It passes through a hill four miles long and ninety feet high, by a deep cut, the deepest on any canal in the world. The Summit Bridge which crosses the canal at this place is a single arch of 255 feet in length. An important and valuable national work in this state is the Delaware Breakwater. This is situated in the Delaware Bay, near Lewiston. It consists of two substantial, solid stone piers, one 1,700 feet long, designed as an "ice-breaker;" the other, 2,800 feet long, extending in an angle toward the shore from the first, is called the "Breakwater." This work was constructed by the United States Government about twenty years ago, and cost three millions of dollars. It is designed to afford protection to vessels passing that exposed part of the coast in stormy weather. The mouth of the bay is twelve or thirteen miles wide, and exposed to the full force of the waves of the ocean, which, in an easterly storm, are exceedingly violent. And the icew hich floats down the Delaware River is often not less dangerous. The Breakwater is constructed in the manner best calculated to withstand and destroy the force of the waves and the fields of ice. Thus is furnished an artificial harbor, affording safety for vessels when the weather is such that they could not survive its fury if outside. The value of this work will be felt when it is remembered that there is no other place of refuge within a great distance. BE POLITE. HE following extract from one of Abbott's works is worthy the consideration of every one. A clergyman once said it was beneath the dignity of a Christian to be a gentleman. His practice was consistent with his principle. Rude in feelings and uncultivated in manners, he trampled on all the civilities of life, and rendered himself almost universally obnoxious. Though every man can not be acquainted with the rules of highly refined society, no one is excusable for being harsh, and rude, and uncivil. He who has a heart glowing with kindness and good-will toward his fellow-men, and who is guided in the exercise of these feelings by good common sense, is the truly polite man. Politeness does not consist in wearing a white silk glove, and in gracefully lifting your hat as you meet an acquaintance; it does not consist in artificial smiles and flattering speech, but in sincere and honest desires to promote the happiness of those around you; in the readiness to sacrifice your own ease and comfort to the enjoyments of others. The poor negro women who found Mungo Park perishing under the palm trees of Africa, and who led him to their hut, and supplied him food, and lulled him to sleep with their simple songs, were genuinely polite. They addressed him in the language of kindness and sympathy, and did all in their power to revive his drooping spirits. True politeness is a virtue of the understanding and of the heart. It is not like the whited sepulcher, or like Sodom's farfamed fruit. There are no rules for the exercise of this virtue more correct and definite than those laid down in the New Testament. There is no book of politeness comparable with the Bible. Let us examine some of these directions. "Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them that despitefully use you and persecute you. See that ye love one another with a pure heart fervently. Love worketh no ill to his neighbor." AT BECOMES OF THE B n of the pro- | second or two down upon the candle flame, be carbon in what th top of a wax ted wax may k. The cool that a rim is melted wax The wax in -h the wick to the wick of a the little pas because very the power in iquids. This action. bit of lighted When the black from the smoke has been rubbed off, it will be seen that the paper is scorched in the shape of a ring, while inside of the ring it is only soiled, and not scarcely sing. ed at all. many persons it is Inside of this hollow flame is the vapor The flame of the candle, then, is a little candle. You have already learn allow of a candle tu If you should hold a ne of the hot air woul out, a smoke keeps going into the flame to burn, and,ter over the flame of e, the candle ning the flame at the melted vick is turned • which burns wick. , the heat of melting more o within the to vapor and ontinued until the candle is ermed. but if the glass w would be left beh anney. This dew, wh A candle will not burn without air. If to be water. it has not enough air it goes out or burns Now the dew thus coll over the burning can from the candle an Water is compose drogen and oxygen. ter is hydrogen ande Hydrogen will bu produces water. am at all, of itself, bu power in making oth The air we breathe is and nitrogen. No rogen. No animal ca hydrogen from th es in contact with air unites with this h formed in the dew-li seen that a part of of the candle The smoke that comes out of a candle and hollow, is what burns and makes the light. This is thus drawn smoke is a cloud of small dust, and the always rises, little grains of dust are bits of charcoal, or s taken up a carbon. These are made in the flame, and he current of andle is often paper, and it k. That the by taking a Iding it for a burned by it, and while burning make the These little creins of carbon are made amned turns into wate the case of flame itself, where the rongest heat is. The great heat sepates them from the gas which comes from e melted wax, and as soon as they touch e air on the outside of the thin flame ey burn. Carbon, or charcoal, is what uses the brightness of all lamps and ndles, as well as gas light; hence there ust be carbon in what they are made of. HAT BECOMES OF THE BURNED CANDLE. By many persons it is supposed that he candle, when consumed, burns to nothig. This is not the case. Every thing nd every body goes somewhere; nothing annihilated, hence the matter of which he candle is composed must still exist, hough it may be changed to forms widely liffering from those by which it is known is a candle. You have already learned that the wax r tallow of a candle turns into vapor, which produces the flame by burning; and now we will tell you what becomes of the vapor when burned. It turns into water, and carbonic acid gas. If you should hold a long, slender gasburner over the flame of a candle, and let the flame burn just within the end of it, some of the hot air would come out of the top; but if the glass was cold, a sort of dew would be left behind, in the glass chimney. This dew, when collected, turns out to be water. ww that does not turn into water. It is the stream of hot air going up from it, and that will not condense into dew. Some of this hot stream is the nitrogen of the air from which the candle has taken all the oxygen. But there is something in this stream of hot air besides nitrogen. If a jar be held over the end of the gasburner, or long glass tube, the hot air from the candle may be collected. Then, if clear lime-water be put into the jar, and stopped and shaken up, the water will turn milky. The gas thus collected from the burning candle, and which turns the limewater white, is carbonic acid gas. This gas will not burn; it will put out a light instantly. It is poisonous, and kills animals that breathe it. Carbonic acid gas is formed from the burning candle by the carbon of the candle uniting with the oxygen of the air, just as the hydrogen does to form water. Čarbonic acid gas, then, is simply carbon dissolved in oxygen. When charcoal is burned, it all goes into carbonic acid gas, except the ashes; and these are only the earthy matter that was in the charcoal. Now you see that a candle-flame is vapor burning, and the vapor, in burning, turns into water and carbonic acid gas. The oxygen in both the carbonic acid gas and the water comes from the air, and the hydrogen and carbon together are the vapor. They are distilled out of the melted Now the dew thus collected in the chim- wax by the heat. Carbon, alone, can not be ney over the burning candle is partly form- distilled by any heat. It can be distilled, ed from the candle and partly from the though, when joined with hydrogen, as it air. Water is composed of two gases is in the wax, and then the hydrogen and hydrogen and oxygen. One ninth of the carbon, mixed, rise in a gas of the same water is hydrogen and eight ninths is oxy-kind as that used in lighting streets in cit gen. Hydrogen will burn, and when burn- ies. So a candle is a little gas manufacing produces water. Oxygen will not tory in itself, which burns the gas as fast burn at all, of itself, but it has a wonder- as it makes it. ful power in making other things burn. The air we breathe is composed of oxygen and nitrogen. Nothing will burn in nitrogen. No animal can live in it. When the hydrogen from the burning candle comes in contact with air, the oxygen of the air unites with this hydrogen, and water is formed in the dew-like state. Thus it is seen that a part of the candle when burned turns into water. Now there is another part of the candle CONDUCTORS OF SOUND.-Water and wood are good conductors of sound, as may be proved by the following experiments: A bell rung under the water returns a tone as distinct as if rung in the air. Stop one ear with the finger, and press the other to the end of a long stick or piece of wood, and if a watch be held at the other end of the wood, ticking will be heard, be the wood or stick ever so long. pacious edifice, thousand perby immense at from seven attended each kets were sold s paid for the ader were disfrom $25 00 e tickets were wever, do not new engagece her arrival ceeds of each n the two parher portion of ncert, amount haritable pur decided to set her concerts in of establishing antry, Sweden. she do for her erica who creement as that nce of Jenny ers as a singer, character, and evolence, have aise and admi connected himself with the Baptist denom- s in this city, Boston, where or three con successfully labored for a period of nearly He was living with his third wife at the ew York again. ncert in Boston rester. CALIFORNIA. The bill has at length passed Congress, and been signed by the JUDSON.-This missionary died on board the Ito the Isle of one states. THE NORTHERN BOUNDARY OF TEXAS then to follow that meridian down to the "This is what you h e for a long time; ecome old to you be nished them. This Edward, and I wish you from this moment, to Low request you to c the first unfinished dra plete it, and so conti eglected work is finis But, Miss Grey, th ut, and they are not h wish you would let copy." NEW MEXICO is a new territory, and includes the country on the east side of the Rio Grande, lying north and west of the northern boundary of Texas. UTAH.-That portion of the territory DEATH OF LOUIS PHILIPPE, EX-King of THE QUICKEST TRIP YET.-The United "No, Edward, I can habit is gaining on from a lack of energ ance, and you can ov try. Resolve never thing you are incapab ut persevere in doi right for you to do." "Oh, Miss Grey, if "No, Edward; I Your admin |